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Blood Flow Restriction Training in Women With Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (BFR-PTTD)

1 de agosto de 2026 atualizado por: Hajar Mohammed Edris, May University in Cairo

Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Dynamic Postural Stability and Proprioception in Post-Menopausal Women With Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by pain, impaired foot function, and reduced dynamic stability. As one of the primary causes of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity, it can significantly affect walking ability, balance, and overall performance of daily activities. Although conventional rehabilitation typically emphasizes strengthening the posterior tibial tendon and surrounding muscles, these interventions may not fully address deficits in neuromuscular control and postural stability, highlighting the need for additional therapeutic approaches.

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate whether incorporating blood flow restriction (BFR) training into a rehabilitation program provides additional benefits for postmenopausal women with Stage I or flexible Stage II PTTD. A total of 54 eligible participants will be randomly allocated to either a BFR training group or a conventional exercise group. Clinical outcomes will be assessed before and after the intervention, including dynamic postural stability measured with the Biodex Balance System and active and passive ankle joint position sense assessed using the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Ainda não está recrutando

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is a progressive musculoskeletal disorder that affects the integrity and function of the posterior tibial tendon, leading to pain, impaired foot support, decreased postural stability, and functional limitations. As one of the most common causes of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity, PTTD can substantially interfere with walking, balance, and other daily activities. The condition is particularly prevalent among middle-aged and older women. In postmenopausal women, age-related declines in muscle strength, tendon quality, and neuromuscular function may further compromise lower-limb stability and physical performance.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training has emerged as a promising rehabilitation technique in which low-load resistance exercise is performed while a pneumatic cuff applies controlled pressure to the proximal portion of the limb. By partially restricting blood flow during exercise, this approach enables individuals to achieve training adaptations that are typically associated with higher exercise intensities while using considerably lower loads. Although BFR has shown encouraging results in the rehabilitation of various musculoskeletal conditions, its effectiveness in individuals with PTTD, particularly postmenopausal women, has not been adequately investigated.

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of a rehabilitation program incorporating blood flow restriction training with those of a conventional rehabilitation exercise program in postmenopausal women with Stage I or flexible Stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two intervention groups.

Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and after completion of 4 weeks. The primary outcome will be dynamic postural stability, measured using the Biodex Balance System. Secondary outcomes will include active and passive ankle joint position sense assessed using the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer

The findings of this study are expected to expand the current evidence regarding the use of blood flow restriction training in the rehabilitation of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. They may also help guide future evidence-based rehabilitation strategies aimed at improving functional outcomes and postural stability in postmenopausal women with this condition.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

54

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

Locais de estudo

    • Cairo Governorate
      • Cairo, Cairo Governorate, Egito
        • Faculty of Physical Therapy, May University in Cairo
        • Contato:

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Adulto

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Não

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Female post-menopausal women aged 40-55 years.
  • Clinically diagnosed with Stage I or flexible Stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction according to the Johnson and Strom classification modified by Myerson confirmed by an orthopedic physician.
  • Symptoms persisting for ≥ 3 months.
  • Pain intensity of ≥3/10 on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during weight-bearing activities.
  • Medically cleared to participate in blood flow restriction resistance training.
  • Symptoms located at the medial ankle or foot.
  • Pain on palpation of the posterior tibial tendon.
  • A positive double and/or single heel-rise test.
  • Able to walk independently without assistive devices
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 and <24.9 kg/m².
  • Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Rigidity of the hindfoot.
  • Pain on palpation of the fibular muscles.
  • History of corticosteroid injection in the tendon in a one-month period prior to the study onset.
  • History of surgery to the hindfoot and/or ankle.
  • History of previous surgeries to the musculoskeletal structures (i.e., bones, joint structures, nerves) in either limb of the lower extremities.
  • History of a fracture in either limb of the lower extremities requiring realignment.
  • Acute injury to musculoskeletal structures of other joints of the lower extremity in the previous three months, which impacted joint integrity and function (i.e., sprains, fractures) resulting in interruption of desired physical activity.
  • Hip joint or knee joint replacement.
  • Patients who were possibly at risk of adverse reactions of blood flow restriction (i.e., poor circulatory system, obesity, diabetes, arterial calcification, sickle cell trait, severe hypertension, or renal failure).
  • Any neurological conditions that affect proprioception, such as polyneuropathy, multiple sclerosis, and sensory ataxia.
  • Vestibular deficits and vision problems.

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Tratamento
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Solteiro

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Experimental: Blood Flow Restriction Group
Participants receive a conventional physical therapy program combined with blood flow restriction. Training
Low-load Resistance exercise performed with a pneumatic cuff applied to the proximal lower extremities
Outros nomes:
  • BFR
Strengthening Exercises and ankle support
Outros nomes:
  • CPT
Comparador Ativo: Conventional Physical Therapy Group
Participants receive the same exercise program without blood flow restriction
Strengthening Exercises and ankle support
Outros nomes:
  • CPT

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Overall Stability Index (OSI)
Prazo: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention
The Overall Stability Index (OSI) will be measured using the Biodex Balance System. The OSI quantifies the overall variance of platform displacement from level during static balance testing and is expressed in degrees. Lower OSI values indicate better postural stability.
Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention
Anteroposterior Stability Index (APSI)
Prazo: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention
The Anteroposterior Stability Index (APSI) will be measured using the Biodex Balance System. APSI quantifies postural sway in the sagittal (anteroposterior) plane during static balance testing and is expressed in degrees. Lower APSI values indicate better balance control in the anteroposterior direction.
Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention
Mediolateral Stability Index (MLSI)
Prazo: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention
The Mediolateral Stability Index (MLSI) will be measured using the Biodex Balance System. MLSI quantifies postural sway in the frontal (mediolateral) plane during static balance testing and is expressed in degrees. Lower MLSI values indicate better balance control in the mediolateral direction.
Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention
Limits of stability (LOS)
Prazo: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention
Limits of Stability (LOS) will be assessed using the Biodex Balance System SD. LOS evaluates the participant's ability to voluntarily shift the center of gravity toward predefined targets while maintaining postural control. Performance is expressed as an overall percentage score (%), with higher values indicating better dynamic balance and postural control.
Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Active Ankle Joint Position Sense
Prazo: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention
Active ankle joint position sense will be assessed using the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer during an active joint reposition test in the sagittal plane. The outcome is expressed as the absolute angular repositioning error in degrees (°). Lower values indicate better proprioceptive accuracy.
Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention
Passive Ankle Joint Position Sense
Prazo: Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention
Passive ankle joint position sense will be assessed using the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer during a passive joint repositioning test in the sagittal plane. The outcome is expressed as the absolute angular repositioning error in degrees (°). Lower values indicate better proprioceptive accuracy.
Baseline and immediately after completion of the 4-week intervention

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Estimado)

1 de agosto de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

1 de setembro de 2026

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

1 de outubro de 2026

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

28 de julho de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

1 de agosto de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

6 de agosto de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

6 de agosto de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

1 de agosto de 2026

Última verificação

1 de agosto de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • MUC

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

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