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Comparison of IV Dexmedetomidine Versus Clonidine Versus no Alpha 2 Agonist on Emergency Delirium, PACU Length of Stay and Time to Hospital Discharge in Children Undergoing (Adeno)Tonsillectomy: a Prospective Observational Study (CLONIDEX)

2 november 2026 bijgewerkt door: Hélène De Cuyper, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel

Comparison of Intravenously Administered Dexmedetomidine Versus Clonidine Versus No Alpha-2 Agonist on Emergence Delirium, PACU Length of Stay, and Time to Hospital Discharge in Children Undergoing (Adeno)Tonsillectomy: A Prospective Observational Study

Emergence delirium (ED) is a frequent complication in children undergoing general anesthesia, particularly following ENT procedures such as adenotonsillectomy. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine, are commonly used in pediatric anesthesia for their sedative, analgesic, and ED-reducing properties.The purpose of this prospective observational study (CLONIDEX) is to evaluate and compare the occurrence of emergence delirium, Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) length of stay, and overall time to hospital discharge in pediatric patients undergoing (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes who receive intravenous dexmedetomidine, intravenous clonidine, or no alpha-2 agonist as part of their standard anesthetic care.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Background:

Emergence delirium (ED) in pediatric patients leads to increased post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) complications, distress for parents and staff, and potential physical injury. While both clonidine and dexmedetomidine are widely utilized alpha-2 agonists in pediatric practice, real-world prospective comparative data regarding their relative efficacy on ED incidence and recovery timelines remain limited.

Study Design and Methodology This is a single-center, prospective observational cohort study conducted at UZ Brussel. Because this is an observational study evaluating standard-of-care practices, the administration and choice of alpha-2-agonist (IV dexmedetomidine, IV clonidine, or no alpha-2-agonist) are left entirely to the discretion of the attending pediatric anesthesiologist.

Data Collection and Outcomes:

Pediatric patients undergoing elective (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes will be observed. Key demographic data, anesthetic techniques, and intraoperative co-analgesics will be recorded. Upon arrival in the PACU, emergence delirium will be systematically assessed using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale at set time intervals (arrival, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes). Secondary endpoints include PACU length of stay (measured against standardized discharge readiness criteria), total time to hospital discharge, requirement for rescue medication, and incidence of perioperative adverse events (such as postoperative nausea and vomiting, desaturation, or laryngospasm).

Studietype

Observationeel

Inschrijving (Geschat)

150

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Contact Back-up

Studie Locaties

    • Brussels Capital
      • Jette, Brussels Capital, België, 1090

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

2 jaar tot 12 jaar (Kind)

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie

Allemaal

Bemonsteringsmethode

Niet-waarschijnlijkheidssteekproef

Studie Bevolking

The study population consists of pediatric patients aged 2 to 12 years (ASA I-II) scheduled for elective ambulatory (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes under general anesthesia at UZ Brussel. Participants are selected from the daily operating room list in the day-surgery unit.

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children aged 2 to 12 years old.
  • Scheduled for elective (adeno)tonsillectomy or tonsillectomy (with or without concurrent myringotomy/tympanostomy tube insertion).
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II.
  • Surgery performed in an ambulatory / day-surgery setting under general anesthesia.
  • Written informed consent provided by parents or legal guardians.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Known hypersensitivity or allergy to clonidine, dexmedetomidine, or other alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.
  • Pre-existing severe cardiac conduction abnormalities, severe bradycardia, or hemodynamic instability.
  • Severe neurodevelopmental impairment, severe cognitive impairment, or active central nervous system disorders that preclude reliable assessment using the PAED scale.
  • Emergency tonsillectomy or active tonsillar hemorrhage.
  • Patients requiring planned postoperative intensive care unit (PICU) admission or extended inpatient monitoring.
  • Patient or parent/guardian refusal to participate.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Observatiemodellen: COHORT
  • Tijdsperspectieven: PROSPECTIVE

Cohorten en interventies

Groep / Cohort
Interventie / Behandeling
Dexmedetomidine Group

Pediatric patients undergoing elective (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes who receive intraoperative intravenous dexmedetomidine as part of standard anesthetic care, at the discretion of the attending anesthesiologist.

Standard of care intraoperative intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine. Dose, timing, and administration are determined solely by the attending anesthesiologist.

Clonidine Group

Pediatric patients undergoing elective (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes who receive intraoperative intravenous clonidine as part of standard anesthetic care, at the discretion of the attending anesthesiologist.

Standard of care intraoperative intravenous administration of clonidine. Dose, timing, and administration are determined solely by the attending anesthesiologist.

Control Group (No Alpha-2 Agonist)

Pediatric patients undergoing elective (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes who do not receive any intraoperative alpha-2 adrenergic agonist (dexmedetomidine or clonidine) as part of standard anesthetic care.

Standard anesthetic care during pediatric (adeno)tonsillectomy without administration of intraoperative alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Incidence and Severity of Emergence Delirium (ED)
Tijdsspanne: Assessed at PACU arrival (T0), and at 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 45 (T45), and 60 (T60) minutes post-operatively until PACU discharge.

Emergence delirium will be assessed using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The PAED scale consists of 5 items, with total scores ranging from 0 to 20, where higher scores indicate greater severity of delirium. A PAED score >= 10 (or >= 12) is defined as the presence of emergence delirium.

Assessed at PACU arrival (T0), and at 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 45 (T45), and 60 (T60) minutes post-operatively until PACU discharge.

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) Length of Stay
Tijdsspanne: From arrival at PACU until discharge readiness, assessed up to 2 hours post-operatively.

Time duration (in minutes) from arrival at the PACU until meeting formal criteria for discharge readiness (e.g., modified Aldrete or PADSS score).

From arrival at PACU until discharge readiness, assessed up to 2 hours post-operatively.
Total Time to Hospital Discharge
Tijdsspanne: From end of surgery until hospital discharge on Day 1 (up to 24 hours).

Time duration (in hours) from the end of anesthesia/surgery until actual discharge from the day-surgery clinic.

From end of surgery until hospital discharge on Day 1 (up to 24 hours).
Incidence of Rescue Medication Administration
Tijdsspanne: During the PACU stay, up to 2 hours post-operatively.

Proportion of patients requiring rescue medication in the PACU for severe emergence delirium or acute postoperative pain (e.g., propofol, opioids, or additional alpha-2 agonists).

During the PACU stay, up to 2 hours post-operatively.
Incidence of Perioperative Adverse Events
Tijdsspanne: From anesthesia induction until discharge from the day-surgery clinic (up to 24 hours).

Occurrence of airway or recovery complications including laryngospasm, oxygen desaturation (<92%), severe postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), or excessive sedation.

From anesthesia induction until discharge from the day-surgery clinic (up to 24 hours).

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Onderzoekers

  • Hoofdonderzoeker: Hélène De Cuyper, MD, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

1 december 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

31 mei 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

31 mei 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

28 oktober 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

28 oktober 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

3 november 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

4 november 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

2 november 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 november 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • CLONIDEX

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Beschrijving IPD-plan

Patient Privacy & GDPR Compliance:

The study involves a vulnerable pediatric population. Full individual participant data sets, even if pseudonymized, carry a risk of re-identification when combined with detailed clinical and surgical variables, which violates strict European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) standards and institutional patient privacy policies.

Absence of Informed Consent for Broad Public Data Sharing:

The informed consent process and ethics committee approval approved for this study specifically cover data collection and analysis by the designated investigation team at UZ Brussel. Participants' legal guardians did not consent to open-access public repository sharing or secondary use of their children's raw individual data by external third parties.

Institutional & Regulatory Restrictions:

In accordance with hospital policy and national regulatory frameworks governing single-center observational clinical research, raw patient-level data remain restricted.

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

Deze informatie is zonder wijzigingen rechtstreeks van de website clinicaltrials.gov gehaald. Als u verzoeken heeft om uw onderzoeksgegevens te wijzigen, te verwijderen of bij te werken, neem dan contact op met register@clinicaltrials.gov. Zodra er een wijziging wordt doorgevoerd op clinicaltrials.gov, wordt deze ook automatisch bijgewerkt op onze website .