Efeitos Agudos do Cannabis na Cognição e Afeto

Participants will inhale vapor from .17 grams of cannabis containing 11.86% THC (20mg THC total) during the first session. They will inhale vapor from a placebo product during the second session.

20 mg THC delivered by vaporizing 0.17 g of 11.86% THC cannabis flower obtained from NIDA, using a Volcano vaporizer.

Placebo obtained from NIDA and vaporized using a Volcano vaporizer.

Participants will inhale vapor from a placebo product during the first session. They will inhale vapor from .17 grams of cannabis containing 11.86% THC (20mg THC total) during the second session.

20 mg THC delivered by vaporizing 0.17 g of 11.86% THC cannabis flower obtained from NIDA, using a Volcano vaporizer.

Placebo obtained from NIDA and vaporized using a Volcano vaporizer.

Event-based prospective memory will be assessed using a difficulty ratings task. At the beginning of the session, participants will be asked to try to remember to rate how difficult they found each test immediately after it is completed, using a 0 (not at all difficult) to 10 (extremely difficult) scale. The primary outcome of interest is the number (or percentage) of difficulty ratings they remember to provide.

Time-based prospective memory will be assessed using a token task. Participants will be instructed to try to remember to request a token every 10 minutes. A clock will be positioned face down on the table for them to refer to the time, and we will record their clock-checking behavior. The primary outcome is the number (or percentage) of times they remember to request the token, out of the total time of the cognitive assessment session.

Cognitive flexibility and working memory updating will be assessed using the N-back test. Participants are shown strings of letters one at a time and are instructed to indicate whenever a letter appears that matches the letter shown two trials earlier. The primary outcome of interest is the percentage of correct responses made (i.e., the number of times they correctly recognize that the current letter matches the one from two trials before, etc.).

Verbal working memory will be assessed using the Backwards portion of the Digit Span Test. For this test, participants are read lists of digits (of increasing lengths) and are asked to recall them in reverse order. The primary outcome of interest is the total number of correct trials.

Planning and problem-solving abilities will be assessed using the Tower Test. Participants are asked to move disks to reach a specified end configuration in as few moves as possible. They can move only one disk at a time and cannot place a larger disk on top of a smaller disk. The primary outcome of interest is the Total Achievement Score across the tower problems, which reflects planning effectiveness.

Planning and strategic thinking will be assessed using the Zoo Maps Test. Participants must plan a route through a provided zoo map while adhering to specified rules and efficiency constraints. For example, they may be instructed to start at the entrance, end at the picnic area, and use the designated paths only once. The primary outcome of interest is the total achieved score, representing accuracy when generating a self-directed route under the provided constraints.

Inhibitory control will be assessed using the Stroop test. Participants will be shown words whose letters are in a specific color (e.g., the word "blue" in red letters. They will be tasked with naming the color of the word, which may be incongruent with the word itself. The primary outcome of interest is the interference score, which reflects the difference in reaction times between the incongruent and congruent trials.

Inhibitory control will be assessed using a computerized Go/No-Go task. Participants will respond as quickly and accurately as possible to designated "Go" stimuli and withhold their response when designated "No-Go" stimuli are presented. The primary outcome of interest is the number of accurate trials. Greater accuracy on the task will be indicative of greater inhibitory control.

Cognitive flexibility and attentional set-shifting will be assessed using the computerized Intra-Extra Dimensional Set-Shifting (IDED) task. Participants will select between paired visual stimuli based on learned rules and use feedback to determine the correct response as the relevant stimulus features and rules change across task stages. The primary outcome will be the number of errors committed during the extra-dimensional (ED) shift stage, in which participants must shift attention from a previously relevant stimulus dimension to a previously irrelevant dimension. Higher error scores indicate poorer cognitive flexibility. Other error types will be totaled, including simple discrimination errors, compound discrimination errors, reversal errors, and intra-dimensional (ID) errors.

Cognitive flexibility and attentional set-shifting will be assessed using the computerized Intra-Extra Dimensional Set-Shifting (IDED) task. Participants will select between paired visual stimuli based on learned rules and use feedback to determine the correct response as the relevant stimulus features and rules change across task stages. Total accuracy will be measured as a representation of total task performance.

Cognitive flexibility (category switching) will be assessed using the verbal fluency category switching task. Participants will be given two categories (e.g., fruits and furniture) and be asked to generate words that belong to those categories, in alternating order, within a time limit of 60 seconds. The primary outcome of interest is category switching accuracy, which is the number of correct switches between the categories.

Probabilistic reversal learning will be assessed using a computerized task in which participants select between two stimuli associated with different probabilities of receiving positive feedback. Participants will learn the more advantageous choice based on probabilistic feedback and must adjust their responses when the relative probabilities of the stimuli are reversed. The primary outcome of interest will be the proportion of trials on which participants select the stimulus associated with the higher probability of positive feedback. Higher advantageous-choice accuracy indicates more effective learning from probabilistic feedback.

Participants will be asked to rate how high they feel using a scale from 0 (not high at all) to 10 (extremely high) immediately after their vaping session.

Participants will be asked to rate the level of good drug effects they are experiencing using a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (a lot) immediately after their vaping session.

Participants will be asked to rate how much they like the drug effects they are experiencing using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (a lot) immediately after their vaping session.

Participants will be asked to rate how high they feel using a scale from 0 (not high at all) to 10 (extremely high) immediately after the cognitive battery.

Participants will be asked to rate the level of good drug effects they are experiencing using a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (a lot) immediately after the nature video.

Participants will be asked to rate how much they like the drug effects they are experiencing using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (a lot) immediately after the nature video.

Participants will be asked to rate how high they feel using a scale from 0 (not high at all) to 10 (extremely high) immediately after the nature video.

Participants will be asked to rate the level of good drug effects they are experiencing using a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (a lot) immediately after the nature video.

Participants will be asked to rate how much they like the drug effects they are experiencing using a scale from 0 (not at all) to 10 (a lot) immediately after the nature video.

Participants will complete ratings of awe after watching a brief (~20 minute) nature video.

Participants will complete ratings of their feelings of connectedness to nature after watching a brief (~20 minute) nature video.

Participants will complete ratings of their feelings of connectedness to humanity after watching a brief (~20 minute) nature video.

Participants will complete ratings of their feelings of connectedness to close others after watching a brief (~20 minute) nature video.

Participants will be asked to rate the intensity of each affective state experienced at the current moment using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 6 (Very much). There are ten items, grouped into five subscales assessing anxiety-comfort, depression-pleasure, boredom-enthusiasm, tiredness-vigor, and anger-calmness. Individual items within bipolar subscales are appropriately reverse-scored so that higher scores consistently reflect greater affective well-being. Subscale scores are calculated by averaging the corresponding item pairs for each of the five factors, yielding five distinct state-affect indices.

Participants will be asked to rate the intensity of each affective state experienced at the current moment using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 6 (Very much). There are ten items, grouped into five subscales assessing anxiety-comfort, depression-pleasure, boredom-enthusiasm, tiredness-vigor, and anger-calmness. Individual items within bipolar subscales are appropriately reverse-scored so that higher scores consistently reflect greater affective well-being. Subscale scores are calculated by averaging the corresponding item pairs for each of the five factors, yielding five distinct state-affect indices.

Participants will be asked to rate the intensity of each affective state experienced at the current moment using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 6 (Very much). There are ten items, grouped into five subscales assessing anxiety-comfort, depression-pleasure, boredom-enthusiasm, tiredness-vigor, and anger-calmness. Individual items within bipolar subscales are appropriately reverse-scored so that higher scores consistently reflect greater affective well-being. Subscale scores are calculated by averaging the corresponding item pairs for each of the five factors, yielding five distinct state-affect indices.

Participants will be asked to rate the intensity of each affective state experienced at the current moment using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 6 (Very much). There are ten items, grouped into five subscales assessing anxiety-comfort, depression-pleasure, boredom-enthusiasm, tiredness-vigor, and anger-calmness. Individual items within bipolar subscales are appropriately reverse-scored so that higher scores consistently reflect greater affective well-being. Subscale scores are calculated by averaging the corresponding item pairs for each of the five factors, yielding five distinct state-affect indices.

The total number of calories participant consume will be recorded

The total number of grams of carbohydrates participant consume will be recorded

The total number of grams of fat participant consume will be recorded

The total number of grams of protein participant consume will be recorded

Taste ratings will be collected for each food item they consume and the average of these ratings will be computed

Participants will be asked to rate how high they feel using a scale from 0 (not high at all) to 10 (extremely high) prior to completing any study tasks.

Participants will be asked to rate how high they feel using a scale from 0 (not high at all) to 10 (extremely high) while relaxing and sobering up, following the rest of their session.

The principal investigator supervising the vaping session will record the duration of the participant's inhalations and holds during the vaping session.

The principal investigator supervising the vaping session will record the total number of puffs the participant inhales.

As part of their baseline assessments, participants will complete the Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory, which is a standardized, valid, and reliable measure of their cannabis consumption patterns. The information from this survey will be used to characterize the sample and determine cannabis use-related covariates that should be controlled for in analyses.

As part of their baseline assessments, participants will complete the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Higher scores indicate more frequent and more severe depressive symptoms. Potential scores range from 0-60. The information from this survey will be used to characterize the sample and determine potential covariates that should be controlled for in analyses.

As part of their baseline assessments, participants will complete the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety severity. Potential scores range from 0-63. The information from this survey will be used to characterize the sample and determine potential covariates that should be controlled for in analyses.

As part of their baseline assessments, participants will complete the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale (IV). Higher scores indicate greater ADHD symptom frequency and severity. Potential scores range from 0-54. The information from this survey will be used to characterize the sample and determine potential covariates that should be controlled for in analyses.

As part of their baseline assessments, participants will complete the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation across domains. Potential scores range from 36-180. The information from this survey will be used to characterize the sample and determine potential covariates that should be controlled for in analyses.

Participants verbalize their spontaneous thoughts for five minutes while being audio recorded. Recordings are transcribed and segmented into individual thought units, which are grouped into topics using natural language processing. Thought patterns are characterized by the frequency and transitions between topics, including the degree of similarity between successive thoughts.

Event-based prospective memory will be assessed using a difficulty ratings task. At the beginning of the session, participants will be asked to try to remember to rate how difficult they found each test immediately after it is completed, using a 0 (not at all difficult) to 10 (extremely difficult) scale. Other outcomes of this task are the self-reported difficulty of each task completed.

Probabilistic reversal learning will be assessed using a computerized task in which participants select between two stimuli associated with different probabilities of receiving positive feedback. Participants will learn the more advantageous choice based on probabilistic feedback and must adjust their responses when the relative probabilities of the stimuli are reversed. Other outcomes of this task will be the proportion of trials on which participants repeat a previously rewarded choice ("win-stay") and the proportion of trials on which participants switch choices following negative feedback ("lose-shift"). Lower win-stay and/or lose-shift proportions indicate reduced use of feedback to guide subsequent choices.

Probabilistic reversal learning will be assessed using a computerized task in which participants select between two stimuli associated with different probabilities of receiving positive feedback. Participants will learn the more advantageous choice based on probabilistic feedback and must adjust their responses when the relative probabilities of the stimuli are reversed. Other outcomes on this task include the number of reversal errors, defined as incorrect choices made following a reversal in the stimulus-outcome contingencies. Higher reversal error scores indicate poorer reversal learning.

Cognitive flexibility (category switching) will be assessed using the verbal fluency category switching task. Participants will be given two categories (e.g., fruits and furniture) and be asked to generate words that belong to those categories, in alternating order, within a time limit of 60 seconds. Other outcomes on this task include the category fluency score, which is the number of correct words generated.

Cognitive flexibility (category switching) will be assessed using the verbal fluency category switching task. Participants will be given two categories (e.g., fruits and furniture) and be asked to generate words that belong to those categories, in alternating order, within a time limit of 60s. Other outcomes on this task include repetition and intrusion (i.e., non-category words) errors.

Cognitive flexibility and working memory updating will be assessed using the N-back test. Participants are shown strings of letters one at a time and are instructed to indicate whenever a letter appears that matches the letter shown two trials earlier. Other outcomes include the mean reaction time (milliseconds) for correct responses on the task.

Planning and problem-solving abilities will be assessed using the Tower Test. Participants are asked to move disks to reach a specified end configuration in as few moves as possible. They can move only one disk at a time and cannot place a larger disk on top of a smaller disk. Other outcomes on this task include the number of rule violations (e.g., moving stacking a larger disk on top of a smaller one).

Planning and problem-solving abilities will be assessed using the Tower Test. Participants are asked to move disks to reach a specified end configuration in as few moves as possible. They can move only one disk at a time and cannot place a larger disk on top of a smaller disk. Other outcomes on this task include the time taken to complete each tower problem.

Planning and strategic thinking will be assessed using the Zoo Maps Test. Participants must plan a route through a provided zoo map while adhering to specified rules and efficiency constraints. For example, they may be instructed to start at the entrance, end at the picnic area, and use the designated paths only once. Other outcomes on this task include the number of rule violations on the task.

Inhibitory control will be assessed using the Stroop test. Participants will be shown words whose letters are in a specific color (e.g., the word "blue" in red letters. They will be tasked with naming the color of the word, which may be incongruent with the word itself. Other outcomes on this task include the percentage of correct responses on incongruent trials.

Inhibitory control will be assessed using a computerized Go/No-Go task. Participants will respond as quickly and accurately as possible to designated "Go" stimuli and withhold their response when designated "No-Go" stimuli are presented. Other outcomes will be the number of commission errors, defined as responses made to No-Go stimuli. Higher commission error scores indicate poorer inhibitory control.

Inhibitory control will be assessed using the Stroop test. Participants will be shown words whose letters are in a specific color (e.g., the word "blue" in red letters. They will be tasked with naming the color of the word, which may be incongruent with the word itself. The Muse S Athena wearable EEG device will capture time-locked event-related potential data during this task.

Cognitive flexibility and working memory updating will be assessed using the N-back test. Participants are shown strings of letters one at a time and are instructed to indicate whenever a letter appears that matches the letter shown two trials earlier. The Muse S Athena wearable EEG device will capture time-locked event-related potential data during this task.

Inhibitory control will be assessed using a computerized Go/No-Go task. Participants will respond as quickly and accurately as possible to designated "Go" stimuli and withhold their response when designated "No-Go" stimuli are presented. The Muse S Athena wearable EEG device will capture time-locked event-related potential data during this task.

The Muse S Athena wearable EEG device will be worn by participants for the duration of the session, up until they are left to relax and sober up at the end of the session. The EEG device will be continuously recording, to allow for later quantification of power (e.g., theta, gamma, etc.) using spectral density analysis.

Participants will be asked to rate the intensity of each affective state experienced at the current moment using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 6 (Very much). The ten items will be analyzed separately as an exploratory outcome.

Participants will be asked to rate the intensity of each affective state experienced at the current moment using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 6 (Very much). The ten items will be analyzed separately as an exploratory outcome.

Participants will be asked to rate the intensity of each affective state experienced at the current moment using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 6 (Very much). The ten items will be analyzed separately as an exploratory outcome.

Participants will be asked to rate the intensity of each affective state experienced at the current moment using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 6 (Very much). The ten items will be analyzed separately as an exploratory outcome.