Effects of Bicarbonate Spring Water Immersion on Cognitive Reliability and Post-Maximal Exercise Recovery in Adolescent Rowers During Altitude Training: A Sex-Stratified Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
A Sex-Stratified Block-Randomized Controlled Trial of Bicarbonate-Rich Thermal Water Immersion on Cognitive Reliability and Post-Maximal Exercise Recovery in Adolescent Rowers During Field-Based Moderate-Altitude Training
Visão geral do estudo
Status
Status
Condições
Condições
Intervenção / Tratamento
Intervenção / Tratamento
Tipo de estudo
Tipo de estudo
Inscrição (Real)
Inscrição
Estágio
Estágio
- Não aplicável
Contactos e Locais
Contato de estudo
Contato de estudo
- Nome: Ziyue Ou, PHD
- Número de telefone: 15626121623
- E-mail: 395356506@qq.com
Locais de estudo
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Yunnan
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Tengyue, Yunnan, China
- Field altitude-training camp, approximately 1600 m
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Critérios de participação
Critérios de elegibilidade
Critérios de elegibilidade
Idades elegíveis para estudo
- Filho
Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis
Descrição
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male or female aged 11-17 years- Regular endurance training (≥3 sessions/week) for ≥2 years
- No history of altitude exposure >2000m in the past 3 months
- No contraindications to hot water immersion (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, severe cardiovascular disease, open wounds, pregnancy)
- Ability to provide written informed consent
- Willingness to abstain from other recovery modalities (e.g., massage, cryotherapy, compression garments) during the study period
- No color blindness or uncorrected visual impairment that would affect Stroop test performance
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, or endocrine disorders
- Current use of medications affecting autonomic function or cognition (e.g., beta-blockers, anticholinergics, stimulants, sedatives)
- History of syncope, heat intolerance, or neurological disorders
- Acute musculoskeletal injury within the past 6 months- Regular use of sauna, hot tub, or spa within the past month- Pregnancy or breastfeeding (for female participants)
- Shift work or trans-meridian travel within 2 weeks prior to baseline assessment- Alcohol consumption >14 units/week or smoking
- History of traumatic brain injury, stroke, or psychiatric disorders
Plano de estudo
Como o estudo é projetado?
Detalhes do projeto
- Finalidade Principal: Outro
- Alocação: Randomizado
- Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
- Mascaramento: Dobro
Número de braços
Armas e Intervenções
Grupo de Participantes / BraçoGrupo de Participantes / Braço |
Intervenção / TratamentoIntervenção / Tratamento |
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Comparador Ativo: Natural Recovery Group
Control group participants will undergo the same altitude training protocol (altitude 1600 meters) for 4 weeks.
Participants underwent a 20-minute quiet seated rest at 16:00 on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, with ad libitum water consumption permitted and electronic devices prohibited.
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Control group participants will undergo the same altitude training protocol (altitude 1600 meters) for 4 weeks.
After each training session, participants will receive standard recovery procedures, including 20 minutes of passive rest in a thermoneutral environment (room temperature 24°C), supplemented with mild hydration and self-selected stretching.
No hydrothermal intervention will be provided.
Outros nomes:
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Comparador Ativo: Hot water immersion group
The hot water immersion group will undergo a 4-week altitude training at 1600 meters above sea level.
Subjects will receive a 20-minute hot water immersion (daily tap water, 38°C±0.5°C) in a standardized indoor hot spring facility.
The immersion protocol includes partial-body immersion up to the xiphoid process (lower chest) for 20 minutes, followed by a 10-minute rest before leaving the facility.
Three times per week.
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The hot water immersion group will undergo a 4-week altitude training at 1600 meters above sea level.
Subjects will receive a 20-minute hot water immersion (daily tap water, 38°C±1°C) in a standardized indoor hot spring facility.
The immersion protocol includes whole-body immersion up to the neck for 20 minutes, followed by a 10-minute rest before leaving the facility.
Three times per week.
Outros nomes:
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Experimental: Hot Spring Immersion Group
The hot spring immersion group will undergo a 4-week high-altitude training at an altitude of 1600 meters.
Subjects will receive a 20-minute hot spring therapy (natural hot spring water, 38°C ± 0.5°C) in a standardized indoor hot spring facility.
The immersion protocol includes partial-body immersion up to the xiphoid process (lower chest) for 20 minutes, performed three times per week, followed by a 10-minute rest before leaving the facility.
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The hot spring immersion group will undergo a 4-week high-altitude training at an altitude of 1600 meters.
Subjects will receive a 20-minute hot spring therapy (natural hot spring water, 38°C ± 1°C) in a standardized indoor hot spring facility.
The immersion protocol includes whole-body immersion to the neck for 20 minutes, followed by a 10-minute rest before leaving the facility.
Three times per week.
Outros nomes:
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O que o estudo está medindo?
Medidas de resultados primários
Medidas de resultados primários
Medida de resultado |
Descrição da medida |
Prazo |
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Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT)
Prazo: Baselines were measured at the formal start of the experiment, at night during the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks (post-intervention) after ascending the plateau, and post-tests were conducted one week after descending the plateau.
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5-minute PVT measuring sustained attention and psychomotor vigilance.
Outcome variables: mean reciprocal response time (1/RT).
Administered via standardized software on a tablet/computer.
Unit: second.
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Baselines were measured at the formal start of the experiment, at night during the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks (post-intervention) after ascending the plateau, and post-tests were conducted one week after descending the plateau.
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Stroop Test Performance
Prazo: Baselines were measured at the formal start of the experiment, at night during the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks (post-intervention) after ascending the plateau, and post-tests were conducted one week after descending the plateau.
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Computerized Stroop Color-Word Test measuring executive function and cognitive inhibition.
Outcome variables: reaction time (ms).
Administered in a quiet, temperature-controlled room (22-24°C).
Unit: milliseconds (ms).
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Baselines were measured at the formal start of the experiment, at night during the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks (post-intervention) after ascending the plateau, and post-tests were conducted one week after descending the plateau.
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Cerebral Oxygenation (fNIRS)
Prazo: Baseline, Week 2, Week 5
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Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) in the prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks, measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with a multichannel system.
Outcome: relative changes in HbO and HbR concentrations.
Unit: micromolar (μM).
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Baseline, Week 2, Week 5
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Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity (TCD)
Prazo: Baseline, Week 2, Week 4
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Mean blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) with 2MHz probe.
Measurements taken in supine position after 10 minutes of rest.
Outcome: mean velocity (cm/s).
Unit: centimeters/second (cm/s).
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Baseline, Week 2, Week 4
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Medidas de resultados secundários
Medidas de resultados secundários
Medida de resultado |
Descrição da medida |
Prazo |
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Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max)
Prazo: Baseline, Week 5
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Maximal oxygen uptake measured using a portable metabolic analyzer during a graded exercise test on a rowing ergometer.
Test protocol: incremental ramp test to exhaustion.
Unit: mL/kg/min.
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Baseline, Week 5
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1000-Meter Running Test
Prazo: Baseline, Week 3, Week4
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1000-meter maximal effort running test on a standard 400m track or treadmill.
Total completion time recorded.
Unit: seconds (s).
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Baseline, Week 3, Week4
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Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Prazo: one month.
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Resting peripheral oxygen saturation measured via fingertip pulse oximeter after 10 minutes of seated rest.
Unit: percentage (%).
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one month.
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Patrocinador
Patrocinador
Publicações e links úteis
Publicações Gerais
- MacLeod CM. Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review. Psychol Bull. 1991 Mar;109(2):163-203. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163. No abstract available.
- Laukkanen T, Khan H, Zaccardi F, Laukkanen JA. Association between sauna bathing and fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Apr;175(4):542-8. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8187.
- Stanley J, Peake JM, Buchheit M. Consecutive days of cold water immersion: effects on cycling performance and heart rate variability. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013 Feb;113(2):371-84. doi: 10.1007/s00421-012-2445-2. Epub 2012 Jul 3.
- Ando S, Hatamoto Y, Sudo M, Kiyonaga A, Tanaka H, Higaki Y. The effects of exercise under hypoxia on cognitive function. PLoS One. 2013 May 10;8(5):e63630. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063630. Print 2013.
- Ohori T, Nozawa T, Ihori H, Shida T, Sobajima M, Matsuki A, Yasumura S, Inoue H. Effect of repeated sauna treatment on exercise tolerance and endothelial function in patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2012 Jan 1;109(1):100-4. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.08.014. Epub 2011 Sep 23.
- Buchheit M, Simpson BM, Garvican-Lewis LA, Hammond K, Kley M, Schmidt WF, Aughey RJ, Soria R, Sargent C, Roach GD, Claros JC, Wachsmuth N, Gore CJ, Bourdon PC. Wellness, fatigue and physical performance acclimatisation to a 2-week soccer camp at 3600 m (ISA3600). Br J Sports Med. 2013 Dec;47 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i100-6. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092749.
Datas de registro do estudo
Datas Principais do Estudo
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Início do estudo
Conclusão Primária (Real)
Conclusão Primária
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Enviado pela primeira vez
Enviado pela primeira vez
Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ
Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ
Primeira postagem (Real)
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Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade
Última verificação
Última verificação
Mais Informações
Termos relacionados a este estudo
Palavras-chave
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Outros números de identificação do estudo
Outros números de identificação do estudo
- 202502AS100005-1
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