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Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in Madagascar (TyMA): Evaluation of the Real-World Effectiveness of the Vi-CRM197 Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine in Madagascar (TyMA)

5 november 2026 bijgewerkt door: Rita Soares Barbosa Cardona

This study evaluates the real-world effectiveness, safety, and immunogenicity of a single dose of the Vi-CRM197 typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) delivered through a mass vaccination campaign in selected districts of Madagascar. The study targets individuals aged 9 months to 45 years living in defined catchment areas with a high burden of typhoid fever.

The project integrates three components: a population census with geographic mapping, a vaccination campaign using a WHO-prequalified Vi-CRM197 TCV, and prospective surveillance for typhoid fever. Vaccine effectiveness will be assessed by comparing the incidence of blood culture-confirmed Salmonella Typhi infection among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during follow-up. Additional outcomes include clinically suspected typhoid fever, severe disease, vaccine safety, immunogenicity, antibiotic use and consumption, and carriage of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers.

The study aims to generate real-world evidence to inform public health decision-making regarding typhoid vaccine introduction and its broader impact on disease burden and antimicrobial resistance in endemic settings.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Werving

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, remains a major public health problem in many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in settings with limited access to safe water and sanitation. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance further complicates treatment and underscores the importance of preventive strategies such as vaccination. Typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials, but data on their real-world effectiveness and broader population impact in African settings remain limited.

The TyMA study evaluates the impact of a mass vaccination campaign using a WHO-prequalified Vi-CRM197 TCV in selected districts of Madagascar. The study employs a population-based design integrating a baseline census, vaccination activities, and longitudinal surveillance.

Eligible individuals aged 9 months to 45 years will receive a single intramuscular dose of Vi-CRM197 during a community vaccination campaign.

Vaccine effectiveness will be assessed through both active and enhanced facility-based surveillance for typhoid fever over approximately three years Blood culture testing will be performed for suspected cases to identify laboratory-confirmed S. Typhi infection. Effectiveness estimates will be derived by comparing incidence rates between vaccinated individuals and unvaccinated controls within the censused population.

Subgroups of participants will be enrolled in additional cohorts to evaluate specific outcomes:

  • Safety cohort: Active monitoring for adverse events following vaccination
  • Immunogenicity cohort: Measurement of anti-Vi IgG antibody responses over time
  • Active follow-up subpopulation: Regular household visits to identify febrile illness and healthcare utilization
  • AMR cohort: Assessment of antimicrobial use, consumption, and carriage of antimicrobial resistance markers

Passive surveillance in selected healthcare facilities will complement active follow-up to capture cases presenting for care. Data on antibiotic prescribing, hospitalization, and clinical outcomes will also be collected.

The study will assess direct, indirect, and overall vaccine protection at the population level and explore the impact of vaccination on antimicrobial use and resistance patterns. Findings are expected to provide critical evidence to support national and regional policy decisions regarding typhoid vaccine introduction and strategies to mitigate antimicrobial resistance.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

60000

Fase

  • Fase 4

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

  • Naam: Florian Marks
  • Telefoonnummer: +82 10-8703-3813
  • E-mail: fmarks@ivi.int

Studie Locaties

      • Antananarivo, Madagascar
        • Werving
        • MIVR
        • Contact:

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

9 maanden tot 45 jaar (Kind, Volwassen)

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie

Allemaal

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 9 months to 45 years at the time of vaccination
  • Resident of the defined study catchment area in Madagascar
  • Parent(s), legal guardian, or participant (if adult) able and willing to provide written informed consent (and assent where applicable)
  • Willing to comply with study procedures and follow-up for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Any medical or social condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with participation or study procedures
  • Known allergy or hypersensitivity to any component of the Vi-CRM197 typhoid conjugate vaccine
  • Parent(s), legal guardian, or participant unwilling or unable to provide informed consent/assent

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Preventie
  • Toewijzing: NVT
  • Interventioneel model: Opdracht voor een enkele groep
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Vaccination Campaign: Vi-CRM197 Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine

Participants aged 9 months to 45 years residing in the defined catchment area will be offered a single intramuscular dose of the Vi-CRM197 typhoid conjugate vaccine as part of a population-based vaccination campaign. Vaccine effectiveness will be evaluated prospectively through active and facility-based surveillance for typhoid fever.

Single-dose Vi-CRM197 typhoid conjugate vaccine administered intramuscularly to age-eligible individuals during a mass vaccination campaign. The vaccine is WHO-prequalified and intended to prevent infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Incidence of blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever (Salmonella Typhi)
Tijdsspanne: From census enrollment up to 52 months

Incidence of typhoid fever defined as isolation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi from blood culture among individuals residing in the study catchment area. Vaccine effectiveness will be estimated by comparing incidence between individuals who received a single dose of Vi-CRM197 typhoid conjugate vaccine during the vaccination campaign and unvaccinated individuals within the censused population using active and enhanced facility-based surveillance.

From census enrollment up to 52 months

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Incidence of clinically suspected typhoid fever
Tijdsspanne: From census enrollment up to 52 months

Incidence of clinically suspected typhoid fever among residents of the study catchment area identified through active household surveillance and enhanced facility-based surveillance, regardless of laboratory confirmation. Comparisons will be made between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.

From census enrollment up to 52 months
Incidence of severe typhoid fever
Tijdsspanne: From census enrollment up to 52 months

Incidence of severe typhoid fever, including cases requiring hospitalization or presenting with severe complications, among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in the study population

From census enrollment up to 52 months
Solicited and unsolicited adverse events following vaccination
Tijdsspanne: Solicited adverse events: Days 0-7 post-vaccination of a subset of participants; Unsolicited adverse evetns : up to 28 days pos vaccination. Aerious adverse events: From vaccination enrollment up to 52 months

Occurrence of solicited local and systemic adverse events within 7 days after vaccination and unsolicited adverse events and serious adverse events during follow-up among participants receiving the Vi-CRM197 vaccine.

Solicited adverse events: Days 0-7 post-vaccination of a subset of participants; Unsolicited adverse evetns : up to 28 days pos vaccination. Aerious adverse events: From vaccination enrollment up to 52 months
Anti-Vi IgG antibody response following vaccination
Tijdsspanne: Baseline to 24 months post-vaccination

Immunogenicity assessed by seroconversion (≥4-fold rise in anti-Vi IgG titers from baseline) and geometric mean titers measured in a subset of vaccinated participants at predefined time points after vaccination.

Baseline to 24 months post-vaccination
Carriage of antimicrobial resistance markers
Tijdsspanne: Baseline to 12 months

Prevalence and changes in antimicrobial resistance markers in gastrointestinal and respiratory samples among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in a subset cohort.

Baseline to 12 months

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

23 juli 2023

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

1 december 2026

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

1 juni 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

2 november 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

5 november 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

12 november 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

12 november 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

5 november 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 november 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • TyMA-WS-03-2023

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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