Yoga-Based Breathing Exercises in a Salt-Cave Environment Versus a Standard Clinical Setting in Smokers (SPELEO-SMOKERS)
2026年7月27日 更新者:SEFA HAKTAN HATIK、Sinop University
Yoga-Based Breathing Exercises Performed in a Salt-Cave Environment Versus a Standard Clinical Setting in Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether performing the same yoga-based breathing exercise program in a salt-cave environment produced different respiratory, functional, physical activity, and quality-of-life outcomes compared with the same program performed in a standard clinical setting in adult smokers.
Sixty adult smokers were randomized to either a salt-cave group or a control group.
Both groups received a physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program for 6 weeks, twice weekly, in 50-minute sessions.
The intervention content, frequency, duration, and physiotherapist supervision were identical in both groups; the only planned between-group difference was the intervention setting.
Spirometric outcomes were assessed at baseline, week 3, and week 6.
Functional exercise capacity, physical activity, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and week 6.
調査の概要
状態
状態
完了
条件
条件
介入・治療
介入・治療
詳細な説明
Eligible participants were adult daily smokers aged 18 to 65 years who had smoked for at least the previous 12 months.
After baseline assessments, participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the salt-cave group or the standard clinical setting group.
Allocation was generated by an independent researcher and concealed using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes.
Both groups completed the same 6-week yoga-based breathing exercise program, delivered twice weekly under physiotherapist supervision.
Each standardized session lasted approximately 50 minutes and included preparatory breathing control, diaphragmatic breathing, Suusi breathing, Kapalabhati, Ujjayi, Anuloma-Viloma/Nadi Shodhana, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Agni Sar, and relaxation.
The salt-cave group received the program at the Tuzluca Salt Therapy Center, whereas the control group received the program in a standard private clinical setting.
Spirometric parameters included forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and the FEV1/FVC ratio.
Secondary assessments included the 6-minute walk test, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF.
Participant and provider blinding was not feasible because the settings were visibly different.
Statistical analysis was conducted using coded group labels.
研究の種類
研究の種類
介入
入学 (実際)
入学
60
段階
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。
研究場所
-
-
-
Iğdır、トルコ(Türkiye)、76900
- Tuzluca Rock Salt Mine Salt Therapy Center
-
-
参加基準
研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。
適格基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 大人
- 高齢者
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
はい
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adults aged 18 to 65 years
- Voluntary participation and written informed consent
- Ability to ambulate and cooperate with assessments
- Literacy
- Daily smoking for at least the previous 12 months
- Body mass index below 30 kg/m²
Exclusion Criteria:
- Adults aged 18 to 65 years
- Voluntary participation and written informed consent
- Ability to ambulate and cooperate with assessments
- Literacy
- Daily smoking for at least the previous 12 months
- Body mass index below 30 kg/m²
Withdrawal Criteria
- Participant request to discontinue
- Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy
- Occurrence of a sports-related injury during assessments
研究計画
このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。
研究はどのように設計されていますか?
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的:処理
- 割り当て:ランダム化
- 介入モデル:並列代入
- マスキング:なし(オープンラベル)
アーム数
2
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療介入・治療 |
|---|---|
|
実験的:Salt-Cave Yoga-Based Breathing Exercise Group
Participants completed the physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program at the Tuzluca Salt Therapy Center for 6 weeks, twice weekly.
The program content, session duration, frequency, and supervision were identical to those of the comparator group; the planned between-group difference was the intervention setting.
|
Participants received a physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program at the Tuzluca Salt Therapy Center.
The intervention lasted 6 weeks and included two sessions per week, for a total of 12 sessions.
Each standardized session lasted approximately 50 minutes and included preparatory breathing control, diaphragmatic breathing, Suusi breathing, Kapalabhati, Ujjayi, Anuloma-Viloma/Nadi Shodhana, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Agni Sar, and relaxation.
The exercise content, session frequency, duration, and physiotherapist supervision were identical to those provided in the standard clinical setting group; the planned difference was the intervention setting.
|
|
アクティブコンパレータ:Standard Clinical Setting Yoga-Based Breathing Exercise Group
Participants completed the same physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program at the Iğdır Fizyodinamik Wellness Center for 6 weeks, twice weekly.
The program content, session duration, frequency, and supervision were identical to those of the experimental group.
|
Participants received the same physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program in a standard clinical setting at the Iğdır Fizyodinamik Wellness Center.
The intervention lasted 6 weeks and included two sessions per week, for a total of 12 sessions.
Each standardized session lasted approximately 50 minutes and included preparatory breathing control, diaphragmatic breathing, Suusi breathing, Kapalabhati, Ujjayi, Anuloma-Viloma/Nadi Shodhana, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Agni Sar, and relaxation.
The exercise content, session frequency, duration, and physiotherapist supervision were identical to those provided in the salt-cave group.
|
この研究は何を測定していますか?
主要な結果の測定
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) From Baseline to Week 6
時間枠:Baseline, week 3, and week 6; primary endpoint at week 6
|
FEV1 was measured in liters using pre-bronchodilator spirometry.
Participants performed three forced expiratory maneuvers under standardized instruction, and the best acceptable value was recorded.
The primary comparison was the between-group difference in change from baseline to week 6.
An interim measurement was also obtained at week 3
|
Baseline, week 3, and week 6; primary endpoint at week 6
|
二次結果の測定
二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) From Baseline to Week 6
時間枠:Baseline, week 3, and week 6
|
FVC in liters, measured by pre-bronchodilator spirometry; baseline, week 3, and week 6.
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Baseline, week 3, and week 6
|
|
Change in Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) From Baseline to Week 6
時間枠:Baseline, week 3, and week 6
|
PEF in L/s, measured by pre-bronchodilator spirometry; baseline, week 3, and week 6.
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Baseline, week 3, and week 6
|
|
Change in FEV1/FVC Ratio From Baseline to Week 6
時間枠:Baseline, week 3, and week 6
|
FEV1/FVC expressed as a percentage; baseline, week 3, and week 6.
|
Baseline, week 3, and week 6
|
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Change in 6-Minute Walk Distance From Baseline to Week 6
時間枠:Baseline and week 6
|
Distance walked in meters during the 6-minute walk test.
Two tests were administered and the longest distance was used; baseline and week 6.
|
Baseline and week 6
|
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Change in Physical Activity Assessed by IPAQ-SF From Baseline to Week 6
時間枠:Baseline and week 6
|
Total physical activity expressed as MET-min/week using the standard IPAQ-SF scoring protocol; baseline and week 6.
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Baseline and week 6
|
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Change in WHOQOL-BREF Scores From Baseline to Week 6
時間枠:Baseline and week 6
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Changes in General Health, Physical Health, Psychological, Social Relationships, and Environment scores; baseline and week 6.
|
Baseline and week 6
|
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Participants With Intervention-Related Adverse Events
時間枠:6-week study period
|
Number of participants experiencing intervention-related or spirometry-related adverse events during the 6-week study period.
|
6-week study period
|
協力者と研究者
ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。
出版物と役立つリンク
研究に関する情報を入力する責任者は、自発的にこれらの出版物を提供します。これらは、研究に関連するあらゆるものに関するものである可能性があります。
一般刊行物
- Kaminsky DA, Guntupalli KK, Lippmann J, Burns SM, Brock MA, Skelly J, DeSarno M, Pecott-Grimm H, Mohsin A, LaRock-McMahon C, Warren P, Whitney MC, Hanania NA. Effect of Yoga Breathing (Pranayama) on Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Sep;23(9):696-704. doi: 10.1089/acm.2017.0102. Epub 2017 Jul 17.
- Dinesh T, Gaur G, Sharma V, Madanmohan T, Harichandra Kumar K, Bhavanani A. Comparative effect of 12 weeks of slow and fast pranayama training on pulmonary function in young, healthy volunteers: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Yoga. 2015 Jan;8(1):22-6. doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.146051.
- Rashleigh R, Smith SM, Roberts NJ. A review of halotherapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014 Feb 21;9:239-46. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S57511. eCollection 2014.
- Freidl J, Huber D, Braunschmid H, Romodow C, Pichler C, Weisbock-Erdheim R, Mayr M, Hartl A. Winter Exercise and Speleotherapy for Allergy and Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Clin Med. 2020 Oct 15;9(10):3311. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103311.
研究記録日
これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
研究開始
2022年12月1日
一次修了 (実際)
一次修了
2023年2月20日
研究の完了 (実際)
研究の完了
2023年2月28日
試験登録日
最初に提出
最初に提出
2026年7月27日
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
2026年7月27日
最初の投稿 (実際)
最初の投稿
2026年7月30日
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
投稿された最後の更新
2026年7月30日
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
2026年7月27日
最終確認日
最終確認日
2026年7月1日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
その他の研究ID番号
その他の研究ID番号
- SPELEO-SMOKERS-2022
個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画
個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?
いいえ
IPD プランの説明
Individual participant data will not be shared with external researchers.
医薬品およびデバイス情報、研究文書
米国FDA規制医薬品の研究
いいえ
米国FDA規制機器製品の研究
いいえ
この情報は、Web サイト clinicaltrials.gov から変更なしで直接取得したものです。研究の詳細を変更、削除、または更新するリクエストがある場合は、register@clinicaltrials.gov。 までご連絡ください。 clinicaltrials.gov に変更が加えられるとすぐに、ウェブサイトでも自動的に更新されます。