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Turkish Validation of the 9-Item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia

2026년 6월 23일 업데이트: Hatice Gül, Akdeniz University

Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the 9-Item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Pain

This observational methodological study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the 9-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-9) in individuals with chronic spinal pain. Chronic spinal pain is commonly associated with fear of movement, avoidance behavior, pain catastrophizing, and disability. Therefore, a short and practical Turkish measurement tool may be useful for both clinical assessment and research.

Participants with chronic neck or low back pain will complete self-report questionnaires, including the Turkish TSK-9, the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Fear-Avoidance Components Scale, and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. The Turkish TSK-9 will be administered again 7 days after the first assessment in a subgroup of participants to evaluate test-retest reliability.

No intervention, invasive procedure, clinical test, or laboratory test will be performed. Data will be collected online using Google Forms.

연구 개요

상태

완전한

정황

개입 / 치료

상세 설명

This study is an observational methodological validation study designed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the 9-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-9) in individuals with chronic spinal pain.

The original Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia is a widely used measure for evaluating fear of movement and reinjury in people with pain. However, shorter versions of the scale have been proposed in the literature, and the 9-item version includes two domains: activity avoidance and somatic focus. The purpose of this study is to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish TSK-9 in individuals with chronic neck or low back pain.

The study will be conducted online. Participants will be recruited through social media announcements and will complete the study questionnaires using Google Forms. Eligible participants will be adults aged 18 to 50 years who report chronic spinal pain lasting longer than 3 months and a self-reported pain intensity of at least 3 points on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale.

The first assessment will include sociodemographic and clinical questions, the Turkish TSK-9, the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Fear-Avoidance Components Scale, and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Pain intensity will be assessed both at rest and during activity. To evaluate test-retest reliability, the Turkish TSK-9 will be administered again 7 days after the first assessment in participants who agree to complete the second evaluation.

The study will include at least 90 participants. This sample size was determined according to the commonly used participant-to-item ratio of 10 participants per item for questionnaire validation studies. Since the TSK-9 includes 9 items, a minimum of 90 participants is planned.

Reliability will be examined using internal consistency and test-retest reliability analyses. Internal consistency will be assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability will be evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient, 95% confidence interval, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change. Construct validity will be examined by analyzing the correlations between the Turkish TSK-9 and measures of fear-avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance components, and pain intensity.

No treatment, intervention, invasive procedure, clinical test, or laboratory test will be applied in this study. Participation is voluntary, and the study is not expected to involve any physical risk or harm to participants.

연구 유형

관찰

등록 (실제)

90

연락처 및 위치

이 섹션에서는 연구를 수행하는 사람들의 연락처 정보와 이 연구가 수행되는 장소에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.

연구 장소

  • 터키 (Türkiye)
    • Konyaaltı
      • Antalya, Konyaaltı, 터키 (Türkiye), 07070
        • Akdeniz University

참여기준

연구원은 적격성 기준이라는 특정 설명에 맞는 사람을 찾습니다. 이러한 기준의 몇 가지 예는 개인의 일반적인 건강 상태 또는 이전 치료입니다.

자격 기준

공부할 수 있는 나이

  • 성인
  • 고령자

건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다

아니

샘플링 방법

비확률 샘플

연구 인구

The study population will consist of adults aged 18 to 65 years with chronic spinal pain, including chronic neck or low back pain lasting longer than 3 months. Participants will be recruited online through social media announcements and will complete the study questionnaires using Google Forms. Eligible participants will be individuals who report a pain intensity score of 3 or higher on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and who are able to read and understand Turkish.

설명

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being between 18 and 65 years of age
  • Having chronic spinal pain lasting longer than 3 months
  • Having neck or low back pain
  • Having a self-reported pain intensity score of 3 or higher on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale
  • Volunteering to participate in the study
  • Being able to read and understand Turkish

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of spinal surgery
  • History of vertebral fracture
  • Diagnosis of radiculopathy and/or disc herniation with neurological involvement
  • Use of analgesic medication within the last 7 days
  • History of cancer
  • Self-reported serious neurological disease
  • Self-reported serious psychiatric disease

공부 계획

이 섹션에서는 연구 설계 방법과 연구가 측정하는 내용을 포함하여 연구 계획에 대한 세부 정보를 제공합니다.

연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?

디자인 세부사항

코호트 및 개입

그룹/코호트
개입 / 치료
Patient with chronic spinal pain
다른: Questionnaire-based assessment
Participants will complete self-report questionnaires, including the Turkish 9-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Fear-Avoidance Components Scale, and Numeric Pain Rating Scale. The Turkish 9-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia will be administered again 7 days after the first assessment in a subgroup of participants to evaluate test-retest reliability. No treatment, invasive procedure, clinical test, or laboratory test will be performed.

연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?

주요 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Turkish version 9-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia
기간: Baseline and 7 days
The Turkish 9-item Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-9) is a self-report questionnaire used to assess fear of movement and reinjury in individuals with pain. The scale consists of 9 items and two domains: activity avoidance and somatic focus. Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). The activity avoidance domain includes 5 items and ranges from 5 to 20 points. The somatic focus domain includes 4 items and ranges from 4 to 16 points. Higher scores indicate greater kinesiophobia.
Baseline and 7 days

2차 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire
기간: Baseline
The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire is a self-report questionnaire used to assess fear-avoidance beliefs related to physical activity and work. It includes 16 items and two subscales: a physical activity subscale and a work subscale. Each item is scored on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (completely disagree) to 6 (completely agree). Higher scores indicate greater fear-avoidance beliefs.
Baseline
Pain Catastrophizing Scale
기간: Baseline
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale is a self-report questionnaire used to assess catastrophic thoughts and feelings related to pain. It consists of 13 items and includes three subscales. Each item is scored on a 5-point scale. The total score ranges from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater pain catastrophizing.
Baseline
Fear-Avoidance Components Scale
기간: Baseline
The Fear-Avoidance Components Scale is a self-report questionnaire used to assess cognitive, behavioral, and emotional components of fear avoidance in individuals with painful medical conditions. It consists of 20 items scored from 0 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree). The total score ranges from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate greater fear avoidance.
Baseline
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
기간: Baseline
The Numeric Pain Rating Scale is used to assess self-reported pain intensity. Participants rate their pain intensity on an 11-point scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Pain intensity will be assessed at rest and during activity. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
Baseline

공동 작업자 및 조사자

여기에서 이 연구와 관련된 사람과 조직을 찾을 수 있습니다.

스폰서

Akdeniz University

간행물 및 유용한 링크

연구에 대한 정보 입력을 담당하는 사람이 자발적으로 이러한 간행물을 제공합니다. 이것은 연구와 관련된 모든 것에 관한 것일 수 있습니다.

일반 간행물

연구 기록 날짜

이 날짜는 ClinicalTrials.gov에 대한 연구 기록 및 요약 결과 제출의 진행 상황을 추적합니다. 연구 기록 및 보고된 결과는 공개 웹사이트에 게시되기 전에 특정 품질 관리 기준을 충족하는지 확인하기 위해 국립 의학 도서관(NLM)에서 검토합니다.

연구 주요 날짜

연구 시작 (실제)

2025년 5월 17일

기본 완료 (실제)

2026년 5월 30일

연구 완료 (실제)

2026년 6월 5일

연구 등록 날짜

최초 제출

2026년 6월 23일

QC 기준을 충족하는 최초 제출

2026년 6월 23일

처음 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 6월 29일

연구 기록 업데이트

마지막 업데이트 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 6월 29일

QC 기준을 충족하는 마지막 업데이트 제출

2026년 6월 23일

마지막으로 확인됨

2026년 6월 1일

추가 정보

이 연구와 관련된 용어

키워드

추가 관련 MeSH 약관

기타 연구 ID 번호

  • TBAEK-613/03.07.2025

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD) 계획

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD)를 공유할 계획입니까?

아니요

IPD 계획 설명

Individual participant data will not be shared because the study data will be collected from human participants and may include potentially identifiable demographic and clinical information. Data will be used only by the research team for the purposes of this methodological validation study. Aggregate results will be reported in scientific publications without identifying any participant.

약물 및 장치 정보, 연구 문서

미국 FDA 규제 의약품 연구

아니

미국 FDA 규제 기기 제품 연구

아니

이 정보는 변경 없이 clinicaltrials.gov 웹사이트에서 직접 가져온 것입니다. 귀하의 연구 세부 정보를 변경, 제거 또는 업데이트하도록 요청하는 경우 register@clinicaltrials.gov. 문의하십시오. 변경 사항이 clinicaltrials.gov에 구현되는 즉시 저희 웹사이트에도 자동으로 업데이트됩니다. .

만성 척추 통증에 대한 임상 시험

Questionnaire-based assessment에 대한 임상 시험

유사한 임상시험 검색

스폰서 및 공동 작업자

건강 상태

약물 개입

CROs by country

CROs in Angola

정황

희귀 질병

약물 개입

식이 보충제

스폰서 / 협력자

위치

3
구독하다