エバンス郡研究
調査の概要
詳細な説明
バックグラウンド:
Evans County Studies は、1950 年代後半に国立心臓研究所から、心血管疾患の発生率に大きな人種的または民族的差異が見られ、安定した集団が長期にわたって利用可能であった地域での疫学的研究を開発するよう要請された結果として開始されました。用語のフォローアップ。 エバンズ郡は、当時、すべての原因による総死亡率が最も高く、その主な原因は冠状動脈性心臓病と高血圧であることが知られている米国の地域にありました。 当時、黒人男性と女性は白人男性に比べて冠状動脈性心疾患の発症率が 4 分の 1 であり、冠状動脈性心疾患による死亡率に性差はなく、動物性脂肪の摂取量が多く、高血圧が 50% 多かったことが知られていました。
1960 年に、最初のエバンス郡研究コホートが形成され、40 ~ 74 歳の黒人と白人の全住民の 92% と、15 ~ 39 歳の住民のサンプルの 50% が完全な身体検査とさまざまな検査を受けました。テスト。 元の研究の主な目的は、冠状動脈および関連する心血管疾患に関連する要因を特定し、黒人における冠状動脈性心疾患の頻度が低いことを説明することでした. 1960 年の 3,102 人の最初のコホートのうち、約 2,500 人が 1967 年から 1969 年にかけて再検査されました。 研究された変数には、血清脂質レベル、血圧、血液凝固因子、カテコールアミン レベル、身体活動、および社会的、心理的、経済的要因が含まれていました。 剖検データも収集されました。 残りの約 1,900 人のコホートについて追跡調査が続けられました。
何年にもわたって、多くの追加の研究が追加されました。 リポタンパク質表現型研究では、高密度リポタンパク質または低密度リポタンパク質のどの画分が冠状動脈性心疾患のリスク増加に関連しているかを調べました。 Black-White Neonatal Blood Pressure Study は、生後 1 年間の血圧レベルとその後の高血圧の発症を関連付け、他の地域の同様のグループをエバンス郡グループと比較しました。 国立小児保健人間発達研究所が資金を提供した血圧に関する避妊ステロイド研究は、初めて経口避妊薬を使用する人の高血圧または血栓性疾患の発症に関連する先行特性を示しています。 エバンス郡保健局も、高血圧検出および追跡プログラムの臨床試験に参加し、コホートの継続的な監視を行いました。
その他の研究には以下が含まれます:高血圧、高脂血症、冠状動脈性心臓病、および血栓症の遺伝の可能性を定義するための遺伝子モデルとして定義された異人種間血統コホートの使用。凍結血清と食品のコレクションの維持;身体活動、社会的流動性、および食事欠乏に関連する人種および社会階級グループ間の血管内凝固の違いを示す新しいテストを評価する。食事によるナトリウム・カリウム、カルシウムおよびセレン摂取量の高血圧との関係の可能性に関する研究。
デザインの物語:
元のエバンス郡研究コホートのフォローアップは、メール、電話、または個人的な訪問で毎年各メンバーに連絡し、エバンス記念病院とステートボロ病院でのすべての入院の毎週の調査によって達成されました。地元新聞の毎日の死亡記事の調査。 死亡した場合、剖検報告書と病院の記録が入手されました。 脳卒中、一過性脳虚血発作、心筋梗塞、狭心症の生存が疑われるすべての症例を検査するために、年に 2 回、神経内科医と心臓内科医の相談チームがエバンス郡を訪れました。 医療機関に来院されなかった患者様には、往診を行いました。
このレコードに記載されている試験完了日は、プロトコル登録および結果システム (PRS) レコードに入力された「終了日」から取得されました。
研究の種類
参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
受講資格のある性別
説明
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか?
協力者と研究者
出版物と役立つリンク
一般刊行物
- Fodor JG, Heyden S, Chockalingam A, Logan AG, Hames CG. The P-wave in the electrocardiogram of hypertensive patients before and after therapy. Can J Cardiol. 1986 Sep-Oct;2(5):264-7.
- Curb JD, Borhani NO, Blaszkowski TP, Zimbaldi N, Fotiu S, Williams W. Patient-perceived side effects to antihypertensive drugs. Am J Prev Med. 1985 Jan-Feb;1(1):36-40.
- Johnson MA, Dooley SP, Caster WO, Hames CG: The Relationship Between Dietary Calcium and Blood Pressure in the Elderly. J Clin Exp Gerontology, 8: (3 & 4), 161-172, 1986
- Smith DK, Teague RJ, McAdam PA, Feldman DS, Feldman EB. Selenium status of malnourished hospitalized patients. J Am Coll Nutr. 1986;5(3):243-52. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1986.10720128.
- Chen XS, Xue A, Morris VC, Ferrans VJ, Herman EH, el-Hage A, Levander OA. Effect of selenium deficiency on the chronic toxicity of adriamycin in rats. J Nutr. 1986 Dec;116(12):2453-65. doi: 10.1093/jn/116.12.2453.
- Singh VK, Fudenberg HH. Immunopharmacological approach to the study of chronic brain disorders. Prog Drug Res. 1986;30:345-63. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-9311-4_10. No abstract available.
- Marazita ML, Elston RC, Namboodiri KK, Hames CG. Genetic analysis of serum lipid levels and blood pressure in a large kindred. Am J Med Genet. 1987 Mar;26(3):511-9. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320260302.
- Strogatz DS, Tyroler HA, Watkins LO, Hames CG. Electrocardiographic abnormalities and mortality among middle-aged black men and white men of Evans County, Georgia. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(2):149-55. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90066-x.
- Combs GF, Spallholz JE, Levander OA, Oldfield JE: Selenium in Biology and Medicine, Third lnternational Symposium, Beijing, China. Two Books, Parts A and B, published in 1987
- Hames CG: An Urgent Methodological Need for Antioxidant Research as Seen by an Epidemiologist. Book, Selenium in Biology and Medicine, 3rd lnterntl Symposium, Beijing, China, Part B, 1987
- Comberg HU, Knowles M, Tyroler HA, Heyden S, Hames CG, Sabo D. Status of patients seven years after completion of the hypertension detection and follow-up program in Evans County, Georgia. J Natl Med Assoc. 1988 Dec;80(12):1285-92.
- Daniels SR, Heiss G, Davis CE, Hames CG, Tyroler HA. Race and sex differences in the correlates of blood pressure change. Hypertension. 1988 Mar;11(3):249-55. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.11.3.249.
- Somervell PD, Kaplan BH, Heiss G, Tyroler HA, Kleinbaum DG, Obrist PA. Psychologic distress as a predictor of mortality. Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Nov;130(5):1013-23. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115402.
- Humble C, Croft J, Gerber A, Casper M, Hames CG, Tyroler HA. Passive smoking and 20-year cardiovascular disease mortality among nonsmoking wives, Evans County, Georgia. Am J Public Health. 1990 May;80(5):599-601. doi: 10.2105/ajph.80.5.599.
- Moorman PG, Hames CG, Tyroler HA. Socioeconomic status and morbidity and mortality in hypertensive blacks. Cardiovasc Clin. 1991;21(3):179-94.
- Knapp RG, Keil JE, Sutherland SE, Rust PF, Hames C, Tyroler HA. Skin color and cancer mortality among black men in the Charleston Heart Study. Clin Genet. 1995 Apr;47(4):200-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1995.tb03959.x.
- PARKER WC, BEARN AG. Haptoglobin and transferrin variation in humans and primates: two new transferrins in Chinese and Japanese populations. Ann Hum Genet. 1961 Dec;25:227-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1962.tb01523.x. No abstract available.
- HAMES CG, GREENBERG BG. A comparative study of serum cholesterol levels in school children and their possible relation to atherogenesis. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1961 Mar;51(3):374-85. doi: 10.2105/ajph.51.3.374. No abstract available.
- WORKMAN PL, BLUMBERG BS, COOPER AJ. SELECTION, GENE MIGRATION AND POLYMORPHIC STABILITY IN A U. S. WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION. Am J Hum Genet. 1963 Dec;15(4):429-37. No abstract available.
- MCDONOUGH JR, HAMES CG, STULB SC, GARRISON GE. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE FIELD STUDY IN EVANS COUNTY, GA. Public Health Rep (1896). 1963 Dec;78(12):1051-9. No abstract available.
- McDonough JR, Hames CG, Griffin LH, Edwards AJ: Observations on Serum Cholesterol Levels in the Twin Population of Evans County, Ga. Circulation, XXV: June 1963
- ROBINSON JC, BLUMBERG BS, PIERCE JE, COOPER AJ, HAMES CG. STUDIES ON INHERITED VARIANTS OF BLOOD PROTEINS. II. FAMILIAL SEGREGATION OF TRANSFERRIN B1-2B2. J Lab Clin Med. 1963 Nov;62:762-5. No abstract available.
- COOPER AJ, BLUMBERG BS, WORKMAN PL, MCDONOUGH JR. BIOCHEMICAL POLYMORPHIC TRAITS IN A U. S. WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION. Am J Hum Genet. 1963 Dec;15(4):420-8. No abstract available.
- BLUMBERG BS, WORKMAN PL, HIRSCHFELD J. GAMMA-GLOBULIN, GROUP SPECIFIC, AND LIPOPROTEIN GROUPS IN A U.S. WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION. Nature. 1964 May 9;202:561-3. doi: 10.1038/202561a0. No abstract available.
- HAMES CG, MCDONOUGH JR, ELLIOTT JL. HYPERTENSION IN IDENTICAL TWINS. Lancet. 1964 Sep 12;2(7359):585. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(64)90648-8. No abstract available.
- MCDONOUGH JR, GARRISON GE, HAMES CG. BLOOD PRESSURE AND HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE AMONG NEGROES AND WHITES; A STUDY IN EVANS COUNTY, GEORGIA. Ann Intern Med. 1964 Aug;61:208-28. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-61-2-208. No abstract available.
- KUEPPERS F, BRISCOE WA, BEARN AG. HEREDITARY DEFICIENCY OF SERUM ALPHA-L-ANTITRYPSIN. Science. 1964 Dec 25;146(3652):1678-9. doi: 10.1126/science.146.3652.1678.
- Stulb SC, Mcdonough JR, Greenberg BG, Hames CG. THE RELATIONSHIP OF NUTRIENT INTAKE AND EXERCISE TO SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN WHITE MALES IN EVANS COUNTY, GEORGIA. Am J Clin Nutr. 1965 Feb;16(6):238-42. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/16.2.238. No abstract available.
- MCDONOGH JR, HAMES CG, STULB SC, GARRISON GE. CORONARY HEART DISEASE AMONG NEGROES AND WHITES IN EVANS COUNTY, GEORGIA. J Chronic Dis. 1965 May;18:443-68. No abstract available.
- MCDONOUGH JR, HAMES CG, GARRISON GE, STULB SC, LICHTMAN MA, HEFELFINGER DC. THE RELATIONSHIP OF HEMATOCRIT TO CARDIOVASCULAR STATES OF HEALTH IN THE NEGRO AND WHITE POPULATION OF EVANS COUNTY, GEORGIA. J Chronic Dis. 1965 Mar;18:243-57. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(65)90151-7. No abstract available.
- Lichtman MA, Hames CG, Mcdonough JR. SERUM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORETIC FRACTIONS AMONG NEGRO AND WHITE SUBJECT IN EVANS COUNTY, GEORGIA. Am J Clin Nutr. 1965 Jun;16:492-508. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/16.6.492. No abstract available.
- Lichtman MA, Hames CG, McDonough JR: Serum Gamma Globulin Levels Among Negroes and Whites in Evans County, Ga. Clin Res, 13:30, 1965
- Ibrahim MA, Jenkins CD, Cassel JC, McDonough JR, Hames CG. Personality traits and coronary heart disease. Utilization of a cross-sectional study design to test whether a selected psychological profile precedes or follows manifest coronary heart disease. J Chronic Dis. 1966 Mar;19(3):255-71. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(66)90131-7. No abstract available.
- Garrison GE, McDonough JR, Hames CG, Stulb SC. Prevalence of chronic congestive heart failure in the population of Evans County, Georgia. Am J Epidemiol. 1966 Mar;83(2):338-44. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120589. No abstract available.
- Berg K, Bearn AG. An inherited X-linked serum system in man; the Xm system. J Exp Med. 1966 Feb 1;123(2):379-97. doi: 10.1084/jem.123.2.379.
- Skinner JS, Benson H, McDonough JR, Hames CG. Social status, physical activity, and coronary proneness. J Chronic Dis. 1966 Jul;19(7):773-83. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(66)90075-0. No abstract available.
- Hames CG, McDonough JR, Stulb SC, Garrison G: Physical Activity and Ischemic Heart Disease Among Negroes and Whites in Evans County, Ga. Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease: Principles and Practice by Wilhelm Raab, Charles Thomas, Publisher, 1966
- Hames CG. Physical activity and coronary heart disease. J Med Assoc Ga. 1967 Jul;56(7):308. No abstract available.
- McDonough JR, Hames CG. Influence of race, sex and occupation on seasonal changes in serum cholesterol. Am J Epidemiol. 1967 May;85(3):356-64. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120697. No abstract available.
- Brewer GJ, Gall JC, Honeyman M, Gershowitz H, Shreffler DC, Dern RJ, Hames C. Inheritance of quantitative expression of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the negro--a twin study. Biochem Genet. 1967 Jun;1(1):41-53. doi: 10.1007/BF00487735. No abstract available.
- Lichtman MA, Vaughan JH, Hames CG. The distribution of serum immunoglobulins, anti-gamma-G globulins ("rheumatoid factors") and antinuclear antibodies in White and Negro subjects in Evans County, Georgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1967 Jun;10(3):204-15. doi: 10.1002/art.1780100306. No abstract available.
- McDonough JR, Garrison GE, Hames CG: Blood Pressure and Hypertensive Disease Among Negroes and Whites in Evans County, Ga. In Epidemiology of Hypertension, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1967
- Lichtman MA, McDonough JR, Hames CG: Serum Gamma Globulin Concentration in Related and Non-Related Subjects. Hum Biol, 39:No 3, Sept. 1967
- Kueppers F, Bearn AG. An inherited alpha-1-antitrypsin variant. Humangenetik. 1967 Sep 6;4(3):217-20. doi: 10.1007/BF00292195. No abstract available.
- Jenkins CD, Hames CG, Zyzanski SJ, Rosenman RH, Friedman M. Psychological traits and serum lipids. I. Findings from the California Psychological Inventory. Psychosom Med. 1969 Mar-Apr;31(2):115-28. doi: 10.1097/00006842-196903000-00004. No abstract available.
- Heyden S, Bartel AG, Hames CG, McDonough JR. Elevated blood pressure levels in adolescents, Evans County, Georgia. Seven-year follow-up of 30 patients and 30 controls. JAMA. 1969 Sep 15;209(11):1683-9. No abstract available.
- Hames CG. Coronary heart disease and smoking. A reducible risk factor. J Med Assoc Ga. 1969 Oct;58(10):440. No abstract available.
- Hames CG: Inter-Disciplinary Findings of the Evans County Epidemiological Research Project, Workshop-Conference, Fundamental Data on Reactions of Vascular Tissue in Man, Lindau, W. Germany, April 19-25, 1970
- Bartel AG, Hames CG. Intensive coronary care in a 42-bed rural hospital. J Med Assoc Ga. 1970 Jul;59(7):285-9. No abstract available.
- Hames CG: The Correlation of Ischemic Heart Disease with Social Class Among Whites and Blacks in a Total Community Epidemiological Study. Lex et Scientia, 7: No 2, April-June 1970
- Hames CG. Stress and heart disease. J Med Assoc Ga. 1970 May;59(5):194-5. No abstract available.
- Deasy LC. Some reflections on coronary heart disease: socio-medical implications for patients and their families. Soc Sci Med (1967). 1970 Apr;3(4):659-67. doi: 10.1016/0037-7856(70)90033-8. No abstract available.
- Heyman A, Karp HR, Heyden S, Bartel A, Cassel JC, Tyroler HA, Hames CG. Cerebrovascular disease in the biracial population of Evans County, Georgia. Arch Intern Med. 1971 Dec;128(6):949-55. No abstract available.
- Cassel J, Heyden S, Bartel AG, Kaplan BH, Tyroler HA, Cornoni JC, Hames CG. Occupation and physical activity and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med. 1971 Dec;128(6):920-8. No abstract available.
- Cassel J, Heyen S, Bartel AG, Kaplan BH, Tyroler HA, Cornoni JC, Hames CG. Incidence of coronary heart disease by ethnic group, social class, and sex. Arch Intern Med. 1971 Dec;128(6):901-6. No abstract available.
- Blumberg BS, Hesser JE. Loci differentially affected by selection in two American black populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Oct;68(10):2554-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.10.2554.
- Heyman A, Karp HR, Heyden S, Bartel A, Cassel JC, Tyroler HA, Cornoni J, Hames CG, Stuart W. Cerebrovascular disease in the bi-racial population of Evans County, Georgia. Stroke. 1971 Nov-Dec;2(6):509-18. doi: 10.1161/01.str.2.6.509. No abstract available.
- Simpson MT, Hames CG, Olewine DA, Ramsey FH, Meier R. Physical activity, catecholamines, and platelet stickiness. Recent Adv Stud Cardiac Struct Metab. 1972;1:742-52. No abstract available.
- Farrar WE Jr, Gibbins SD, Whitfield ST. Low prevalence of antibody to Trypanosoma cruzi in Georgia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1972 Jul;21(4):404-6. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1972.21.404. No abstract available.
- Heyden S: Epidemiologie Cerbraler Gefabverschulsse. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur innere Medizine, 78, Band, by J. F. Bergmann, Munchen, 1972
- Heyden S, Bartel A, Cassel JC, Hames CG, Tyroler HA, Meier R: Physiologische, Pharmakologische Und Klinische Wirkungen Des Kaffees. Supplementum 14, Darmstadt, 1972
- Karp HR, Heyman A, Heyden S, Bartel AG, Tyroler HA, Hames CG. Transient cerebral ischemia. Prevalence and prognosis in a biracial rural community. JAMA. 1973 Jul 9;225(2):125-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.225.2.125. No abstract available.
- Klein R, Klein BE, Cornoni JC, Maready J, Cassel JC, Tyroler HA. Serum uric acid. Its relationship to coronary heart disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease, Evans County, Georgia. Arch Intern Med. 1973 Sep;132(3):401-10. doi: 10.1001/archinte.132.3.401. No abstract available.
- Hyden S, Tyroler HA, Hames CG, Bartel A, Thompson JW, Krishan I, Rosenthal T. Diet treatment of obese hypertensives. Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl. 1973 Aug;45 Suppl 1:209s-12. doi: 10.1042/cs045209s. No abstract available.
- Hames CG. Hypertension in general practice. Prev Med. 1974 Sep;3(3):313-22. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(74)90042-5. No abstract available.
- Tyroler HA, Heyden S, Hames CG: Weight and Hypertension: Evans County Studies in Blacks and Whites. In Paul O (Ed) Epidemiology and Control of Hypertension, Second International Symposium on the Epidemiology of Hypertension, Chicago Heart Association, 1974
- Simpson MT, Olewine DA, Jenkins CD, Ramsey FH, Zyzanski SJ, Thomas G, Hames CG. Exercise-induced catecholamines and platelet aggregation in the coronary-prone behavior pattern. Psychosom Med. 1974 Nov-Dec;36(6):476-87. doi: 10.1097/00006842-197411000-00003. No abstract available.
- Garrison GE, Gullen WH, Connell CM. Migration of urbanites to small towns for medical care. JAMA. 1974 Feb 18;227(7):770-3. No abstract available.
- Hames CG: Most likely to Succeed as a Candidate for a Coronary Attack. New Horizons in Cardiovascular Practice, University Park Press, 1975
- Heyden S, Hames CG. [Diet therapy of elevated blood pressure values in overweight persons. Hypertension-intervention study: 1 year's report from the Evans-County (Ga.) study]. Med Welt. 1974 Dec 6;25(49):2041-3. No abstract available. German.
- Goldberg S, Krishan I, Hames CB, Knight M, Spierto FW. Elevated renin levels in normotensive adolescents. Pediatrics. 1974 Nov;54(5):596-8. No abstract available.
- Hames CG. Natural history of essential hypertension in Evans County, Georgia. Postgrad Med. 1974 Nov;56(6):119-25. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1974.11713908. No abstract available.
- Johnson AL, Cornoni JC, Cassel JC, Tyroler HA, Heyden S, Hames CG. Influence of race, sex and weight on blood pressure behavior in young adults. Am J Cardiol. 1975 Apr;35(4):523-30. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(75)90835-8.
- Klein B, Klein R, Haseman J, Maready J, Hames C. Corneal arcus and cardiovascular disease in Evans County, Georgia. Arch Intern Med. 1975 Apr;135(4):509-11.
- Deubner DC, Tyroler HA, Cassel JC, Hames CG, Becker C. Attributable risk, population attributable risk, and population attributable fraction of death associated with hypertension in a biracial population. Circulation. 1975 Nov;52(5):901-8. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.52.5.901.
- Tyroler HA, Hames CG, Krishan I, Heyden S, Cooper G, Cassel JC. Black-white differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins in Evans County. Prev Med. 1975 Dec;4(4):541-9. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(75)90040-7. No abstract available.
- Heyden S: Risk Factors of Ischemic Heart DIsease. Monogram, 1975
- Gryglewski RJ, Szczeklik A, Bieron K. Morphine antagonises prostaglandin E1- mediated inhibition of human platelet aggregation. Nature. 1975 Jul 3;256(5512):56-7. doi: 10.1038/256056a0. No abstract available.
- Jenkins CD, Thomas G, Olewine D, Zyzanski SJ, Simpson MT, Hames CG. Blood platelet aggregation and personality traits. J Human Stress. 1975 Dec;1(4):34-46. doi: 10.1080/0097840X.1975.9939551.
- Beaglehole R, Tyroler HA, Cassel JC, Deubner DC, Bartel AG, Hames CG. An epidemiological study of left ventricular hypertrophy in the biracial population of Evans County, Georgia. J Chronic Dis. 1975 Nov;28(10):549-59. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(75)90061-2. No abstract available.
- Beaglehole R, Heiss G, Tyroler HA, Cassel JC, Hames CG. Prevalence and incidence data in the assessment of the risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1975 Jul;102(1):55-62. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112134.
- Hames CG: Critique: Diet and Hyperlipidemia as Primary Etiological Factors in Ischemic Heart Disease. Henry I. Russek (Ed) in: Cardiovascular Problems, University Park Press, Baltimore, 1976
- Hames CG: A Study of Behavioral Modification and Physiological Response Their Possible Relationship to lschemic Heart Disease. Henry I. Russek (Ed) in: Cardiovascular Problems, University Park Press, Baltimore, 1976
- Berg K, Hames C, Dahlen G, Frick MH, Krishan I. Genetic lipoprotein variation and lipid levels in man. Clin Genet. 1976 Aug;10(2NA-NA-760903-760909):97-103. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1976.tb00020.x.
- Berg K, Hames C, Dahlen G, Frick MH, Krishan I. Genetic variation in serum low density lipoproteins and lipid levels in man. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Mar;73(3):937-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.3.937.
- Heyden S, Tyroler HA, Cassel JC, Hames CG, Becker C, Heiss G. Coffee consumption and mortality in a community study--Evans Co., Ga. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1976 Jun;15(2):143-50. doi: 10.1007/BF02018434.
- Olewine DA, Simpson MT, Ramsey FR, Thomas G, Hames CG: Submaximal Exercise Response to Plasma and Urinary Catecholamines in Young Adult Males of Different Aerobic Capacities. Physiologist, 19:(No. 3), August, 1976
- Chah CC, Caster WO, Combs GF, Hames CG, and Heyden S: Macro and Micro Elements and the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease. Trace Sub in Environ Health X, 1976
- Greene SB, Aavedal MJ, Tyroler HA, Davis CE, Hames CG. Smoking habits and blood pressure change: a seven year follow-up. J Chronic Dis. 1977 Jul;30(7):401-13. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(77)90034-0. No abstract available.
- Castelli WP, Doyle JT, Gordon T, Hames CG, Hjortland MC, Hulley SB, Kagan A, Zukel WJ. HDL cholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study. Circulation. 1977 May;55(5):767-72. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.55.5.767.
- Castelli WP, Doyle JT, Gordon T, Hames CG, Hjortland MC, Hulley SB, Kagan A, Zukel WJ. Alcohol and blood lipids. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study. Lancet. 1977 Jul 23;2(8030):153-5. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)90176-3.
- Farmer PK, Olewine DA, Comer DW, Edwards ME, Coleman TM, Thomas G, Hames CG: Frontalis Muscle Tension and Occipital Alpha Production in Young Males with Coronary Prone (Type A) and Coronary Resistant (Type B) Behavior Patterns: Effects of Exercise. Med and Sci in Sports, 10:51, 1978
- Hames CG, Heyden S, Prineas R, Heiss G, Comberg HU, Sneiderman CH: The Natural History of Hypertension in Evans County, Ga. ln: Athero- sclerosis: Its Pediatric Aspects, Grune & Stratton, 1978
- Heyden S, Manegold CH, Hames CG, and Patzschke U: Natriumbeschrankung als therapeutische und praventive maBnahme bei Hypertonie. Aktuelle Ernahrungsmedizin, June, 1978
- Heyden S, Tyroler HA, Heiss G, Hames CG, Bartel A. Coffee consumption and mortality. Total mortality, stroke mortality, and coronary heart disease mortality. Arch Intern Med. 1978 Oct;138(10):1472-5.
- Olewine DA, Thomas G, Simpson MT, Hames CG: 24 Hour Urinary Steroid Excretion Pattern in Young Males with Type A and Type B Behavior Patterns. Physiologist, 21:4, Aug, 1978
- Vergroesen AJ, Fleischman AI, Comberg HU, Heyden S, Hames CG. The influence of increased dietary linoleate on essential hypertension in man. Acta Biol Med Ger. 1978;37(5-6):879-83.
- Comberg HU, Stern B: Blutdrucksenkung Bei Linolsaurereicher Diat-Zwei Pilotstudien. Aktuelle Ernahrungsmedizin in Klinik Und Praxis. Ban 3, Heft 5, Oct, 1978
- Graham TW, Kaplan BH, Cornoni-Huntley JC, James SA, Becker C, Hames CG, Heyden S. Frequency of church attendance and blood pressure elevation. J Behav Med. 1978 Mar;1(1):37-43. doi: 10.1007/BF00846585.
- Goust JM, Chenais F, Carnes JE, Hames CG, Fudenberg HH, Hogan EL. Abnormal T cell subpopulations and circulating immune complexes in the Guillain-Barre syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1978 May;28(5):421-5. doi: 10.1212/wnl.28.5.421.
- Farmer PK, Olewine DA, Comer DW, Edwards M, Coleman TM, Thomas G, Hames CG: Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Recovery Frontalis Muscle Tension and Occipital Alpha Wave Production in College-Aged Males. ASB Bulletin, 25:(No. 2), 87, Apr 1978
- Manegold Ch, Patzsche U: Serumkalium Bei 198 MIT Benzothiadiazin (Chlorthalidon) Behandelten Essentiellen Hypertonikern Wahrend Vier Jahren. Herz Keizlaug, 10, Nr. 12 (1978)
- Fleischman AI, Comberg HU, Hames CG. Platelet function and hypertension in humans. J Med Soc N J. 1979 Jan;76(1):17-20. No abstract available.
- Heyden S, Heiss G, Manegold C, Tyroler HA, Hames CG, Bartel AG, Cooper G. The combined effect of smoking and coffee drinking on LDL and HDL cholesterol. Circulation. 1979 Jul;60(1):22-5. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.60.1.22.
- Elston RC, Namboodiri KK, Hames CG. Segregation and linkage analyses of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. Hum Hered. 1979;29(5):284-92. doi: 10.1159/000153059.
- Hames CG, Sauer HI. Cardiovascular disease death rates for counties in Georgia. J Med Assoc Ga. 1979 Nov;68(11):999-1001. No abstract available.
- Heyden S, Tyroler HA, Heiss G, Hames CG, Bartel A: Coffee Ingestion and Total Mortality Rates. Obesity Ger Med, 8:4, July-Aug, 1979
- Heyden S, Heyden F, Heiss G, Hames CG. Smoking and coffee consumption in three groups: cancer deaths, cardiovascular deaths and living controls. A prospective study in Evans County, Georgia. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32(9-10):673-7. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(79)90098-5. No abstract available.
- Patzschke U, Manegold C. [Electrocardiographic signs of hypokalemia under antihypertensive treatment (author's transl)]. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1979 Jul 10;68(28):908-15. No abstract available. German.
- Patzschke U, Manegold Ch: Essentiele Hypertonie: Gestaltwandel Unter Antihypertensiver Behandlung. Diagnostik 12:167-169, 1979
- Manegold Ch, Patzschke U: Ruckbildung Der Linesventrikularen Hypertrophie Im: Elektrokardiogram Wahrend Antihypertensiver Behandlung. George Thiese, Publishers, Stuttgard, 8, June, 1979
- Patzschke U, Manegold Ch, Wolff G: Ruckbildung Hypertoniebedingter Veranderungen Im: Elektrokardiogram Unter Antihypertensiver Behandlung. Therapeutische Mitteilung, Muncik, med. Wachr 1221, Nr, 23, 1979
- Grim CE, Luft FC, Miller JZ, Meneely GR, Battarbee HD, Hames CG, Dahl LK. Racial differences in blood pressure in Evans County, Georgia: relationship to sodium and potassium intake and plasma renin activity. J Chronic Dis. 1980;33(2):87-94. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(80)90032-6. No abstract available.
- Heyman A, Wilkinson WE, Heyden S, Helms MJ, Bartel AG, Karp HR, Tyroler HA, Hames CG. Risk of stroke in asymptomatic persons with cervical arterial bruits: a population study in Evans County, Georgia. N Engl J Med. 1980 Apr 10;302(15):838-41. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198004103021504.
- Cutter G, Heyden S, Kasteler J, Kraus JF, Lee ES, Shipley T, Stromer M. Mortality surveillance in collaborative trials. Am J Public Health. 1980 Apr;70(4):394-400. doi: 10.2105/ajph.70.4.394.
- Heyden S, Heiss G, Bartel AG, Hames CG. Sex differences in coronary mortality among diabetics in Evans County, Georgia. J Chronic Dis. 1980;33(5):265-73. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(80)90021-1. No abstract available.
- Dischinger P, Tyroler HA, McDonagh R Jr, Hames CG. Blood fibrinolytic activity, social class and habitual physical activity--I. A study of black and white men in Evans County, Georgia. J Chronic Dis. 1980;33(5):283-90. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(80)90023-5. No abstract available.
- Heyden S, Hames CG. Dietary effects on blood pressure. Nutr Metab. 1980;24 Suppl 1:50-64. doi: 10.1159/000176371.
- Heyden S, Hames CG, Talton I. Potassium-rich foods - do they do the hypertensive patient any good? J Med Assoc Ga. 1980 May;69(5):395-7. No abstract available.
- Heyden S, Heiss G, Hames CG, Bartel AG. Fasting triglycerides as predictors of total and CHD mortality in Evans County, Georgia. J Chronic Dis. 1980;33(5):275-82. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(80)90022-3. No abstract available.
- Tyroler HA, Heiss G, Schonfeld G, Cooper G, Heyden S, Hames CG. Apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and C-II in black and white residents of Evans County. Circulation. 1980 Aug;62(2):249-54. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.62.2.249.
- Deubner DC, Wilkinson WE, Helms MJ, Tyroler HA, Hames CG. Logistic model estimation of death attributable to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Evans County, Georgia. Am J Epidemiol. 1980 Jul;112(1):135-43. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112963.
- Szczeklik A, Dischinger P, Kueppers F, Tyroler HA, Hames CG, Cassel JC, Creagan S. Blood fibrinolytic activity, social class and habitual physical activity--II. A study of black and white men in Southern Georgia. J Chronic Dis. 1980;33(5):291-9. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(80)90024-7. No abstract available.
- Heiss G, Tyroler HA, Gunnells JC, McGuffin WL, Hames CG. Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in a biracial community: demographic, cardiovascular and familial factors. J Chronic Dis. 1980;33(5):301-10. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(80)90025-9. No abstract available.
- Kark JD, Smith AH, Hames CG. The relationship of serum cholesterol to the incidence of cancer in Evans County, Georgia. J Chronic Dis. 1980;33(5):311-32. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(80)90026-0. No abstract available.
- Tyroler HA: Editorial - John C. Cassel Memorial Symposium. J. Chronic Dis. 33:261, 1980
- Heyden S, Heiss G, Heyman A, Tyroler AH, Hames CG, Patzschke U, Manegold C. Cardiovascular mortality in transient ischemic attacks. Stroke. 1980 May-Jun;11(3):252-5. doi: 10.1161/01.str.11.3.252.
- Pandey JP, Tung E, Mathur S, Namboodiri KK, Wang AC, Fudenberg HH, Blattner WA, Elston RC, Hames CG. Linkage relationship between variable and constant region allotypic determinants of human immunoglobulin heavy chains. Nature. 1980 Jul 24;286(5771):406-7. doi: 10.1038/286406a0. No abstract available.
- Heyden S, Nelius SJ, Hames CG: Obesity, Salt Intake and Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Med. Nov, 1980
- Fogle TA, McKenzie WH. Cytogenetic study of a large black kindred: inversions, heteromorphisms, and segregation analysis. Hum Genet. 1980;55(3):345-52. doi: 10.1007/BF00290216.
- Andrews JW, Hames CG, Metts JC Jr, Waters L, Davis JM, Carpenter R. Relationships between selenium and other parameters in drinking water and blood of subjects from high and low cardiovascular disease rate areas of Georgia. J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1980 Sep;4(2-3):313-8.
- Tyroler HA, Heiss G, Heyden S, Hames CG. Family follow-up study of serum cholesterol in Evans County, Georgia. J Chronic Dis. 1980;33(5):323-30. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(80)90027-2. No abstract available.
- Andrews J, Hames CG, Metts J, Davis J: Status of Selenium, Cadmium and Glutathione Peroxidase in Blood of Cardiovascular Diseased and Normal Subjects from Rural and Urban Area of the Cardiovascular Part of Southeastern United States. Trace Substances Environ Health, Vol 14, D.D. Hemphill, University of Missouri Press, 1980
- Fogle TA, Namboodiri KK, Elston RC, McKenzie WH, Hames CG. Linkage relationships of biochemical markers to Q- and C-band variants in a large black kindred. Hum Genet. 1980;55(3):353-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00290217.
- Hames CG, Heyden S. Risk factors and hypertension. J Med Assoc Ga. 1981 May;70(5):337-8. No abstract available.
- Patzschke U, Wolff Ch, Muhlbaier LH, Manegold Ch: Serumpipide Bei Essentiellen Hypertonikern Unter Chlortalidontherapie. Therapiewoche, 31:3405-3414, 1981
- Kark JD, Smith AH, Switzer BR, Hames CG. Serum vitamin A (retinol) and cancer incidence in Evans County, Georgia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Jan;66(1):7-16.
- Kark JD, Smith AH, Switzer BR, Hames CG: Retinol, Carotene, and the Cancer Cholesterol Association. Lancet, June 20, 1981
- Kark JD, Smith AH, Hames CG. Serum retinol and the inverse relationship between serum cholesterol and cancer. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Jan 16;284(6310):152-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6310.152.
- Kraus JF, Conley A, Hardy R, Sexton M, Sweezy Z. Relationship of demographic characteristics of interviewers to blood pressure measurements. J Community Health. 1982 Fall;8(1):3-12. doi: 10.1007/BF01324392.
- Ockhuizen T, Pandey JP, Galbraith GM, Fudenberg HH, Hames CG. Autoantibodies and immunoglobulin allotypes in healthy North American Blacks of different age groups. Mech Ageing Dev. 1982 Jun;19(2):103-11. doi: 10.1016/0047-6374(82)90002-1.
- Wing S, Aubert RE, Hansen JP, Hames CG, Slome C, Tyroler HA. Isolated systolic hypertension in Evans county--I. Prevalence and screening considerations. J Chronic Dis. 1982;35(9):735-42. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(82)90097-2.
- Hames CG: Opportunities for Research in Family Practice. Proceedings of the Georgia Rural Health Conference, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia, Oct. 21 and 22, 1982
- Parkerson GR Jr, Barr DM, Bass M, Bland CJ, Froom J, Geyman JP, Hames C, McWhinney I, Medalie JH, Moore AS, Perkoff G, Rosenblatt R, Seifert MH Jr, Spitzer W, Williams T, Wood M. Meeting the challenge of research in family medicine: report of The Study Group on Family Medicine Research. J Fam Pract. 1982 Jan;14(1):105-113.
- Willett WC, Polk BF, Morris JS, Stampfer MJ, Pressel S, Rosner B, Taylor JO, Schneider K, Hames CG. Prediagnostic serum selenium and risk of cancer. Lancet. 1983 Jul 16;2(8342):130-4. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90116-2.
- Jenkins CD, Somervell PD, Hames CG. Does blood pressure usually rise with age? . . . Or with stress? J Human Stress. 1983 Sep;9(3):4-12. doi: 10.1080/0097840X.1983.9936124.
- Halfon ST, Hames CG, Heyden S. Corneal arcus and coronary heart disease mortality. Br J Ophthalmol. 1984 Aug;68(8):603-4. doi: 10.1136/bjo.68.8.603. No abstract available.
- Marazita ML, Elston RC, Namboodiri KK, Hames CG. Factors contributing to the variability in serum lipid levels and blood pressure in a large kindred. Am J Epidemiol. 1983 Dec;118(6):806-17. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113699.
- Davis CE, Knowles M, Kark J, Heyden S, Hames CG, Tyroler HA: Serum Cholesterol Levels and Cancer Mortality: Evans County Twenty-Year Followup Study. Am Oil Chemist Soc, Chapt. 55, pp. 892-900, 1983
- Willett WC, Polk BF, Underwood BA, Stampfer MJ, Pressel S, Rosner B, Taylor JO, Schneider K, Hames CG. Relation of serum vitamins A and E and carotenoids to the risk of cancer. N Engl J Med. 1984 Feb 16;310(7):430-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198402163100705.
- McAdam PA, Smith DK, Feldman EB, Hames C. Effect of age, sex, and race on selenium status of healthy residents of Augusta, Georgia. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1984 Feb;6(1):3-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02918316.
- Wright JS, Dever GE. Mortality in rural Georgia. J Med Assoc Ga. 1984 May;73(5):283-7, 291. No abstract available.
- Tyroler HA, Knowles MG, Wing SB, Logue EE, Davis CE, Heiss G, Heyden S, Hames CG. Ischemic heart disease risk factors and twenty-year mortality in middle-age Evans County black males. Am Heart J. 1984 Sep;108(3 Pt 2):738-46. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(84)90667-7.
- Heiss G, Schonfeld G, Johnson JL, Heyden S, Hames CG, Tyroler HA. Black-white differences in plasma levels of apolipoproteins: the Evans County Heart Study. Am Heart J. 1984 Sep;108(3 Pt 2):807-14. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(84)90676-8.
- Fudenberg HH, Whitten HD, Arnaud P, Khansari N, Tsang KY, Hames CG. Immune diagnosis of a subset of Alzheimer's disease with preliminary implications for immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother. 1984;38(6):290-7.
- Hames CG: A study in Contrast - The Highest and Lowest Geographical Areas of Longevity in the U.S. Scien Jrnl of Ga Baptist Med Center, Vol. IV, No. 1, July, 1984
- Tyroler HA. Overview of risk factors for coronary heart disease in black populations. Am Heart J. 1984 Sep;108(3 Pt 2):658-60. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(84)90651-3.
- Peleg I, Heyden S, Knowles M, Hames CG. Serum retinol and risk of subsequent cancer: extension of the Evans County, Georgia, study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984 Dec;73(6):1455-8.
- Tyroler HA, Hames CG: Hypertension and its Correlates in Relation to Twenty Year Mortality in Black Residents of Evans County, Ga. Saunders E, Hall WD, Shulman NB (Eds), in: Hypertension in Blacks; Epidemiology, Pathology, and Physiology and Treatment, Emory University School of Medicine, Chapter 3, 1985
- Baird DD, Tyroler HA, Heiss G, Chambless LE, Hames CG. Menopausal change in serum cholesterol. Black/white differences in Evans County, Georgia. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Dec;122(6):982-93. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114202.
- McAdam PA, Smith DK, Kuske TT, Teague RJ, Feldsman DS, Hames CG, Feldman EB: Selenium Status in Residents of Georgia, U.S.A. Nutr Res, Suppl 1, 144-146, 1985
- Curb JD, Borhani NO, Entwisle G, Tung B, Kass E, Schnaper H, Williams W, Berman R. Isolated systolic hypertension in 14 communities. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Mar;121(3):362-70. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114007.
- Curb JD, Borhani NO, Schnaper H, Kass E, Entwisle G, Williams W, Berman R. Detection and treatment of hypertension in older individuals. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Mar;121(3):371-6. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114008.
- Curb JD, Borhani NO, Blaszkowski TP, Zimbaldi N, Fotiu S, Williams W. Long-term surveillance for adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs. JAMA. 1985 Jun 14;253(22):3263-8.
- Peleg I, Morris S, Hames CG. Is serum selenium a risk factor for cancer? Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother. 1985;2(3):157-63. doi: 10.1007/BF02934543.
- Heyden S, Borhani NO, Tyroler HA, Schneider KA, Langford HG, Hames CG, Hutchinson R, Oberman A. The relationship of weight change to changes in blood pressure, serum uric acid, cholesterol and glucose in the treatment of hypertension. J Chronic Dis. 1985;38(4):281-8. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(85)90073-6.
- Hudy SP, Caster WO, Hames CG: Changes in Food and Nutrient Intake Patterns Observed in Older Men and Women in Evans County, Ga. J Clin Exp Gerontology, 7 (2) 99-113, 1985
- Wing S, Manton KG, Stallard E, Hames CG, Tryoler HA. The black/white mortality crossover: investigation in a community-based study. J Gerontol. 1985 Jan;40(1):78-84. doi: 10.1093/geronj/40.1.78.
- Johnson JL, Heineman EF, Heiss G, Hames CG, Tyroler HA. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality among black women and white women aged 40-64 years in Evans County, Georgia. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Feb;123(2):209-20. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114230.
- Schoenbach VJ, Kaplan BH, Fredman L, Kleinbaum DG. Social ties and mortality in Evans County, Georgia. Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Apr;123(4):577-91. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114278.
- Keil JE, Sutherland SE, Hames CG, Lackland DT, Gazes PC, Knapp RG, Tyroler HA. Coronary disease mortality and risk factors in black and white men. Results from the combined Charleston, SC, and Evans County, Georgia, heart studies. Arch Intern Med. 1995 Jul 24;155(14):1521-7.
- Knapp RG, Schreiner PJ, Sutherland SE, Keil JE, Gilbert GE, Klein RL, Hames C, Tyroler HA. Serum lipoprotein(a) levels in elderly black and white men in the Charleston Heart Study. Clin Genet. 1993 Nov;44(5):225-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1993.tb03887.x.
- White AD, Hames CG, Tyroler HA. Serum cholesterol and 20-year mortality in black and white men and women aged 65 and older in the Evans County Heart Study. Ann Epidemiol. 1992 Jan-Mar;2(1-2):85-91. doi: 10.1016/1047-2797(92)90041-n.
- Hames CG, Rose K, Knowles M, Davis CE, Tyroler HA. Black-white comparisons of 20-year coronary heart disease mortality in the Evans County Heart Study. Cardiology. 1993;82(2-3):122-36. doi: 10.1159/000175863.
- Arnett DK, Strogatz DS, Ephross SA, Hames CG, Tyroler HA. Greater incidence of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in black men than in white men in Evans County, Georgia. Ethn Dis. 1992 Winter;2(1):10-7.
- Heyden S, Bartel AG, Hames CG, McDonough JR: Elevated Blood Pressure Levels in Adolescents, Evans County, Ga. 1970 Year Book of Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery, 1970.
- Hypertension Control in Black Women Would Have Major Health Impact: lntern Med News, July 15-31, 1986. (published interview).
- Check WA. Interdisciplinary efforts seek hypertension causes, prevention, therapy in blacks. JAMA. 1986 Jul 4;256(1):11-3, 17. doi: 10.1001/jama.256.1.11. No abstract available.
- Olewine DA, Simpson MT, Jenkins CD, Ramsay FH, Zyzanski SJ, Thomas G, Hames CG: Catecholamines, Platelet Adhesiveness and the Coronary Prone. Psychiatric Spectator. VIII:No 5, April 1972
- Hames CG, Greenlund KJ. Ethnicity and cardiovascular disease: The Evans County heart study. Am J Med Sci. 1996 Mar;311(3):130-4. doi: 10.1097/00000441-199603000-00004. Erratum In: Am J Med Sci 1996 Jun;311(6):295.
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始
研究の完了 (実際)
試験登録日
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (見積もり)
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (見積もり)
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
詳しくは
この情報は、Web サイト clinicaltrials.gov から変更なしで直接取得したものです。研究の詳細を変更、削除、または更新するリクエストがある場合は、register@clinicaltrials.gov。 までご連絡ください。 clinicaltrials.gov に変更が加えられるとすぐに、ウェブサイトでも自動的に更新されます。