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Multimålsriktad transkraniell likströmsstimulering för komorbid depression och kronisk smärta: En multicenter randomiserad kontrollerad studie

1 september 2026 uppdaterad av: Shanghai Mental Health Center

Transkraniell elektrisk stimulering för komorbid depression och smärta: Från teknisk utveckling till klinisk implementering i en multicenterstudie

Denna kliniska prövning syftar till att undersöka en innovativ icke-farmakologisk intervention, transkraniell likströmstimulering (tDCS) för behandling av komorbid depression och smärta. De primära målen är att optimera neurostimuleringsparametrar genom en multicenter randomiserad kontrollerad design och att klargöra de underliggande neurala krets-immuninteraktionsmekanismerna för denna komorbiditet. Deltagare med komorbid depression och kronisk smärta kommer att slumpmässigt tilldelas att få aktiv multi-target tES eller placebo-stimulering. Interventionsperioden kommer att pågå i 2 veckor, följt av en serie av efterbehandlingsuppföljningsbedömningar. Forskare kommer att jämföra förändringarna i depressionssvårighetsgrad (t.ex. bedömd med HAMD-24) och smärtintensitet (t.ex. NRS, BPI) mellan grupperna för att utvärdera effektiviteten. Sekundära utfallsmått inkluderar smärtuppfattning, kvantitativa sensoriska tester, fMRI, MEG, metabola markörer, neurotransmittor- och inflammationsbiomarkörer. Denna studie syftar till att tillhandahålla en precis, individualiserad terapeutisk strategi, minska beroendet av farmakoterapi och främja utvecklingen av inhemska högteknologiska medicinska apparater.

Studieöversikt

Status

Rekrytering

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

160

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studiekontakt

Studieorter

    • Shanghai Municipality
      • Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, Kina, 200072
        • Rekrytering
        • Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital
        • Kontakt:
      • Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, Kina, 200030
        • Rekrytering
        • Shanghai Mental Health Center
        • Kontakt:
        • Kontakt:

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Vuxen
  • Äldre vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Beskrivning

Inklusionskriterier:

  1. Ålder 18–65 år;
  2. Uppfyller diagnostiska kriterier för en depressiv episod enligt ICD-11, med nuvarande lätt till måttliga depressiva symptom (HAMD-24 poäng ≥8 och ≤34);
  3. Rapporterar ihållande smärta som varat ≥3 månader och poäng ≥4 på punkt 5 i Brief Pain Inventory (BPI);
  4. Upprätthåller en stabil behandlingsplan med antidepressiva läkemedel och psykologisk behandling (inklusive dos, läkemedelstyp eller terapeutisk metod) under minst fyra veckor före inkludering;
  5. Högerhänt, med normal hörsel, syn eller korrigerad syn;
  6. Kan frivilligt ge skriftligt informerat samtycke för att delta i studien och är villig och kapabel att följa alla studieprocedurer.

Exklusionskriterier:

  1. Diagnostiserad med andra psykiatriska störningar, inklusive schizofrenispektrumstörningar, bipolär I-störning (på grund av potentiell risk för maniska episoder och kontraindikation för litium eller antikonvulsiva), primära ångeststörningar, depression associerad med allvarlig somatisk sjukdom, etc.
  2. Aktivt självmordstankar, definierat som poäng 4 på punkt 3 i HAMD-24.
  3. Allvarlig eller behandlingsresistent depression (HAMD-24 poäng ≥35, med nuvarande depressiv episod som varat minst 2 år eller misslyckande med att svara på två eller fler antidepressiva behandlingar under nuvarande episod).
  4. Substansbrukssyndrom inom de senaste 3 månaderna.
  5. Upplevelse av malign smärta på grund av cancersmärtsyndrom, visceralsmärta (t.ex. magsmärta) eller refererad smärta (t.ex. ryggsmärta från bukspottkörtelinflammation).
  6. Neurologiska störningar associerade med strukturella hjärnavvikelser (t.ex. traumatisk hjärnskada, nyligen stroke, hjärntumör).
  7. Genomgått neuromodulerande behandlingar inom de senaste 3 månaderna, inklusive elektrokonvulsiv terapi (MECT), repetitiv transkraniell magnetstimulering (rTMS) eller transkraniell elektrisk stimulering (tES).
  8. Kontraindikationer mot transkraniell elektrisk stimulering (t.ex. intrakraniella metallimplantat, hjärtstimulator, cochleaimplantat, hudläsioner på stimuleringsställen, personlig eller familjehistoria av epilepsi).
  9. Nuvarande eller inom de senaste 1 månaden användning av läkemedel som påverkar centrala nervsystemets excitabilitet eller smärta, såsom antikonvulsiva, litium, opioider, icke-steroida antiinflammatoriska läkemedel och antipsykotika. Tillfällig användning av paracetamol vid behov som räddningsmedicin är tillåten men måste dokumenteras i detalj i studiedagboken.
  10. Tecken på demens eller annan allvarlig kognitiv nedsättning (MoCA poäng <17).
  11. Allvarliga eller instabila somatiska sjukdomar, inklusive men inte begränsat till: neurologiska störningar (t.ex. epilepsi, stroke, migrän, historia av kranialkirurgi); hjärt-kärlsjukdomar (t.ex. okontrollerad hypertoni, hjärtsvikt, arytmi, hjärtinfarkt); respiratoriska störningar (t.ex. allvarligt sömnapnesyndrom); malignitet eller immunokomprometterad status; okontrollerad diabetes (fastande blodsocker >12 mmol/L).
  12. Graviditet eller amning.
  13. Samtidigt deltagande i en annan klinisk prövning, deltagande i någon klinisk prövning inom de senaste 90 dagarna, eller planerat deltagande i en annan prövning under studieperioden.
  14. Några kontraindikationer mot magnetresonanstomografi (t.ex. metallimplantat, klaustrofobi, respiratoriska eller motoriska funktionsnedsättningar).
  15. Oförmåga att samarbeta med studiebedömningar.

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Behandling
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Trippel

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: tDCS
Participants receive active tDCS. The anodal electrode is placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3), and the cathodal electrode is placed over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F4). A constant current of 2 mA is applied for 40 minutes per session, with a 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down period. The intervention is administered once daily for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Participants receive active tDCS. The anodal electrode (5 × 5 cm) is placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3), and the cathodal electrode (5 × 7 cm) is placed over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F4). A constant current of 2 mA is applied for 40 minutes per session, with a 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down period. The intervention is administered once daily for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Experimentell: alpha-tACS
Participants receive active alpha-tACS. Two electrodes are placed over F3 and F4. A sinusoidal alternating current at 10 Hz frequency (alpha band) is applied 1 mA (zero-to-peak) at the F3 and F4 electrodes. Stimulation duration is 40 minutes per session, including 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down periods. The intervention is administered once daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Participants receive active alpha-tACS. Two electrodes are placed over F3 and F4. A sinusoidal alternating current at 10 Hz frequency (alpha band) is applied 1 mA (zero-to-peak) at the F3 and F4 electrodes. Stimulation duration is 40 minutes per session, including 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down periods. The intervention is administered once daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).
Sham Comparator: Sham
Sham group using the same electrode montage at F3/F4. To maintain blinding, the stimulator delivers current only during the initial 30-second ramp-up period, followed by an immediate ramp-down, and a final 30-second ramp-up at the end of the stimulation session. This mimics the initial sensation of active stimulation without delivering sufficient current to induce neural modulation.
Sham group using the same electrode montage at F3/F4. To maintain blinding, the stimulator delivers current only during the initial 30-second ramp-up period, followed by an immediate ramp-down, and a final 30-second ramp-up at the end of the stimulation session. This mimics the initial sensation of active stimulation without delivering sufficient current to induce neural modulation.
Experimentell: Exploratory Open-Label tACS Group
Participants in this exploratory arm receive the same active tACS intervention as Arm alpha-tACS, with identical stimulation parameters (e.g., 1 mA, 40 minutes, 10 Hz, targeting the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)). This arm is open-label (unblinded): participants and study personnel are aware of the treatment assignment. It serves as a supplementary exploratory cohort to explore preliminary neural oscillation entrainment effects of tACS. Unlike Arms 1-3, this arm is neither randomized nor blinded. Data from this arm will be analyzed separately and are not included in the primary confirmatory hypothesis testing of the randomized controlled trial. The overall study remains double-blind for the three-arm RCT component, with this exploratory arm conducted as an ancillary cohort.
Participants receive active alpha-tACS. Two electrodes are placed over F3 and F4. A sinusoidal alternating current at 10 Hz frequency (alpha band) is applied 1 mA (zero-to-peak) at the F3 and F4 electrodes. Stimulation duration is 40 minutes per session, including 30-second ramp-up and ramp-down periods. The intervention is administered once daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks (total of 10 sessions).

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Proportion of Participants Achieving MCID on BPI Pain Intensity Subscale
Tidsram: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline

Description:

The BPI is a validated self-administered questionnaire that assesses the severity of pain and its impact on daily functioning. The pain intensity subscale consists of four items rating pain at its "worst," "least," "average," and "current" (right now). Each item is rated on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

The Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is defined as a reduction of ≥ 1 point from baseline in the BPI pain intensity score. The outcome is the proportion of participants in each group who achieve this MCID threshold at each follow-up time point.

At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Percentage Reduction from Baseline in HAMD-17 Total Score
Tidsram: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline

The HAMD-17 is a 17-item clinician-rated scale assessing depression severity. Items are rated on 3- or 5-point scales, with total scores ranging from 0 to 52. Higher scores mean a worse outcome (greater depression severity).

The outcome is the percentage reduction in HAMD-17 total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated using the formula:

[(Baseline score - Follow-up score) / Baseline score] × 100%

A positive percentage indicates improvement (reduction in depressive symptoms).

At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
Change from Baseline in HAMD-17 Total Score
Tidsram: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) is a 17-item clinician-rated scale assessing depression severity. Items are rated on 3- or 5-point scales, with total scores ranging from 0 to 52. Higher scores indicate greater depression severity (worse outcome). The outcome is the absolute change in the total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated as: [(Baseline score) - (Follow-up score)]. A positive change value indicates improvement (reduction in depressive symptoms). No pre-defined clinically meaningful threshold is applied to this continuous outcome; it is reported as the mean absolute change per group.
At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)
Change from Baseline in Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) Total Score
Tidsram: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-reported questionnaire. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 4 (all the time), with total scores ranging from 0 to 52. Higher scores indicate higher levels of pain catastrophizing (worse outcome). The outcome is the absolute change in the total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated as: [(Baseline score) - (Follow-up score)]. A positive change value indicates improvement (reduction in pain catastrophizing).
At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
Change from Baseline in Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) Total Score
Tidsram: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
The GAD-7 is a 7-item self-report scale (0-21, higher scores = worse outcome) assessing anxiety symptoms over the past two weeks. The outcome is the absolute change in the total score from baseline at each follow-up time point, calculated as: [(Baseline score) - (Follow-up score)].
At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (end of intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up) post-baseline
Change from Baseline in Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Total Score
Tidsram: At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)

The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale consists of two clinician-rated subscales assessing overall treatment response:

CGI-Severity (CGI-S): Rates the severity of the patient's illness on a 7-point scale from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

CGI-Improvement (CGI-I): Rates the patient's improvement compared to baseline on a 7-point scale from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). This subscale is only assessed at post-baseline time points. Lower scores mean a better outcome (greater improvement).

The outcome is the change from baseline in CGI-S score at each follow-up time point, and the CGI-I score at each post-baseline time point.

At 1 week (mid-intervention), 2 weeks (post-intervention), and 6 weeks (follow-up)
Change from Baseline in Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the DLPFC at 2 Weeks
Tidsram: Baseline and immediately after the 2-week intervention period
Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The primary measurement is the change in seed-based functional connectivity strength between the DLPFC and its target network regions (e.g., parietal cortex, default mode network nodes), quantified as Fisher-transformed correlation coefficients (z-values) from a priori defined regions of interest. Higher z-values indicate stronger positive functional connectivity; lower or negative values indicate weaker or anticorrelated connectivity. Structural MRI (sMRI) is acquired for co-registration and normalization purposes.
Baseline and immediately after the 2-week intervention period

Andra resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Change from Baseline in Brain-Derived Exosome Metabolite Levels
Tidsram: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Metabolite profiles are measured using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in plasma-derived brain-enriched exosomes. Changes in metabolite profiles from baseline to post-intervention are assessed using multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The primary comparison is the separation distance (e.g., Q² or R² values) between baseline and post-intervention clusters, with positive values indicating greater separation between the two time points. This is an exploratory outcome to identify potential metabolic biomarkers and generate hypotheses related to the mechanisms of tACS/tDCS action. Results will be reported descriptively and are not part of the primary confirmatory analysis.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in BPI Pain Intensity Score in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsram: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
This exploratory outcome measures the change from baseline in the BPI Pain Intensity score after 10 sessions of active tACS in the open-label arm. Data are reported descriptively as individual change values, mean change, standard deviation, and within-group effect size (Cohen's d) . No formal hypothesis testing is planned; the results will inform effect size estimation for future trial planning.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in HAMD-17 Total Score in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsram: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
This exploratory outcome measures the change from baseline in HAMD-17 total score after 10 sessions of active tACS in the open-label arm. Data are reported descriptively as individual change values, mean change, standard deviation, and within-group effect size (Cohen's d). No formal hypothesis testing is planned; the results will inform effect size estimation for future trial planning.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in GAD-7 Total Score in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsram: From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
This exploratory outcome measures the change from baseline in GAD-7 total score after 10 sessions of active tACS in the open-label arm. Data are reported descriptively as individual change values, mean change, standard deviation, and within-group effect size (Cohen's d). No formal hypothesis testing is planned. GAD-7 scores will also be explored as a covariate in pain outcome analyses.
From baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks
Change from Baseline in Resting-State EEG Power Spectra in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsram: Baseline, Day 1 (immediately before and after the 1st tACS session), Day 10 (immediately before and after the 10th tACS session), and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)
Resting-state EEG is recorded for 5 minutes with eyes open and 5 minutes with eyes closed using a 64-channel EEG system. The primary measure is the change from baseline in spectral power (absolute and relative) across frequency bands (delta: 1-4 Hz, theta: 4-8 Hz, alpha: 8-12 Hz, beta: 12-30 Hz, gamma: 30-50 Hz), with a focus on the alpha band (8-12 Hz) due to the 10 Hz tACS intervention. Data are analyzed descriptively without formal hypothesis testing.
Baseline, Day 1 (immediately before and after the 1st tACS session), Day 10 (immediately before and after the 10th tACS session), and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)
Change from Baseline in Task-State EEG (Event-Related Potentials) in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsram: Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 tACS sessions)
Task-state EEG is recorded while participants perform a cognitive task (e.g., working memory or attention task). The primary measure is the change from baseline in event-related potential (ERP) components and task-related spectral power changes (event-related desynchronization/synchronization). Data are analyzed descriptively without formal hypothesis testing.
Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 tACS sessions)
Change from Baseline in Resting-State EEG Functional Connectivity in the Exploratory Open-Label Cohort
Tidsram: Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)
Resting-state EEG functional connectivity is assessed using coherence and phase-locking value (PLV) between electrode pairs, with a focus on the alpha band and the DLPFC region. Data are analyzed descriptively without formal hypothesis testing.
Baseline and Day 11 (on the day after completion of all 10 sessions)

Samarbetspartners och utredare

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Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Beräknad)

1 november 2026

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

1 februari 2028

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

1 juni 2028

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

3 januari 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

3 januari 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

12 januari 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

4 september 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

1 september 2026

Senast verifierad

1 december 2025

Mer information

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Nej

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