コミュニティにおける高齢黒人成人の慢性疼痛と抑うつの併存に対するマインドフルネス認知療法; Quiet Focus オープンパイロット

実験的：マインドフルネス認知療法

行動：Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

The delivered intervention is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy adapted for the chronic pain and depression among older Black adults. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a structured psychotherapy that integrates mindfulness practices with cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. This adapted MBCT is delivered as an 8-week group-based program with each weekly session lasting about 1 hour. Sessions occur once per week, supplemented by daily home practice of 40-60 minutes, 6 days a week, involving guided meditations, body scans, and mindful activities to reinforce skills.

クライアント満足度調査票

クライアント満足度質問票（CSQ-3）の3項目版は、3つの主要項目への回答を合計して採点されます。 サービス満足度の重要な側面を測定する実証的に選択された項目で構成されており、各項目は4段階のリッカート尺度（1＝満足度最低、4＝満足度最高、必要に応じて方向性を調整）で評価されます。 合計スコアは3から12の範囲で、値が高いほど満足度が高いことを示します。逆転採点やサブスケールは必要ありません。

The Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire

The Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) is a 6-item self-report measure assessing treatment credibility (items 1-3) and expectancy (items 4-6). Items 1-3 and 5 are rated 0 (not at all credible/logical) to 9 (extremely credible/logical), while items 4 and 6 are rated 0% to 100%; subscale scores are standardized and summed (credibility: 3-27 raw equivalent; expectancy similar), with total scores ranging 6-54 after standardization, where higher scores indicate greater credibility and positive outcome expectancy (better outcome).

Modified Patient Global Impression of Change

The Modified Patient Global Impression of Change (mPGIC) adapts the standard single-item Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), a validated patient-reported outcome measure of overall perceived change since intervention, by assessing change across six specific domains. Each domain uses a single ordinal item rated on a 7-point scale, coded from 1 = Very Much Improved to 7 = Very Much Worse. Lower scores indicate greater perceived improvement. Domains include coping strategies, physical activity, social activity, level of stress, memory and thinking, and pain, and are analyzed separately.

数字評価尺度

疼痛強度の数値評価尺度（NRS）は、0（痛みなし）から10（想像しうる最悪の痛み）までの11段階の尺度であり、過去1週間の平均的な痛みを評価します。
スコアが高いほど疼痛強度が高く（結果が悪い）、スコアが低いほど痛みが少ない（結果が良い）ことを示します。単一項目の総合スコアです。

PROMIS不安

PROMIS Short Form V1.0 - Emotional Distress Anxiety 8a（PROMIS Anxiety SF 8a v1.0）は、過去7日間の自己報告による不安症状（恐怖、緊張、心配、不安感、緊張感や落ち着きのなさを含む）を評価する8項目の患者報告アウトカム尺度です。
各項目は5段階のリッカート尺度（1: 全くない、2: まれにある、3: 時々ある、4: よくある、5: 常にある）を使用します。
総合スコアの範囲は8（最小限の不安、最良の結果）から40（重度の不安、最悪の結果）であり、スコアリング表を用いてTスコア（米国集団における平均=50、標準偏差=10）に変換されます。Tスコアが高いほど不安の重症度が高いことを示します。
サブスケールは計算されず、総合スコアが全体的な不安の苦痛を反映します。
8a短縮版のTスコア範囲：28-82。

PROMIS Physical Function

The PROMIS Short Form V2.0 - Physical Function 8B (PROMIS PF 8B v2.0) is an 8-item patient-reported outcome measure assessing self-reported capability in physical activities, including upper extremity function (e.g., hand/arm tasks), lower extremity function (e.g., walking), central body function, and daily activities. It uses a 5-point Likert response scale per item: Without any difficulty (5), With little difficulty (4), With some difficulty (3), With much difficulty (2), or Unable to do/Cannot do (1). Raw total scores range from 8 (severe difficulty, worst outcome) to 40 (no difficulty, best outcome); these convert via scoring tables to T-scores (mean=50, SD=10 in U.S. population), where higher T-scores indicate better physical function. No subscales are computed; the total score reflects overall physical function. The T-score range for the PROMIS SF V1.2 is 10-65.

PROMIS Depression

The PROMIS Short Form V1.0 - Emotional Distress Depression 8b (PROMIS Depression SF 8b v1.0) is an 8-item patient-reported outcome measure assessing self-reported depressive symptoms over the past 7 days, including feelings of worthlessness, helplessness, sadness, failure, depression, unhappiness, and hopelessness. It uses a 5-point Likert response scale per item: Never (1), Rarely (2), Sometimes (3), Often (4), or Always (5). Raw total scores range from 8 (minimal depression, best outcome) to 40 (severe depression, worst outcome); these convert via scoring tables to T-scores (mean=50, SD=10 in U.S. population), where higher T-scores indicate greater depression severity. No subscales are computed; the total score reflects overall depressive distress. T-score range: 42-84.

PROMIS Emotional Support

The PROMIS Short Form V2.0 - Emotional Support 8a (PROMIS Emotional Support SF 8a v2.0) is an 8-item patient-reported outcome measure assessing perceived availability of supportive interpersonal relationships over the past 7 days, including listening, confiding, appreciation, understanding, and trust. It uses a 5-point Likert response scale per item: Never (1), Rarely (2), Sometimes (3), Often (4), or Always (5). Raw total scores range from 8 (minimal support, worst outcome) to 40 (strong support, best outcome); these convert via scoring tables to T-scores (mean=50, SD=10 in U.S. population), where higher T-scores indicate greater emotional support. No subscales are computed; the total score reflects overall perceived support. T-score range: 25-75 for the 8a short form.

Measure of Current Status Part A

The Measure of Current Status Part A (MOCS-A) is a self-report questionnaire that measures ability to manage stress. The Measure of Current Status Part A (MOCS-A) comprises 13 items rated 0 (cannot do at all) to 4 (extremely well), summed for total score 0-52, with four subscales: relaxation, tension awareness, assertiveness, coping confidence (higher total/subscale scores indicate better stress management ability, better outcome). Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale where 0 = "I cannot do this at all" and 4 = "I can do this extremely well," with higher scores reflecting greater confidence in coping skills.

Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised

The Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) is a 12-item scale rated 1 (rarely/not at all) to 4 (almost always), total score summed 12-48 (higher scores indicate greater mindfulness ability, better outcome); unidimensional total score. Scoring: Items 2, 6, and 7 are reverse-scored. After appropriate reversals, sum values for items 1-12. Higher values reflect greater mindful qualities.

Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire

The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) sums 20 items rated 0 (never true) to 6 (always true) for total raw score 0-120, with two subscales: Activity Engagement (0-66) and Pain Willingness (0-54), both/totals higher indicating greater pain acceptance (better outcome).

Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire

The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) consists of 10 items rated 0 (not at all confident) to 6 (completely confident), summed for total 0-60. Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy despite pain (better outcome); single total score.

Pain Catastrophizing Scale

The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) sums 13 items rated 0 (not at all) to 4 (all the time) for total 0-52, with subscales: Rumination (0-16), Magnification (0-12), Helplessness (0-24); higher scores indicate greater catastrophizing (worse outcome).

Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale

The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17) sums 17 items rated 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree), with reverse on items 4, 8, 12, and 16. Total score range: 17-68 (higher scores greater kinesiophobia/fear of movement, worse outcome).