Esta página foi traduzida automaticamente e a precisão da tradução não é garantida. Por favor, consulte o versão em inglês para um texto fonte.

Yoga-Based Breathing Exercises in a Salt-Cave Environment Versus a Standard Clinical Setting in Smokers (SPELEO-SMOKERS)

27 de julho de 2026 atualizado por: SEFA HAKTAN HATIK, Sinop University

Yoga-Based Breathing Exercises Performed in a Salt-Cave Environment Versus a Standard Clinical Setting in Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether performing the same yoga-based breathing exercise program in a salt-cave environment produced different respiratory, functional, physical activity, and quality-of-life outcomes compared with the same program performed in a standard clinical setting in adult smokers. Sixty adult smokers were randomized to either a salt-cave group or a control group. Both groups received a physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program for 6 weeks, twice weekly, in 50-minute sessions. The intervention content, frequency, duration, and physiotherapist supervision were identical in both groups; the only planned between-group difference was the intervention setting. Spirometric outcomes were assessed at baseline, week 3, and week 6. Functional exercise capacity, physical activity, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and week 6.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Concluído

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

Eligible participants were adult daily smokers aged 18 to 65 years who had smoked for at least the previous 12 months. After baseline assessments, participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the salt-cave group or the standard clinical setting group. Allocation was generated by an independent researcher and concealed using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Both groups completed the same 6-week yoga-based breathing exercise program, delivered twice weekly under physiotherapist supervision. Each standardized session lasted approximately 50 minutes and included preparatory breathing control, diaphragmatic breathing, Suusi breathing, Kapalabhati, Ujjayi, Anuloma-Viloma/Nadi Shodhana, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Agni Sar, and relaxation. The salt-cave group received the program at the Tuzluca Salt Therapy Center, whereas the control group received the program in a standard private clinical setting. Spirometric parameters included forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Secondary assessments included the 6-minute walk test, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. Participant and provider blinding was not feasible because the settings were visibly different. Statistical analysis was conducted using coded group labels.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Real)

60

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Locais de estudo

      • Iğdır, Turquia (Türkiye), 76900
        • Tuzluca Rock Salt Mine Salt Therapy Center

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Adulto
  • Adulto mais velho

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Sim

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged 18 to 65 years
  • Voluntary participation and written informed consent
  • Ability to ambulate and cooperate with assessments
  • Literacy
  • Daily smoking for at least the previous 12 months
  • Body mass index below 30 kg/m²

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged 18 to 65 years
  • Voluntary participation and written informed consent
  • Ability to ambulate and cooperate with assessments
  • Literacy
  • Daily smoking for at least the previous 12 months
  • Body mass index below 30 kg/m²

Withdrawal Criteria

  • Participant request to discontinue
  • Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy
  • Occurrence of a sports-related injury during assessments

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Tratamento
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Nenhum (rótulo aberto)

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Experimental: Salt-Cave Yoga-Based Breathing Exercise Group
Participants completed the physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program at the Tuzluca Salt Therapy Center for 6 weeks, twice weekly. The program content, session duration, frequency, and supervision were identical to those of the comparator group; the planned between-group difference was the intervention setting.
Participants received a physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program at the Tuzluca Salt Therapy Center. The intervention lasted 6 weeks and included two sessions per week, for a total of 12 sessions. Each standardized session lasted approximately 50 minutes and included preparatory breathing control, diaphragmatic breathing, Suusi breathing, Kapalabhati, Ujjayi, Anuloma-Viloma/Nadi Shodhana, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Agni Sar, and relaxation. The exercise content, session frequency, duration, and physiotherapist supervision were identical to those provided in the standard clinical setting group; the planned difference was the intervention setting.
Comparador Ativo: Standard Clinical Setting Yoga-Based Breathing Exercise Group
Participants completed the same physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program at the Iğdır Fizyodinamik Wellness Center for 6 weeks, twice weekly. The program content, session duration, frequency, and supervision were identical to those of the experimental group.
Participants received the same physiotherapist-supervised yoga-based breathing exercise program in a standard clinical setting at the Iğdır Fizyodinamik Wellness Center. The intervention lasted 6 weeks and included two sessions per week, for a total of 12 sessions. Each standardized session lasted approximately 50 minutes and included preparatory breathing control, diaphragmatic breathing, Suusi breathing, Kapalabhati, Ujjayi, Anuloma-Viloma/Nadi Shodhana, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Agni Sar, and relaxation. The exercise content, session frequency, duration, and physiotherapist supervision were identical to those provided in the salt-cave group.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) From Baseline to Week 6
Prazo: Baseline, week 3, and week 6; primary endpoint at week 6
FEV1 was measured in liters using pre-bronchodilator spirometry. Participants performed three forced expiratory maneuvers under standardized instruction, and the best acceptable value was recorded. The primary comparison was the between-group difference in change from baseline to week 6. An interim measurement was also obtained at week 3
Baseline, week 3, and week 6; primary endpoint at week 6

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) From Baseline to Week 6
Prazo: Baseline, week 3, and week 6
FVC in liters, measured by pre-bronchodilator spirometry; baseline, week 3, and week 6.
Baseline, week 3, and week 6
Change in Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) From Baseline to Week 6
Prazo: Baseline, week 3, and week 6
PEF in L/s, measured by pre-bronchodilator spirometry; baseline, week 3, and week 6.
Baseline, week 3, and week 6
Change in FEV1/FVC Ratio From Baseline to Week 6
Prazo: Baseline, week 3, and week 6
FEV1/FVC expressed as a percentage; baseline, week 3, and week 6.
Baseline, week 3, and week 6
Change in 6-Minute Walk Distance From Baseline to Week 6
Prazo: Baseline and week 6
Distance walked in meters during the 6-minute walk test. Two tests were administered and the longest distance was used; baseline and week 6.
Baseline and week 6
Change in Physical Activity Assessed by IPAQ-SF From Baseline to Week 6
Prazo: Baseline and week 6
Total physical activity expressed as MET-min/week using the standard IPAQ-SF scoring protocol; baseline and week 6.
Baseline and week 6
Change in WHOQOL-BREF Scores From Baseline to Week 6
Prazo: Baseline and week 6
Changes in General Health, Physical Health, Psychological, Social Relationships, and Environment scores; baseline and week 6.
Baseline and week 6
Participants With Intervention-Related Adverse Events
Prazo: 6-week study period
Number of participants experiencing intervention-related or spirometry-related adverse events during the 6-week study period.
6-week study period

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Publicações e links úteis

A pessoa responsável por inserir informações sobre o estudo fornece voluntariamente essas publicações. Estes podem ser sobre qualquer coisa relacionada ao estudo.

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Real)

1 de dezembro de 2022

Conclusão Primária (Real)

20 de fevereiro de 2023

Conclusão do estudo (Real)

28 de fevereiro de 2023

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

27 de julho de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

27 de julho de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

30 de julho de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

30 de julho de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

27 de julho de 2026

Última verificação

1 de julho de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • SPELEO-SMOKERS-2022

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Descrição do plano IPD

Individual participant data will not be shared with external researchers.

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Essas informações foram obtidas diretamente do site clinicaltrials.gov sem nenhuma alteração. Se você tiver alguma solicitação para alterar, remover ou atualizar os detalhes do seu estudo, entre em contato com register@clinicaltrials.gov. Assim que uma alteração for implementada em clinicaltrials.gov, ela também será atualizada automaticamente em nosso site .