左乙拉西坦与卡马西平在卒中后迟发性危机中的对比 (EpIc)
评估左乙拉西坦与卡马西平在卒中后迟发危机中的疗效和安全性的多中心、比较、随机、公开试验
研究概览
详细说明
中风是老年人癫痫发作的最常见原因,癫痫发作是中风最常见的后遗症之一。
大约 10% 的患者在中风发作后长达数年经历癫痫发作 (Silverman 2002)。 任意以 2 周为分界点将早期癫痫发作与晚期癫痫发作分开(Honey 2000,Olofson 2000,Berger 1989)。晚期癫痫发作似乎具有较高的癫痫风险(Wilmore 1990)。
一些患有单次中风相关癫痫发作的患者发生癫痫的风险高到足以证明在第二次癫痫发作发生之前开始抗惊厥治疗是合理的(Labovitz 2003)。
左乙拉西坦 (S-α-ethil-2-oxo-pyrrolidine acetamide) 是吡咯烷衍生物的 S-对映异构体,与任何其他 AED 无关,具有独特的临床前和临床特征 (Gower et al 1992)。
左乙拉西坦 (LEV) 与 CNS 中可饱和和可逆的立体特异性结合位点结合 (Noyer 1995)。 该位点实际上称为 LBS 左乙拉西坦结合位点)是独一无二的,不对应于可能参与神经兴奋性的任何已知受体或通道(Gillard 2003)。
LEV 选择性抑制 CA1 锥体海马神经元的 N 型 Ca2 通道(Lukyanetz 等 2002),尽管对 GABA 门控电流没有任何活性,但它显示出逆转负变构调节剂锌和β-咔啉对 GABAA 和甘氨酸受体介导的反应 (Rigo et al. 2002)。
LEV 对正常神经元没有影响(Birnstiel 等人,1997 年)LEV 与其他 AED 一样具有减少重复神经元放电的作用,但只有 LEV 减少了诱发 PS 的同步放电(振幅)的细胞数量(Margineau 和 Klitgaard 2000)。
通过对 904 名继发性或非全身性部分性癫痫发作且先前治疗未得到很好控制的患者进行的三项关键性随机双盲、安慰剂对照、平行研究确定了药物的疗效(Shorvon 等人,2000 年;Ben-Menachem等人 2000 年;Cereghino 等人 2000 年)。在这三项研究中,LEV 显示癫痫发作频率显着降低。 对这三项研究结果的汇总分析支持左乙拉西坦的剂量反应效应:接受左乙拉西坦 1000、2000、3000 mg/天治疗的患者的反应率分别为 28.5%、34.3% 和 41.3%,而安慰剂组为 13.1%团体。 完全无癫痫发作的相应值为 4.7、6.3、8.6 和 0.8%(Privitera 2002,Boon 等,2002)。
在对 1422 名接受左乙拉西坦治疗的患者的数据进行的回顾中,38.6% 的患者癫痫发作频率减少了 ≥ 50%,20% 的患者减少了 ≥ 75%。 本研究未采用盲法,因为该研究的目的之一是尽可能模拟日常临床实践。
研究类型
注册 (预期的)
阶段
- 第三阶段
联系人和位置
学习地点
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Ancona、意大利、60020
- 尚未招聘
- Policlinico Umberto I
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首席研究员:
- LEANDRO PROVINCIALI
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Brindisi、意大利、72100
- 招聘中
- Ospedale A. Perrino
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首席研究员:
- BRUNO PASSARELLA
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Catania、意大利、95126
- 尚未招聘
- Ospedale Cannizzaro
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首席研究员:
- ERMINIO COSTANZO
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Genova、意大利
- 招聘中
- Ospedale San Martino
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首席研究员:
- carlo GANDOLFO
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Imperia、意大利、18100
- 招聘中
- Ospedale Civile Imperia ASL 1
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首席研究员:
- Carlo SERRATI
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Napoli、意大利、80131
- 招聘中
- Ospedale A. Cardarelli-
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首席研究员:
- MAURO PAGLIUCA, Dr.
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Napoli、意大利、80131
- 尚未招聘
- Ospedale Cardarelli
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首席研究员:
- VINCENZO ROSSI
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Palermo、意大利、90100
- 尚未招聘
- Ospedale Civico
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首席研究员:
- ERALDO NATALE'
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Piacenza、意大利、29100
- 招聘中
- Osp. Guglielmo da Saliceto
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首席研究员:
- DONATA GUIDETTI
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Reggio Emilia、意大利、42100
- 招聘中
- Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova
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首席研究员:
- Romana RIZZI
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Taranto、意大利
- 招聘中
- Ospedale SS. Annunziata - Ospedale Civile
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首席研究员:
- saverio INTERNO'
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Torino、意大利
- 招聘中
- Ospedale Molinette-Università di Torino
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首席研究员:
- Dario GIOBBE
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Trieste、意大利、34149
- 招聘中
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Trieste
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首席研究员:
- FABIO CHIODO GRANDI
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AL
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Novi Ligure、AL、意大利、15057
- 尚未招聘
- Ospedale S. Giacomo
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首席研究员:
- MARCO AGUGGIA
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CN
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Cuneo、CN、意大利、12100
- 尚未招聘
- Ospedale S. Croce e Carle
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首席研究员:
- ENZO GRASSO
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GE
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Genova、GE、意大利、16132
- 招聘中
- Ospedale S. Martino
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首席研究员:
- GIOVANNI REGESTA
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MI
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Rozzano、MI、意大利、20089
- 招聘中
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas
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首席研究员:
- GIUSEPPE MICIELI
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PG
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Città della Pieve、PG、意大利、06062
- 尚未招聘
- USL 2 Ospedale B.G. Villa
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首席研究员:
- STEFANO RICCI
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Foligno、PG、意大利
- 招聘中
- Ospedale Civile San Giovanni Battista di Foligno
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首席研究员:
- Pierluigi BRUSTENGHI
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Sant'Andrea delle Fratte、PG、意大利、06131
- 尚未招聘
- Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia
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首席研究员:
- ANNA CANTISANI
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PV
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Pavia、PV、意大利、27100
- 尚未招聘
- Istituto Neurologico C. Mondino
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接触:
- Anna Cavallini, doctor
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首席研究员:
- Anna Cavallini, doctor
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RG
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Vittoria、RG、意大利、97019
- 招聘中
- Ospedale Guzzardi
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首席研究员:
- FRANCESCO IEMOLO
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VE
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Portogruaro、VE、意大利、30026
- 招聘中
- Ospedale di Portogruaro
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首席研究员:
- SEBASTIANO D'ANNA
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VV
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Vibo Valentia、VV、意大利、89900
- 招聘中
- Ospedale Civile
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首席研究员:
- domenico consoli, doctor
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
接受健康志愿者
有资格学习的性别
描述
纳入标准:
- 中风(缺血性和出血性)患者在中风后 14 天至 3 年内出现(一次)继发性癫痫发作
- 患者已签署知情同意书
- 年龄≥18岁
排除标准:
- Rankin 量表 > 3 的严重中风患者
- 预期寿命<12个月的患者
- 患者在首次癫痫发作后超过 15 天接受筛查
- 确诊为癫痫的患者
- 有明显肌阵挛发作证据的患者
- 有左乙拉西坦和卡马西平使用禁忌症的患者
- 患者在发作时呈现癫痫状态
- 患有 MMSE 的患者
- 卒中前癫痫发作的患者
- 在研究中随机分组前 4 周服用任何 AED 的患者
- 中风后出现吞咽困难的患者无法吞咽药片。
- 研究依从性低的患者
- 未使用医学上可接受的节育方法的孕妇、哺乳期妇女或有生育能力的性活跃妇女。
- 对吡咯烷衍生物和/或片剂赋形剂或卡马西平衍生物和/或片剂赋形剂过敏或不耐受
- 随机分组前 30 天参与另一项临床试验的患者
- 任何肿瘤患者
- 既往有过脑外伤导致意识障碍的患者。
- 无法评估癫痫发作的患者
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 主要用途:治疗
- 分配:随机化
- 介入模型:并行分配
- 屏蔽:无(打开标签)
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
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实验性的:列维
左乙拉西坦
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左乙拉西坦片 250-500 毫克。
药物剂量将从前 2 周的 250 mg bid 增加到治疗期剩余期间的 500 mg bid。
剂量可以增加到 1500 mg bid,如果危机持续,研究者判断,或者如果出现不良事件,可以减少剂量
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有源比较器:车
卡马西平
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卡马西平片 200 毫克。
药物剂量将从前 3 天的 100 mg die 增加到第 4 至 7 天的 100 mg bid,在第 2 周增加到 200 mg bid,在其余治疗期间增加到 300 mg bid。
剂量可以增加到 800 毫克 bid,如果危机持续,研究者判断,或者如果出现不良事件,可以减少剂量
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研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
大体时间 |
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没有中风后复发危机的患者人数
大体时间:一年
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一年
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|
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比较 LEV 与 CBZ 在整个治疗期间自首次摄入以来的保留时间
大体时间:一年
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一年
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比较两种治疗中第二次癫痫发作的时间。
大体时间:一年
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一年
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评估左乙拉西坦和卡马西平治疗结束时脑卒中后癫痫发作患者认知功能和生活质量的差异
大体时间:一年
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一年
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评估脑电图变化与基线和治疗期结束时获得的变化相比
大体时间:一年
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一年
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比较整个治疗期间左乙拉西坦和卡马西平组的癫痫发作频率
大体时间:一年
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一年
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评估左乙拉西坦与卡马西平在整个治疗期间的安全性
大体时间:一年
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一年
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合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 首席研究员:domenico consoli, doctor、Ospedale Civile Vibo Valentia
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
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- Angehagen M, Margineanu DG, Ben-Menachem E, Ronnback L, Hansson E, Klitgaard H. Levetiracetam reduces caffeine-induced Ca2+ transients and epileptiform potentials in hippocampal neurons. Neuroreport. 2003 Mar 3;14(3):471-5. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200303030-00035.
- Silverman IE, Restrepo L, Mathews GC. Poststroke seizures. Arch Neurol. 2002 Feb;59(2):195-201. doi: 10.1001/archneur.59.2.195.
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- Inzitari D. The Italian Guidelines for stroke prevention. The Stroke Prevention and Educational Awareness Diffusion (SPREAD) Collaboration. Neurol Sci. 2000 Feb;21(1):5-12. doi: 10.1007/s100720070112. No abstract available.
- Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Kurland LT. Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935-1984. Epilepsia. 1993 May-Jun;34(3):453-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02586.x.
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- - Cramer J, De Rue K, Devinsky O, Edrich P, Trimble MR. A systematic review of the behavioral effects of levetiracetam in adults with epilepsy, cognitive disorder or an anxiety disorder during clinical trial. Epilepsy Behav. 2003;4:124-132 - Cramer JA, Ben-Menachem E, Franch J. Review of treatment options for refractory epilepsy: new medications and vagal nerve stimulation. Epilepsy Research 2001;47:17-25 - Cramer J.A., Leppik I.E., De Rue K., Eldrich P., Kramer G. - Tolerability of levetiracetam in elderly patients with CNS disorders - Epilepsy Research 2003; 56:135-145 - Devinsky O, Elger C. Efficacy of levetiracetam in partial seizure. Epileptic Disorder 2003;5(suppl 1):S27-S32
- - Ferrendelli J.A., French J., Leppik., Morrel M.J., Herbeuval A., Han J., Magnus L. - Use of levetiracetam in a population of patients aged 65 years and older: a subset analysis of the KEEPER trial - Epilepsy & Behavior 2003; 4:702-709 - French J, Edrich P, Cramer JA. A systematic review of safety profile of levetiracetam: a new antiepileptic drug. Epilepsy Res 2001;47:77-90 - Fucks B, Gillard M, Michel P, Lynch B, Vertongen P, Leprince P, Klitgaard H, Chatelain P. - Localisation and photoaffinity labelling of the levetriacetam dinding site in rat brain and certain cell lines Eur. J. Pharmacol 2003; 478, 11-19 - Gillard M, Fucks B, Michel P, Vertongen P, Massingham R, Chatelain P Binding characteristich of [3H]ucb 30889 to levetiracetam binding sites in rat brain Eur J Phamacol 2003; 478: 1-9
- Gower AJ, Hirsch E, Boehrer A, Noyer M, Marescaux C. Effects of levetiracetam, a novel antiepileptic drug, on convulsant activity in two genetic rat models of epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1995 Nov;22(3):207-13. doi: 10.1016/0920-1211(95)00077-1.
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- - Klitgaard H, Pitkanen A, Antiepileptogenesis, neuroprotection, and disease modification in the treatment of epilepsy: focus on levetiracetam. Epileptic disorder 2003; 5:S9-S16 - Kraemer G, Eldrich P. Levetiracetam in Elderly patients with epilepsy - The American Eplepsy Society and The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society - Joint Meeting November 30-December 5, 2001 - Krakow K, Walker M, Otoul C, Sander JWAS. Long-term continuation of Levetiracetam in patients with refractory epilepsy. Neurology 2001;56:1772-1774 - Krauss GL, Abou-khalil B, Sheth SG. Efficacy of levetiracetam for treatment fo drug-resistant generalised epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001;42(suppl 7):181 - Krauss GL, Betts T, Abou-Khalil B, Bergey G, Yarrow H, Miller A. Levetiracetam treatment of idiopathic generalised epilepsy. Seizure 2003;12:617-620
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- - Madeja M., Margineanu D.G., Gorji A., Siep E., Boerrigter P., Klitgaard H., Et Al. Reduction Of Voltage-Operated Potassium Currents By Levetiracetam: A Novel Antiepileptic Mechanism Of Action? - Neuropharmacology Oct-2003. 45(5):661-671. - Margineau D. G., Klitgaard Henrik Levetiracetam - Mechanism of action - Antiepilectic drugs, 5th edition. Edited by R.H. Levy, R.H. Mattson, B.S. Meldrum, and E.Perucca. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002 - Margineau DG, Klitgaard H Inhibition of neural hyperynchrony in vitro differentiates levetiracetam fro classical antiepileptic drugs Pharmacol. Research 2000; 42(4): 281-285 - Marson AG, Hutton JL, Leach JP. Levetiracetam, Oxcarbazepine, Remacemide and zonisamide for drug resistant localization-related epilepsy: a systematic review. Epilepsy Res 2001;46:259-270
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