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Smartphone Versus Back Range of Motion: Validity and Reliability in Lumbar Range of Motion Assessment

29. juni 2026 opdateret af: Loay Akmal Ali, Cairo University

Clinimetric Properties of Smartphone Application as a Suitable Alternative to Back Range of Motion Device in Assessing the Back Range of Motion

This study aims to investigate the clinimetric properties of the iPhone Level application as a suitable alternative to the Back Range of Motion device in assessing lumbar range of motion, including flexion, extension, and lateral flexion.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

Range of motion measurement is vital in physiotherapy for assessing deficits, establishing diagnoses, and planning interventions. Digital advancements now allow Range of motion assessment through devices and applications, such as the back range of motion, which is a gold standard for measuring lateral flexion due to its validity. Furthermore, studies indicate that the iPhone Level app effectively measures Range of motion in various joints, demonstrating good reliability and validity. This study aims to evaluate the reliability and concurrent validity of the iPhone Level application specifically for measuring lumbar flexion, extension, and side bending Range of motion.

Undersøgelsestype

Observationel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

120

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Egypten
      • Giza, Egypten, 12613
        • Cairo University

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Prøveudtagningsmetode

Sandsynlighedsprøve

Studiebefolkning

Healthy University Students with normal BMI Healthy Male university students

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age 18-25 years old
  2. Healthy Male university students
  3. All participants have normal BMI

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Recent back, pelvic, or abdominal surgeries, traumatic injury to the back .
  2. Lower limb deformities, e.g., leg length discrepancy.
  3. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
  4. Any overweight or obese participants

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
assessment of flexion and extension range of motion using inclinometer
Tidsramme: at baseline
During lumbar flexion and extension measurements using the Back Range of Motion (BROM) device, patients stand upright with extended knees and feet approximately 17 centimeters apart. For flexion, they bend forward to touch the floor, while for extension, they bend backward with crossed arms. An inclinometer is secured over the sacrum, and its position is centered to record readings in degrees. An L-shaped slide arm measures the distance between the T12 and S1 spinous processes. The device isolates lumbar motion from pelvic motion, and the stationary flexion/extension unit minimizes errors, enhancing measurement accuracy.
at baseline
assessment of lateral flexion range of motion using inclinometer
Tidsramme: at baseline
For measuring lumbar lateral flexion, the subject's sides are parallel to a wall to prevent compensatory forward trunk flexion. An inclinometer is secured over the sacral region at S1, using a belt for stability. A gravity goniometer is placed on the upper thoracic region to capture trunk angular displacement during side bending. The inclinometer is levelled and zeroed before movement, allowing for precise measurement of lateral lumbar movement while reducing thoracic and pelvic compensations. Accurate placement of the device is essential for reliable results. The subject slides their hand down the thigh, keeping weight on the opposite leg to ensure the measurement reflects true lateral flexion.measures]
at baseline

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
assessment of flexion and extension range of motion using smartphone
Tidsramme: at baseline
To measure lumbar flexion range of motion (ROM) using the iPhone Level app, participants are positioned standing upright with feet shoulder-width apart. T12-L1 and S1-S2 spinal levels are identified through palpation and marked on the skin. The iPhone is placed at these levels to record angles during maximum lumbar flexion. Total lumbar flexion ROM is calculated by subtracting the angle at S1-S2 from T12-L1. Subjects perform maximum lumbar flexion and extension with straight knees, and measurements are taken across three trials.
at baseline
assessment of lateral flexion range of motion using smartphone
Tidsramme: at baseline
During the measurement of lumbar side bending using the iPhone Level application, the subject will stand in a neutral upright position with feet shoulder-width apart and hands placed on the hips to prevent arm movement from influencing the measurement. The spinous processes of T12 and S2 are identified and marked on the skin. The iPhone is first placed and zeroed at the T12 level, and the subject is instructed to bend sideways (toward one side) as far as possible without lifting the heels or rotating the trunk. The device remains aligned at T12 to capture the angular displacement. The same procedure is repeated with the device positioned at S2, and the final lumbar side bending range of motion is calculated by subtracting the angle at S2 (pelvic movement) from that at T12 (trunk movement). This method isolates lumbar lateral flexion and has shown good reliability and validity in clinical settings
at baseline

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Cairo University

Samarbejdspartnere

October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

1. december 2025

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

1. marts 2026

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

12. maj 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

14. juni 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

29. juni 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

2. juli 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

2. juli 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

29. juni 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. juni 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • P.T.REC/012/006199

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

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Kliniske forsøg med Lumbal smertesyndrom

Kliniske forsøg med easement tool 1 - BROM device

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Sponsorer og samarbejdspartnere

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Betingelser

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Kosttilskud

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Placeringer

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