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Effects of Different Activation Techniques on Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Apical Periodontitis

4 de novembro de 2026 atualizado por: Nihan Çelik Uzun, Karadeniz Technical University

Molecular and Clinical Evaluation of the Effects of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Applied Using Different Activation Techniques on the Microbiota and Host Response in Previously Root Canal-Treated Teeth With Apical Periodontitis

This randomized clinical trial aims to investigate the effects of different intracanal methylene blue agitation techniques used during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on root canal microbiota, host inflammatory responses, postoperative pain, and periapical healing in previously root canal-treated teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.

A total of 60 participants will be randomly allocated to four groups (15 participants per group): aPDT without additional methylene blue agitation (control), aPDT with standard needle irrigation(SNI), aPDT with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and aPDT with Er,Cr:YSSG laser-assisted irrigation (LAI).

All participants will undergo nonsurgical root canal retreatment. Methylene blue will be used as the photosensitizing agent, and photodynamic light irradiation will be performed using the LED FotoSan device in all groups.

Root canal samples will be collected at three treatment stages to investigate changes in microbial communities and inflammatory markers. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing will be performed in a subset of participants, while selected inflammatory cytokines will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Postoperative pain and radiographic periapical healing will also be evaluated during follow-up.

The study aims to determine whether different methylene blue agitation techniques influence the microbiological, inflammatory, and clinical outcomes of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy during root canal retreatment.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Recrutamento

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

This randomized clinical trial will investigate the molecular, microbiological, inflammatory, and clinical effects of different intracanal methylene blue agitation techniques used during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in previously root canal-treated permanent teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.

A total of 60 participants will be randomly allocated to four groups (n=15 per group):

Control group: aPDT without additional intracanal methylene blue agitation.

Standard needle irrigation (SNI) group: aPDT with conventional syringe agitation of methylene blue.

Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) group: aPDT with passive ultrasonic agitation of methylene blue.

Laser-activated irrigation (LAI) group: aPDT with Er,Cr:YSSG laser-assisted agitation of methylene blue.

All participants will undergo nonsurgical root canal retreatment, including removal of the previous root canal filling material and chemomechanical preparation. Methylene blue will be introduced into the root canal system as the photosensitizing agent. The assigned intracanal agitation protocol will then be performed, followed by photodynamic light irradiation using the FotoSan device in all groups.

Root canal samples will be collected at three stages: S1, after removal of the previous root canal filling material; S2, after chemomechanical preparation; and S3, following antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.

Shotgun metagenomic sequencing will be performed in a subset of 24 participants, including eight participants from each of the SNI, PUI, and LAI groups. The analysis will investigate microbial taxonomic composition, microbial diversity, functional pathways, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence-associated factors.

Host inflammatory responses will be evaluated in all four study groups by measuring interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Postoperative pain will be assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) at predefined intervals following treatment. Periapical healing will be evaluated radiographically during the follow-up period.

Within-group changes across sampling points and between-group differences will be evaluated to determine the influence of intracanal methylene blue agitation techniques on microbial communities, host inflammatory responses, postoperative pain, and periapical healing

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

60

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

  • Nome: Nihan Çelik Uzun, Assistant Professor
  • Número de telefone: +90 4623774813 +90 5557256407
  • E-mail: nihancelik@ktu.edu.tr

Locais de estudo

    • Ortahisar
      • Trabzon, Ortahisar, Turquia (Türkiye)
        • Recrutamento
        • Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Dentistry
        • Contato:
          • Nihan Çelik Uzun, Assistant Professor
          • Número de telefone: +90 5557256407
          • E-mail: nihancelik@ktu.edu.tr
        • Investigador principal:
          • Nihan ÇELİK UZUN, Assistant Professor

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

18 anos a 65 anos (Adulto, Adulto mais velho)

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Não

Gêneros Elegíveis para o Estudo

Tudo

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged 18-65 years.
  • No history of systemic disease.
  • Non-smokers.
  • Not pregnant or breastfeeding.
  • Provision of written informed consent.
  • Willingness to attend follow-up appointments for 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Teeth with internal or external root resorption.
  • Teeth with moderate or severe root canal curvature.
  • Teeth with open apices.
  • Teeth with periodontal probing depths ≥4 mm.
  • Teeth in which adequate rubber dam isolation cannot be achieved.
  • Teeth considered non-restorable.
  • Teeth requiring post retention.
  • Teeth with radiographically determined periapical lesions larger than 5.
  • Systemic antibiotic or anti-inflammatory medication use within the preceding month.

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Tratamento
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Solteiro

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Comparador Ativo: Control - aPDT Without Additional Activation

Participants will receive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using methylene blue without additional intracanal agitation, followed by FotoSan light irradiation

All participants will receive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using methylene blue as the photosensitizer, followed by photodynamic light irradiation with the FotoSan device. The groups will differ according to the intracanal activation technique applied to methylene blue.

Experimental: Standard Needle Irrigation (SNI)

Participants will receive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with intracanal agitation of methylene blue using a standard irrigation needle with back-and-forth movements, followed by photodynamic light irradiation using the FotoSan device.

Methylene blue will be agitated within the root canal using a standard irrigation needle with back-and-forth movements before photodynamic light irradiation with the FotoSan device.

Experimental: Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI)

Participants will receive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with intracanal activation of methylene blue using passive ultrasonic irrigation, followed by photodynamic light irradiation using the FotoSan device.

Methylene blue will be activated within the root canal using passive ultrasonic irrigation before photodynamic light irradiation with the FotoSan device.

Experimental: Laser-Activated Irrigation (LAI)

Participants will receive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with intracanal activation of methylene blue using an Er, Cr:YSGG laser-assisted irrigation technique, followed by photodynamic light irradiation using the FotoSan device

ethylene blue will be activated within the root canal using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted irrigation technique before photodynamic light irradiation with the FotoSan device

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Postoperative Pain Intensity Assessed Using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Prazo: Up to 7 days after treatment (24 hours, 72 hours, and day 7)

Postoperative pain intensity will be assessed using a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ranging from 0 (no pain) to 100 (unbearable pain). Participants will record their pain intensity at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 1 week after treatment. Mean VAS scores at each time point will be compared among the four treatment groups.

Up to 7 days after treatment (24 hours, 72 hours, and day 7)

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Periapical Radiographic Healing Assessed Using the Periapical Index (PAI)
Prazo: From baseline through 12 months after treatment (baseline, immediately post-treatment, month 6, and month 12)

Periapical radiographic healing will be assessed using digital periapical radiographs obtained with the paralleling technique. Periapical status will be evaluated using the Periapical Index (PAI), scored from 1 (normal periapical structures) to 5 (severe periodontitis with exacerbating features). Teeth with PAI scores of 1 or 2 will be classified as healed, whereas teeth with PAI scores of 3, 4, or 5 will be classified as not healed. Changes in PAI scores will be evaluated over time and compared among treatment groups. Periapical healing will be assessed using the Periapical Index (PAI) before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at 6 and 12 months after treatment.

From baseline through 12 months after treatment (baseline, immediately post-treatment, month 6, and month 12)

Outras medidas de resultado

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Changes in Root Canal Microbial Composition
Prazo: Day 1 (before treatment, after irrigation activation, and after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy)

hanges in root canal microbial composition will be assessed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of samples collected at three treatment stages. Taxonomic profiles will be evaluated before and after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and compared among the standard needle irrigation (SNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and laser-activated irrigation (LAI) grou

Day 1 (before treatment, after irrigation activation, and after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy)
Changes in Microbial Functional Gene Profiles
Prazo: Day 1 (before treatment, after irrigation activation, and after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy)

Changes in microbial functional gene profiles will be evaluated using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of root canal samples collected at S1, S2, and S3. Functional gene profiles will be compared across sampling stages and among the SNI, PUI, and LAI groups

Day 1 (before treatment, after irrigation activation, and after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy)
Changes in Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Profiles
Prazo: Day 1 (before treatment, after irrigation activation, and after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy)

Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in root canal microbial samples will be characterized using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Changes in ARG profiles will be evaluated across S1, S2, and S3 and compared among the SNI, PUI, and LAI groups.

Day 1 (before treatment, after irrigation activation, and after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy)
Changes in Intracanal Inflammatory Cytokine Levels
Prazo: Day 1 (before treatment, after irrigation activation, and after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy)

Intracanal levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in samples collected at S1, S2, and S3. Changes in cytokine levels will be evaluated across sampling stages and compared among the four study groups.

Day 1 (before treatment, after irrigation activation, and after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy)

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Investigadores

  • Investigador principal: Nihan Çelik Uzun, Assistant Professor, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Dentistry

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Real)

1 de outubro de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

30 de dezembro de 2026

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

1 de maio de 2027

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

13 de outubro de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

4 de novembro de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

6 de novembro de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

6 de novembro de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

4 de novembro de 2026

Última verificação

1 de outubro de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • 25-AKD-307

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Descrição do plano IPD

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared with other researchers to protect participant privacy and confidentiality. Study findings will be reported in aggregate form in scientific publications

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Essas informações foram obtidas diretamente do site clinicaltrials.gov sem nenhuma alteração. Se você tiver alguma solicitação para alterar, remover ou atualizar os detalhes do seu estudo, entre em contato com register@clinicaltrials.gov. Assim que uma alteração for implementada em clinicaltrials.gov, ela também será atualizada automaticamente em nosso site .