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Multimålsrettet transkraniell likestrømsstimulering for komorbid depresjon og kronisk smerte: En multikenter randomisert kontrollert studie

1. september 2026 oppdatert av: Shanghai Mental Health Center

Transkraniell elektrisk stimulering for komorbid depresjon og smerte: Fra teknologisk utvikling til klinisk oversettelse i et multicenterforsøk

Denne kliniske studien har som mål å undersøke en ny ikke-farmakologisk intervensjon, transkraniell likestrømsstimulering (tDCS), for behandling av komorbid depresjon og smerte. De primære målene er å optimalisere nevrostimuleringsparametere gjennom et multikenter, randomisert kontrollert design og å belyse de underliggende nevrale krets-immuninteraksjonsmekanismene for denne komorbiditeten. Deltakere med komorbid depresjon og kronisk smerte vil bli tilfeldig tildelt for å motta aktiv multi-måltDCS eller placebo-stimulering. Intervensjonsperioden vil vare i 2 uker, etterfulgt av en serie oppfølgingsvurderinger etter behandling. Forskere vil sammenligne endringene i depresjonsalvorlighet (f.eks. vurdert med HAMD-24) og smerteintensitet (f.eks. NRS, BPI) på tvers av grupper for å evaluere effektiviteten. Sekundære utfall inkluderer smerteoppfatning, kvantitativ sensorisk test, fMRI, MEG, metabolske markører, nevrotransmitter- og inflammasjonsbiomarkører. Denne studien har som mål å tilby en presis, individualisert terapeutisk strategi, redusere avhengigheten av farmakoterapi og fremme utviklingen av innenlandske høykvalitets medisinske apparater.

Studieoversikt

Status

Rekruttering

Studietype

Intervensjonell

Registrering (Antatt)

160

Fase

  • Ikke aktuelt

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

    • Shanghai Municipality
      • Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, Kina, 200072
        • Rekruttering
        • Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital
        • Ta kontakt med:
      • Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, Kina, 200030
        • Rekruttering
        • Shanghai Mental Health Center
        • Ta kontakt med:
        • Ta kontakt med:

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Voksen
  • Eldre voksen

Tar imot friske frivillige

Nei

Beskrivelse

Inklusjonskriterier:

  1. Alder 18-65 år;
  2. Oppfylle diagnostiske kriterier for en depressiv episode i henhold til ICD-11, med nåværende milde til moderate depressive symptomer (HAMD-24 score ≥8 og ≤34);
  3. Rapportere vedvarende smerter som har vart ≥3 måneder og score ≥4 på punkt 5 i Brief Pain Inventory (BPI);
  4. Opprettholde en stabil antidepressiv medisinering og psykologisk behandlingsplan (inkludert dose, legemiddeltype eller terapeutisk tilnærming) i minst fire uker før inkludering;
  5. Høyrehendt, med normalt hørsel, syn eller korrigert syn;
  6. I stand til å frivillig gi skriftlig informert samtykke til å delta i studien og villig og i stand til å følge alle studieprosedyrer.

Eksklusjonskriterier:

  1. Diagnostisert med andre psykiske lidelser, inkludert schizofrenispektrumlidelser, bipolar I-lidelse (på grunn av potensiell risiko for maniske episoder og kontraindikasjon for litium eller antikonvulsiva), primære angstlidelser, depresjon assosiert med alvorlig somatisk sykdom, etc.
  2. Aktiv suicidal ideasjon, definert som en score på 4 på punkt 3 i HAMD-24.
  3. Alvorlig eller behandlingsresistent depresjon (HAMD-24 score ≥35, med nåværende depressiv episode som har vart minst 2 år eller manglende respons på to eller flere antidepressiva behandlinger under nåværende episode).
  4. Stoffmisbrukslidelse innen de siste 3 månedene.
  5. Opplevelse av malign smerte på grunn av kreftsmerte syndrom, viscerale smerter (f.eks. magesmerter), eller referert smerte (f.eks. ryggsmerter fra pankreatitt).
  6. Neurologiske lidelser assosiert med strukturelle hjerneavvik (f.eks. traumatisk hjerneskade, nylig hjerneslag, hjernetumor).
  7. Har gjennomgått nevromodulasjonsbehandlinger innen de siste 3 månedene, inkludert elektrokonvulsiv terapi (MECT), repetitiv transkraniell magnetisk stimulering (rTMS), eller transkraniell elektrisk stimulering (tES).
  8. Kontraindikasjoner for transkraniell elektrisk stimulering (f.eks. intrakranielle metallimplantater, hjertepacemaker, cochleært implantat, hudlæsjoner på stimuleringssteder, personlig eller familiehistorie med epilepsi).
  9. Nåværende eller innen de siste 1 måned bruk av medisiner som påvirker sentralnervesystemets eksitabilitet eller smerte, som antikonvulsiva, litium, opioider, ikke-steroide antiinflammatoriske legemidler, og antipsykotika. Tilfeldig bruk ved behov av paracetamol som redningsmedisin er tillatt, men må dokumenteres i detalj i studiedagboken.
  10. Tegn på demens eller annen alvorlig kognitiv svikt (MoCA score <17).
  11. Alvorlige eller ustabile somatiske sykdommer, inkludert men ikke begrenset til: neurologiske lidelser (f.eks. epilepsi, hjerneslag, migrene, historie med kraniektomi); hjerte- og karsykdommer (f.eks. ukontrollert hypertensjon, hjertesvikt, arytmi, hjerteinfarkt); respirasjonslidelser (f.eks. alvorlig søvnapnesyndrom); malignitet eller immunsvekkelse; ukontrollert diabetes (fastende blodsukker >12 mmol/L).
  12. Graviditet eller amming.
  13. Samtidig deltakelse i en annen klinisk studie, deltakelse i en hvilken som helst klinisk studie innen de siste 90 dagene, eller planlagt deltakelse i en annen studie under studieperioden.
  14. Eventuelle kontraindikasjoner for magnetresonanstomografi (f.eks. metallimplantater, klaustrofobi, respirasjons- eller motoriske funksjonsnedsettelser).
  15. Manglende evne til å samarbeide med studievurderinger.

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomisert
  • Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
  • Masking: Trippel

Våpen og intervensjoner

Deltakergruppe / Arm
Intervensjon / Behandling
Eksperimentell: tDCS
Participants receive active tDCS. The anodal electrode is placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3), and the cathodal electrode is placed over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F4). A constant current of 2 mA is applied for 40 minutes per session, with a 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down period. The intervention is administered once daily for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Participants receive active tDCS. The anodal electrode (5 × 5 cm) is placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3), and the cathodal electrode (5 × 7 cm) is placed over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F4). A constant current of 2 mA is applied for 40 minutes per session, with a 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down period. The intervention is administered once daily for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Eksperimentell: alpha-tACS
Participants receive active alpha-tACS. Two electrodes are placed over F3 and F4. A sinusoidal alternating current at 10 Hz frequency (alpha band) is applied 1 mA (zero-to-peak) at the F3 and F4 electrodes. Stimulation duration is 40 minutes per session, including 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down periods. The intervention is administered once daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Participants receive active alpha-tACS. Two electrodes are placed over F3 and F4. A sinusoidal alternating current at 10 Hz frequency (alpha band) is applied 1 mA (zero-to-peak) at the F3 and F4 electrodes. Stimulation duration is 40 minutes per session, including 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down periods. The intervention is administered once daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Sham-komparator: Sham
Sham group using the same electrode montage at F3/F4. To maintain blinding, the stimulator delivers current only during the initial 30-second ramp-up period, followed by an immediate ramp-down, and a final 30-second ramp-up at the end of the stimulation session. This mimics the initial sensation of active stimulation without delivering sufficient current to induce neural modulation.
Sham group using the same electrode montage at F3/F4. To maintain blinding, the stimulator delivers current only during the initial 30-second ramp-up period, followed by an immediate ramp-down, and a final 30-second ramp-up at the end of the stimulation session. This mimics the initial sensation of active stimulation without delivering sufficient current to induce neural modulation.
Eksperimentell: Exploratory Open-Label tACS Group
Participants in this exploratory arm receive the same active tACS intervention as Arm alpha-tACS, with identical stimulation parameters (e.g., 1 mA, 40 minutes, 10 Hz, targeting the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)). This arm is open-label (unblinded): participants and study personnel are aware of the treatment assignment. It serves as a supplementary exploratory cohort to explore preliminary neural oscillation entrainment effects of tACS. Unlike Arms 1-3, this arm is neither randomized nor blinded. Data from this arm will be analyzed separately and are not included in the primary confirmatory hypothesis testing of the randomized controlled trial. The overall study remains double-blind for the three-arm RCT component, with this exploratory arm conducted as an ancillary cohort.
Participants receive active alpha-tACS. Two electrodes are placed over F3 and F4. A sinusoidal alternating current at 10 Hz frequency (alpha band) is applied 1 mA (zero-to-peak) at the F3 and F4 electrodes. Stimulation duration is 40 minutes per session, including 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down periods. The intervention is administered once daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Proportion of Participants Achieving MCID on BPI Pain Intensity Subscale
Tidsramme: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline

Description:

The BPI is a validated self-administered questionnaire that assesses the severity of pain and its impact on daily functioning. The pain intensity subscale consists of four items rating pain at its "worst," "least," "average," and "current" (right now). Each item is rated on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

The Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is defined as a reduction of ≥ 1 point from baseline in the BPI pain intensity score. The outcome is the proportion of participants in each group who achieve this MCID threshold at each follow-up time point.

At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Percentage Reduction from Baseline in HAMD-17 Total Score
Tidsramme: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline

The HAMD-17 is a 17-item clinician-rated scale assessing depression severity. Items are rated on 3- or 5-point scales, with total scores ranging from 0 to 52. Higher scores mean a worse outcome (greater depression severity).

The outcome is the percentage reduction in HAMD-17 total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated using the formula:

[(Baseline score - Follow-up score) / Baseline score] × 100%

A positive percentage indicates improvement (reduction in depressive symptoms).

At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
Change from Baseline in HAMD-17 Total Score
Tidsramme: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) is a 17-item clinician-rated scale assessing depression severity. Items are rated on 3- or 5-point scales, with total scores ranging from 0 to 52. Higher scores indicate greater depression severity (worse outcome). The outcome is the absolute change in the total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated as: [(Baseline score) - (Follow-up score)]. A positive change value indicates improvement (reduction in depressive symptoms). No pre-defined clinically meaningful threshold is applied to this continuous outcome; it is reported as the mean absolute change per group.
At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)
Change from Baseline in Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) Total Score
Tidsramme: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-reported questionnaire. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 4 (all the time), with total scores ranging from 0 to 52. Higher scores indicate higher levels of pain catastrophizing (worse outcome). The outcome is the absolute change in the total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated as: [(Baseline score) - (Follow-up score)]. A positive change value indicates improvement (reduction in pain catastrophizing).
At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
Change from Baseline in Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) Total Score
Tidsramme: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
The GAD-7 is a 7-item self-report scale (0-21, higher scores = worse outcome) assessing anxiety symptoms over the past two weeks. The outcome is the absolute change in the total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated as: [(Baseline score) - (Follow-up score)].
At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
Change from Baseline in Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Total Score
Tidsramme: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)

The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale consists of two clinician-rated subscales assessing overall treatment response:

CGI-Severity (CGI-S): Rates the severity of the patient's illness on a 7-point scale from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

CGI-Improvement (CGI-I): Rates the patient's improvement compared to baseline on a 7-point scale from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). This subscale is only assessed at post-baseline time points. Lower scores mean a better outcome (greater improvement).

The outcome is the change from baseline in CGI-S score at each follow-up time point, and the CGI-I score at each post-baseline time point.

At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)
Change from Baseline in Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the DLPFC at 2 Weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline and immediately after the 2-week intervention period
Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The primary measurement is the change in seed-based functional connectivity strength between the DLPFC and its target network regions (e.g., parietal cortex, default mode network nodes), quantified as Fisher-transformed correlation coefficients (z-values) from a priori defined regions of interest. Higher z-values indicate stronger positive functional connectivity; lower or negative values indicate weaker or anticorrelated connectivity. Structural MRI (sMRI) is acquired for co-registration and normalization purposes.
Baseline and immediately after the 2-week intervention period

Andre resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change from Baseline in Brain-Derived Exosome Metabolite Levels
Tidsramme: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Metabolite profiles are measured using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in plasma-derived brain-enriched exosomes. Changes in metabolite profiles from baseline to post-intervention are assessed using multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The primary comparison is the separation distance (e.g., Q² or R² values) between baseline and post-intervention clusters, with positive values indicating greater separation between the two time points. This is an exploratory outcome to identify potential metabolic biomarkers and generate hypotheses related to the mechanisms of tACS/tDCS action. Results will be reported descriptively and are not part of the primary confirmatory analysis.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in BPI Pain Intensity Score in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsramme: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
This exploratory outcome measures the change from baseline in the BPI Pain Intensity score after 10 sessions of active tACS in the open-label arm. Data are reported descriptively as individual change values, mean change, standard deviation, and within-group effect size (Cohen's d) . No formal hypothesis testing is planned; the results will inform effect size estimation for future trial planning.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in HAMD-17 Total Score in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsramme: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
This exploratory outcome measures the change from baseline in HAMD-17 total score after 10 sessions of active tACS in the open-label arm. Data are reported descriptively as individual change values, mean change, standard deviation, and within-group effect size (Cohen's d). No formal hypothesis testing is planned; the results will inform effect size estimation for future trial planning.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in GAD-7 Total Score in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsramme: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
This exploratory outcome measures the change from baseline in GAD-7 total score after 10 sessions of active tACS in the open-label arm. Data are reported descriptively as individual change values, mean change, standard deviation, and within-group effect size (Cohen's d). No formal hypothesis testing is planned. GAD-7 scores will also be explored as a covariate in pain outcome analyses.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in Resting-State EEG Power Spectra in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsramme: Baseline, Day 1 (immediately before and after the 1st tACS session), Day 10 (immediately before and after the 10th tACS session), and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)
Resting-state EEG is recorded for 5 minutes with eyes open and 5 minutes with eyes closed using a 64-channel EEG system. The primary measure is the change from baseline in spectral power (absolute and relative) across frequency bands (delta: 1-4 Hz, theta: 4-8 Hz, alpha: 8-12 Hz, beta: 12-30 Hz, gamma: 30-50 Hz), with a focus on the alpha band (8-12 Hz) due to the 10 Hz tACS intervention. Data are analyzed descriptively without formal hypothesis testing.
Baseline, Day 1 (immediately before and after the 1st tACS session), Day 10 (immediately before and after the 10th tACS session), and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)
Change from Baseline in Task-State EEG (Event-Related Potentials) in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 tACS sessions)
Task-state EEG is recorded while participants perform a cognitive task (e.g., working memory or attention task). The primary measure is the change from baseline in event-related potential (ERP) components and task-related spectral power changes (event-related desynchronization/synchronization). Data are analyzed descriptively without formal hypothesis testing.
Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 tACS sessions)
Change from Baseline in Resting-State EEG Functional Connectivity in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsramme: Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)
Resting-state EEG functional connectivity is assessed using coherence and phase-locking value (PLV) between electrode pairs, with a focus on the alpha band and the DLPFC region. Data are analyzed descriptively without formal hypothesis testing.
Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

Det er her du vil finne personer og organisasjoner som er involvert i denne studien.

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Antatt)

1. november 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

1. februar 2028

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

1. juni 2028

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

3. januar 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

3. januar 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

12. januar 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

4. september 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

1. september 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. desember 2025

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Plan for individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)

Planlegger du å dele individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)?

JA

Legemiddel- og utstyrsinformasjon, studiedokumenter

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert medikamentprodukt

Nei

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert enhetsprodukt

Nei

Denne informasjonen ble hentet direkte fra nettstedet clinicaltrials.gov uten noen endringer. Hvis du har noen forespørsler om å endre, fjerne eller oppdatere studiedetaljene dine, vennligst kontakt register@clinicaltrials.gov. Så snart en endring er implementert på clinicaltrials.gov, vil denne også bli oppdatert automatisk på nettstedet vårt. .

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