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Comparison of IV Dexmedetomidine Versus Clonidine Versus no Alpha 2 Agonist on Emergency Delirium, PACU Length of Stay and Time to Hospital Discharge in Children Undergoing (Adeno)Tonsillectomy: a Prospective Observational Study (CLONIDEX)

2 novembre 2026 aggiornato da: Hélène De Cuyper, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel

Comparison of Intravenously Administered Dexmedetomidine Versus Clonidine Versus No Alpha-2 Agonist on Emergence Delirium, PACU Length of Stay, and Time to Hospital Discharge in Children Undergoing (Adeno)Tonsillectomy: A Prospective Observational Study

Emergence delirium (ED) is a frequent complication in children undergoing general anesthesia, particularly following ENT procedures such as adenotonsillectomy. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine, are commonly used in pediatric anesthesia for their sedative, analgesic, and ED-reducing properties.The purpose of this prospective observational study (CLONIDEX) is to evaluate and compare the occurrence of emergence delirium, Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) length of stay, and overall time to hospital discharge in pediatric patients undergoing (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes who receive intravenous dexmedetomidine, intravenous clonidine, or no alpha-2 agonist as part of their standard anesthetic care.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Non ancora reclutamento

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Background:

Emergence delirium (ED) in pediatric patients leads to increased post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) complications, distress for parents and staff, and potential physical injury. While both clonidine and dexmedetomidine are widely utilized alpha-2 agonists in pediatric practice, real-world prospective comparative data regarding their relative efficacy on ED incidence and recovery timelines remain limited.

Study Design and Methodology This is a single-center, prospective observational cohort study conducted at UZ Brussel. Because this is an observational study evaluating standard-of-care practices, the administration and choice of alpha-2-agonist (IV dexmedetomidine, IV clonidine, or no alpha-2-agonist) are left entirely to the discretion of the attending pediatric anesthesiologist.

Data Collection and Outcomes:

Pediatric patients undergoing elective (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes will be observed. Key demographic data, anesthetic techniques, and intraoperative co-analgesics will be recorded. Upon arrival in the PACU, emergence delirium will be systematically assessed using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale at set time intervals (arrival, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes). Secondary endpoints include PACU length of stay (measured against standardized discharge readiness criteria), total time to hospital discharge, requirement for rescue medication, and incidence of perioperative adverse events (such as postoperative nausea and vomiting, desaturation, or laryngospasm).

Tipo di studio

Osservativo

Iscrizione (Stimato)

150

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

Backup dei contatti dello studio

Luoghi di studio

    • Brussels Capital
      • Jette, Brussels Capital, Belgio, 1090

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

Da 2 anni a 12 anni (Bambino)

Accetta volontari sani

No

Sessi ammissibili allo studio

Tutto

Metodo di campionamento

Campione non probabilistico

Popolazione di studio

The study population consists of pediatric patients aged 2 to 12 years (ASA I-II) scheduled for elective ambulatory (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes under general anesthesia at UZ Brussel. Participants are selected from the daily operating room list in the day-surgery unit.

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children aged 2 to 12 years old.
  • Scheduled for elective (adeno)tonsillectomy or tonsillectomy (with or without concurrent myringotomy/tympanostomy tube insertion).
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II.
  • Surgery performed in an ambulatory / day-surgery setting under general anesthesia.
  • Written informed consent provided by parents or legal guardians.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Known hypersensitivity or allergy to clonidine, dexmedetomidine, or other alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.
  • Pre-existing severe cardiac conduction abnormalities, severe bradycardia, or hemodynamic instability.
  • Severe neurodevelopmental impairment, severe cognitive impairment, or active central nervous system disorders that preclude reliable assessment using the PAED scale.
  • Emergency tonsillectomy or active tonsillar hemorrhage.
  • Patients requiring planned postoperative intensive care unit (PICU) admission or extended inpatient monitoring.
  • Patient or parent/guardian refusal to participate.

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Modelli osservazionali: COHORT
  • Prospettive temporali: PROSPECTIVE

Coorti e interventi

Gruppo / Coorte
Intervento / Trattamento
Dexmedetomidine Group

Pediatric patients undergoing elective (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes who receive intraoperative intravenous dexmedetomidine as part of standard anesthetic care, at the discretion of the attending anesthesiologist.

Standard of care intraoperative intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine. Dose, timing, and administration are determined solely by the attending anesthesiologist.

Clonidine Group

Pediatric patients undergoing elective (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes who receive intraoperative intravenous clonidine as part of standard anesthetic care, at the discretion of the attending anesthesiologist.

Standard of care intraoperative intravenous administration of clonidine. Dose, timing, and administration are determined solely by the attending anesthesiologist.

Control Group (No Alpha-2 Agonist)

Pediatric patients undergoing elective (adeno)tonsillectomy with or without placement of myringotomy tubes who do not receive any intraoperative alpha-2 adrenergic agonist (dexmedetomidine or clonidine) as part of standard anesthetic care.

Standard anesthetic care during pediatric (adeno)tonsillectomy without administration of intraoperative alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Incidence and Severity of Emergence Delirium (ED)
Lasso di tempo: Assessed at PACU arrival (T0), and at 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 45 (T45), and 60 (T60) minutes post-operatively until PACU discharge.

Emergence delirium will be assessed using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The PAED scale consists of 5 items, with total scores ranging from 0 to 20, where higher scores indicate greater severity of delirium. A PAED score >= 10 (or >= 12) is defined as the presence of emergence delirium.

Assessed at PACU arrival (T0), and at 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 45 (T45), and 60 (T60) minutes post-operatively until PACU discharge.

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) Length of Stay
Lasso di tempo: From arrival at PACU until discharge readiness, assessed up to 2 hours post-operatively.

Time duration (in minutes) from arrival at the PACU until meeting formal criteria for discharge readiness (e.g., modified Aldrete or PADSS score).

From arrival at PACU until discharge readiness, assessed up to 2 hours post-operatively.
Total Time to Hospital Discharge
Lasso di tempo: From end of surgery until hospital discharge on Day 1 (up to 24 hours).

Time duration (in hours) from the end of anesthesia/surgery until actual discharge from the day-surgery clinic.

From end of surgery until hospital discharge on Day 1 (up to 24 hours).
Incidence of Rescue Medication Administration
Lasso di tempo: During the PACU stay, up to 2 hours post-operatively.

Proportion of patients requiring rescue medication in the PACU for severe emergence delirium or acute postoperative pain (e.g., propofol, opioids, or additional alpha-2 agonists).

During the PACU stay, up to 2 hours post-operatively.
Incidence of Perioperative Adverse Events
Lasso di tempo: From anesthesia induction until discharge from the day-surgery clinic (up to 24 hours).

Occurrence of airway or recovery complications including laryngospasm, oxygen desaturation (<92%), severe postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), or excessive sedation.

From anesthesia induction until discharge from the day-surgery clinic (up to 24 hours).

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Hélène De Cuyper, MD, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Stimato)

1 dicembre 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

31 maggio 2027

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

31 maggio 2027

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

28 ottobre 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

28 ottobre 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

3 novembre 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

4 novembre 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

2 novembre 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 novembre 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • CLONIDEX

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Descrizione del piano IPD

Patient Privacy & GDPR Compliance:

The study involves a vulnerable pediatric population. Full individual participant data sets, even if pseudonymized, carry a risk of re-identification when combined with detailed clinical and surgical variables, which violates strict European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) standards and institutional patient privacy policies.

Absence of Informed Consent for Broad Public Data Sharing:

The informed consent process and ethics committee approval approved for this study specifically cover data collection and analysis by the designated investigation team at UZ Brussel. Participants' legal guardians did not consent to open-access public repository sharing or secondary use of their children's raw individual data by external third parties.

Institutional & Regulatory Restrictions:

In accordance with hospital policy and national regulatory frameworks governing single-center observational clinical research, raw patient-level data remain restricted.

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .