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Circulating Tumor DNA Methylation-Guided Adjuvant Therapy Decision-Making in Patients With Resectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases After Resection (LEGEND)

2 de novembro de 2026 atualizado por: Junjie Peng, Fudan University

Circulating Tumor DNA Methylation-Guided Adjuvant Therapy Decision-Making in Patients With Resectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases After Resection: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled, Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial (LEGEND Trial)

This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter phase II trial evaluating whether circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation-guided adjuvant therapy improves outcomes after R0 resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). Patients are randomized 1:1 to a ctDNA-guided arm or a conventional-treatment arm, stratified by RAS/BRAF status and primary tumor sidedness.

In the ctDNA-guided arm, postoperative plasma ctDNA methylation testing (mqMSP, 10 tumor-specific methylation markers, 3-day turnaround) is performed at week 1 after surgery. ctDNA-negative patients enter surveillance with ctDNA and imaging every 3 months, with chemotherapy ± targeted therapy triggered upon ctDNA positivity; ctDNA-positive patients start chemotherapy ± targeted therapy, with treatment paused upon ctDNA clearance and restarted upon recurrence, for a maximum cumulative treatment duration of 6 months and no more than 2 restarts. In the conventional arm, investigators choose adjuvant therapy per NCCN/CSCO guidelines, and blood samples are collected but ctDNA results are blinded and not used for treatment decisions.

The primary endpoint is recurrence-free survival (RFS). Secondary endpoints include overall survival, ctDNA positivity rate and its correlation with clinicopathological features, concordance between ctDNA and imaging, lead time of ctDNA in detecting recurrence, secondary NED conversion rate, feasibility and safety of ctDNA-guided dynamic treatment adjustment, ctDNA clearance rate, report turnaround time, patient-reported outcomes (EORTC QLQ-C30/QLQ-CR29), and health economic evaluation (ICER).

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Recrutamento

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

220

Estágio

  • Fase 2

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Locais de estudo

    • Shanghai Municipality
      • Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China, 200032
        • Recrutamento
        • Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
        • Contato:

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

18 anos a 75 anos (Adulto, Adulto mais velho)

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Não

Gêneros Elegíveis para o Estudo

Tudo

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 to 75 years, regardless of sex.
  • Histopathologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma with liver metastases confirmed by contrast-enhanced CT or MRI.
  • Liver metastases assessed as resectable by a multidisciplinary team, with R0 resection completed. Simultaneous or staged resection of the primary tumor and liver metastases is permitted. R0 resection is defined as negative surgical margins with no macroscopic or microscopic residual disease.
  • No residual disease on contrast-enhanced CT or MRI performed within one month after surgery, confirming no evidence of disease (NED).
  • No previous systemic anticancer treatment for metastatic disease, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. If prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy was administered, the interval between the last dose and the diagnosis of liver metastases must be at least six months.
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1.
  • Postoperative peripheral blood samples (two 10-mL tubes) can be obtained for ctDNA methylation testing.
  • Able to understand and voluntarily sign written informed consent.
  • Willing and able to comply with the follow-up schedule specified in the study protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Non-adenocarcinoma histology, such as neuroendocrine tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma.
  • Extrahepatic metastases, including metastases to the lungs, bones, brain, peritoneum, or distant lymph nodes.
  • Previous local treatment of the primary tumor or metastatic lesions, such as radiofrequency ablation or radiotherapy, without complete tumor eradication.
  • Residual disease confirmed by imaging one month after surgery, indicating that NED has not been achieved.
  • Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) status and considered suitable for immunotherapy by the investigator.
  • Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction (ALT/AST >3 times the upper limit of normal [ULN], total bilirubin >1.5 times ULN, or creatinine >1.5 times ULN), or impaired bone marrow function (white blood cell count <3.0 × 10^9/L, neutrophil count <1.5 × 10^9/L, platelet count <75 × 10^9/L, or hemoglobin <90 g/L).
  • Uncontrolled severe hypertension (persistent systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHg), severe infection, active hepatitis B (HBV DNA >1000 copies/mL), hepatitis C (positive HCV RNA), or human immunodeficiency virus infection.
  • History of serious cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, including New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or higher, myocardial infarction or unstable angina within the past six months, or uncontrolled arrhythmia.
  • Known allergy or contraindication to chemotherapy agents potentially used in the study (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, or capecitabine) or targeted agents (cetuximab beta or bevacizumab).
  • Other malignancies, except non-melanoma skin cancer or cervical carcinoma in situ that has been treated curatively with no evidence of recurrence for more than five years.
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding, or refusal by participants of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during the study.
  • History of alcohol abuse or drug abuse.
  • Cognitive impairment or severe psychiatric illness that prevents understanding of or compliance with study requirements.
  • Any other clinical or laboratory condition that, in the investigator's opinion, makes the participant unsuitable for this study.

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Tratamento
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Nenhum (rótulo aberto)

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Comparador Ativo: Tratamento convencional

Participants receive adjuvant therapy as determined by the investigator according to NCCN/CSCO guidelines and clinical practice, based on clinicopathological risk factors such as CRS score, primary tumor lymph node status, CEA level, surgical margin, and performance status. Blood samples are collected at baseline (approximately one week after surgery or before adjuvant therapy) and after completion of adjuvant therapy (within 4 weeks of the last chemotherapy dose, or at week 12 postoperatively for those not receiving chemotherapy), and are centrally tested for ctDNA methylation with results blinded and not used to guide treatment.

Experimental: ctDNA Methylation-Guided Treatment

Participants undergo postoperative plasma ctDNA methylation testing after R0 resection. ctDNA-negative participants enter surveillance without adjuvant chemotherapy, with ctDNA testing and imaging every 3 months; chemotherapy ± targeted therapy is triggered upon ctDNA positivity. ctDNA-positive participants start chemotherapy ± targeted therapy (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI plus cetuximab for RAS/BRAF wild-type; plus bevacizumab for RAS/BRAF mutant), with ctDNA testing and imaging every 2 months during treatment. Treatment is paused upon ctDNA clearance and restarted upon ctDNA re-positivity, with a maximum cumulative treatment duration of 6 months and no more than 2 restarts. Imaging-confirmed disease progression leads to discontinuation of protocol-directed treatment.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS)
Prazo: From randomization through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Time from randomization to the first imaging-confirmed local recurrence or distant metastasis, assessed according to RECIST 1.1, or death from any cause, whichever occurs first. Participants without an event at the last follow-up will be censored at that date. RFS will be compared between the ctDNA methylation-guided treatment group and the conventional treatment group.

From randomization through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Overall Survival (OS)
Prazo: From randomization through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Time from randomization to death from any cause. Participants who are alive at the last follow-up will be censored at that date. OS will be compared between the two treatment groups.

From randomization through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Postoperative ctDNA Methylation Positivity Rate
Prazo: One week after surgery (±3 days).

Proportion of all enrolled participants with positive ctDNA methylation results one week after surgery. Associations between postoperative ctDNA methylation status and clinicopathological characteristics will also be assessed.

One week after surgery (±3 days).
Agreement Between ctDNA Methylation Status and Imaging Findings
Prazo: During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Agreement between ctDNA methylation status and imaging-based no evidence of disease (NED) status.

During the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Lead Time From ctDNA Methylation Positivity to Imaging-Confirmed Recurrence
Prazo: During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Median time interval from ctDNA methylation positivity to subsequent imaging-confirmed recurrence.

During the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Secondary No Evidence of Disease (NED) Conversion Rate
Prazo: During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Proportion of all participants with recurrence who receive curative-intent local treatment after recurrence and achieve NED. This proportion will be compared between the two treatment groups.

During the two-year postoperative follow-up.
ctDNA Methylation Clearance Rate
Prazo: During treatment and subsequent follow-up, through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Proportion of participants in the ctDNA methylation-guided treatment group with initially positive ctDNA results who become ctDNA negative after treatment. The association between ctDNA clearance and RFS will be explored.

During treatment and subsequent follow-up, through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Time to ctDNA Methylation Clearance
Prazo: During treatment and subsequent follow-up, through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Median time to conversion from ctDNA positivity to negativity after treatment in participants with initially positive ctDNA results in the ctDNA methylation-guided treatment group.

During treatment and subsequent follow-up, through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.
ctDNA Methylation Test Reporting Turnaround Time
Prazo: At ctDNA methylation testing time points during the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Turnaround time for reporting ctDNA methylation test results, with a target of no more than five working days, and its impact on the timeliness of clinical decision-making.

At ctDNA methylation testing time points during the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Patient-reported Quality of Life
Prazo: During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Patient-reported quality of life assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Quality of life will be compared between the ctDNA methylation-guided treatment group and the conventional treatment group.

During the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER)
Prazo: During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Health economic evaluation of the ctDNA methylation-guided treatment strategy compared with conventional treatment using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Estimado)

1 de novembro de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

1 de novembro de 2029

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

1 de novembro de 2031

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

28 de outubro de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

2 de novembro de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

4 de novembro de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

4 de novembro de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

2 de novembro de 2026

Última verificação

1 de novembro de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • LEGEND Trial

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

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