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Smartphone Versus Back Range of Motion: Validity and Reliability in Lumbar Range of Motion Assessment

29 juni 2026 bijgewerkt door: Loay Akmal Ali, Cairo University

Clinimetric Properties of Smartphone Application as a Suitable Alternative to Back Range of Motion Device in Assessing the Back Range of Motion

This study aims to investigate the clinimetric properties of the iPhone Level application as a suitable alternative to the Back Range of Motion device in assessing lumbar range of motion, including flexion, extension, and lateral flexion.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Lumbaal pijnsyndroom

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Range of motion measurement is vital in physiotherapy for assessing deficits, establishing diagnoses, and planning interventions. Digital advancements now allow Range of motion assessment through devices and applications, such as the back range of motion, which is a gold standard for measuring lateral flexion due to its validity. Furthermore, studies indicate that the iPhone Level app effectively measures Range of motion in various joints, demonstrating good reliability and validity. This study aims to evaluate the reliability and concurrent validity of the iPhone Level application specifically for measuring lumbar flexion, extension, and side bending Range of motion.

Studietype

Observationeel

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

120

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

Egypte
- - Giza, Egypte, 12613
    - Cairo University

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Bemonsteringsmethode

Kanssteekproef

Studie Bevolking

Healthy University Students with normal BMI Healthy Male university students

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

Age 18-25 years old
Healthy Male university students
All participants have normal BMI

Exclusion Criteria:

Recent back, pelvic, or abdominal surgeries, traumatic injury to the back .
Lower limb deformities, e.g., leg length discrepancy.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Any overweight or obese participants

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat	Maatregel Beschrijving	Tijdsspanne
assessment of flexion and extension range of motion using inclinometer Tijdsspanne: at baseline	During lumbar flexion and extension measurements using the Back Range of Motion (BROM) device, patients stand upright with extended knees and feet approximately 17 centimeters apart. For flexion, they bend forward to touch the floor, while for extension, they bend backward with crossed arms. An inclinometer is secured over the sacrum, and its position is centered to record readings in degrees. An L-shaped slide arm measures the distance between the T12 and S1 spinous processes. The device isolates lumbar motion from pelvic motion, and the stationary flexion/extension unit minimizes errors, enhancing measurement accuracy.	at baseline
assessment of lateral flexion range of motion using inclinometer Tijdsspanne: at baseline	For measuring lumbar lateral flexion, the subject's sides are parallel to a wall to prevent compensatory forward trunk flexion. An inclinometer is secured over the sacral region at S1, using a belt for stability. A gravity goniometer is placed on the upper thoracic region to capture trunk angular displacement during side bending. The inclinometer is levelled and zeroed before movement, allowing for precise measurement of lateral lumbar movement while reducing thoracic and pelvic compensations. Accurate placement of the device is essential for reliable results. The subject slides their hand down the thigh, keeping weight on the opposite leg to ensure the measurement reflects true lateral flexion.measures]	at baseline

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat	Maatregel Beschrijving	Tijdsspanne
assessment of flexion and extension range of motion using smartphone Tijdsspanne: at baseline	To measure lumbar flexion range of motion (ROM) using the iPhone Level app, participants are positioned standing upright with feet shoulder-width apart. T12-L1 and S1-S2 spinal levels are identified through palpation and marked on the skin. The iPhone is placed at these levels to record angles during maximum lumbar flexion. Total lumbar flexion ROM is calculated by subtracting the angle at S1-S2 from T12-L1. Subjects perform maximum lumbar flexion and extension with straight knees, and measurements are taken across three trials.	at baseline
assessment of lateral flexion range of motion using smartphone Tijdsspanne: at baseline	During the measurement of lumbar side bending using the iPhone Level application, the subject will stand in a neutral upright position with feet shoulder-width apart and hands placed on the hips to prevent arm movement from influencing the measurement. The spinous processes of T12 and S2 are identified and marked on the skin. The iPhone is first placed and zeroed at the T12 level, and the subject is instructed to bend sideways (toward one side) as far as possible without lifting the heels or rotating the trunk. The device remains aligned at T12 to capture the angular displacement. The same procedure is repeated with the device positioned at S2, and the final lumbar side bending range of motion is calculated by subtracting the angle at S2 (pelvic movement) from that at T12 (trunk movement). This method isolates lumbar lateral flexion and has shown good reliability and validity in clinical settings	at baseline

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Cairo University

Medewerkers

October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

1 december 2025

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

1 maart 2026

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

12 mei 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

14 juni 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

29 juni 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

2 juli 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)