此页面是自动翻译的，不保证翻译的准确性。请参阅英文版对于源文本。

提高接受家庭送餐的老年人的家庭食品供应的安全性和营养充足性

2016年3月21日更新者：Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

罗格斯大学将与五个州的 Meals on Wheels America (MOWA) 和附属机构合作开展一项研究，旨在改善在家中接受送餐服务 (HDM) 的居家老人的食品安全营养和应急准备。由于独特的生理和行为因素，这一人群患食源性疾病的风险增加，并且由于缺乏流动性，特别容易受到粮食系统任何破坏的影响。

将对 1,000 名 MOWA 居家老年客户的目标样本使用多方法研究方法。方法包括使用新颖的 UPC 扫描技术快速全面地对客户家中的所有食品进行分类、家庭食品安全审核和面对面访谈。

该研究的目的是更好地了解这一高危人群面临的独特食品安全威胁，提出简单、经济高效的方法来减少已知的食品安全风险因素，并提供有关食品数量和类型的明确指南这些人群在紧急情况下最需要的。研究结果和建议的传播将通过与 EDEN 和 MOWA 的合作来完成，这两个机构都有全国支持者准备就这些建议采取行动。

研究概览

地位

完全的

条件

详细说明

上门送餐 (HDM) 的老年人在家接受食源性疾病的风险增加，并且特别容易受到可能阻止食品交付或安全消费的中断的影响。此外，该人群中的认知和身体能力存在很大差异，获得财务资源和社会支持的范围也可能因个体和地域而异。此外，为这一人群提供服务的机构在很大程度上依赖于志愿者的时间和捐赠来开展他们的重要工作。因此，为确保其实施，旨在解决该人群食品安全问题的干预措施必须相对简单、有效且具有成本效益。

为解决这些问题，将采用多方法研究方法，将通用产品代码 (UPC) 扫描技术与动态增长的食品数据库及其相关营养参数相结合，对家庭食品供应进行分类，这是一种现存的家庭食品安全审计表，为研究使用而修改，以及在家庭访谈期间进行的计算机增强问卷。该项目将有助于了解这一高危人群的营养和食品安全差距，从而可以设计和测试干预措施，以改善 HDM 和居家老人可获得的家庭食品的食品安全. 它还将提供关于该人群在紧急情况下最需要的食物数量和类型的明确和有用的指南。研究结果和建议的传播将通过与扩展灾害教育网络 (EDEN) 和 MOWA 的合作来完成，这两个机构都有全国支持者准备就这些建议采取行动。

来自 5 个州（阿拉巴马州、加利福尼亚州、爱荷华州、新泽西州、南卡罗来纳州）的 HDM 机构将被有目的地选择，因为他们的 HDM 客户具有不同的特征，正如各州对 HDM 接受者的分析所确定的那样。有目的的州样本包括 MOWA 老年饥饿州排名中四个五分之一中的至少一个州，其中两个州来自前五分之一。所选择的州也代表了少数民族客户百分比的范围，一些少数民族人口比例很高，而一个则极低。最后，农村客户的比例从一个州的零到另一个州的近 70% 不等。这五个机构中的每一个都将被要求使用研究调查人员生成的随机数从其客户名册中抽取 200 名符合条件的 HDM 接受者来完成研究方案。将进行替换抽样，直到达到 200 名参与者的配额，或者每个机构内无法招募额外的合格客户。根据大约 900,000 名 HDM 接受者的人口，为每个机构选择了 200 名参与者的目标样本量，以提供 1000 名 HDM 接受者的总体目标样本，从而产生 ± 3.1% 的总体抽样误差率。

研究：

将分析 HDM 居家老年患者家庭食品环境的食品安全和质量参数，并确定这一高风险人群成员安全食品处理和储存实践的具体障碍。将测量冰箱/冰柜的温度并根据需要进行调整，以确保冷藏食品的储存温度低于 40 °F，冷冻食品的储存温度低于 0 °F。
将估计 HDM 居家老人的家庭食物供应的营养密度和充足性，并确定该人群缺乏营养的领域，并从特定的补充营养中受益，尤其是在紧急情况下。
将提出两项干预措施来改善居家的 HDM 老年患者的食品安全：在膳食上实施日期标签，以帮助防止食用可能不安全的老年食品；检查冰箱/冰柜温度以确定温度遵守/维护，并根据需要进行调整。
将与营养学家、应急准备专家、MOWA 和灾难教育推广网络 (EDEN) 合作，制定和传播专门针对居家老人需求量身定制的食品安全和应急准备建议。将为紧急食品提供者、家庭送餐提供者和老年人自己开发材料。

罗格斯大学将与 Meals on Wheels America (MOWA) 和选定的五个州的 MOWA 附属机构合作，对这一弱势群体进行深入研究，旨在改善 HDM 居家老人所食用食品的营养和安全，并通过确定和解决这一人群的关键营养需求，特别是在紧急情况下，加强国家的食品防御系统。

研究类型

观察性的

注册 (实际的)

740

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习地点

美国
- Arkansas
  - Little Rock、Arkansas、美国、72119-5988
    - CareLink
- California
  - Los Angeles、California、美国、90057
    - St. Vincent's Meals on Wheels
- Iowa
  - Cedar Rapids、Iowa、美国、52404
    - The Heritage Agency on Aging
- New Jersey
  - Linden、New Jersey、美国、07036
    - Linden Meals on Wheels
  - New Brunswick、New Jersey、美国、08902
    - Rutgers University
- South Carolina
  - Greenville、South Carolina、美国、29605-1780
    - Greenville Meals on Wheels
- Virginia
  - Arlington、Virginia、美国、22202
    - Meals on Wheels America

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

60年及以上 (成人、年长者)

接受健康志愿者

不

有资格学习的性别

全部

取样方法

非概率样本

研究人群

在家送餐至少 6 个月的接受者，他们：独居，年满 60 岁，没有明显的认知障碍，并且来自 5 个州（阿肯色州、加利福尼亚州、爱荷华州、新泽西州和南卡罗来纳州；每个州一个站点）。

描述

纳入标准：

60岁以上
独居
没有明显的认知障碍
在家访之前至少 6 个月接受送餐上门

排除标准：

< 60 岁
不要一个人住
明显的认知障碍
在家访之前接受家庭送餐的时间少于 6 个月

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

观测模型：仅案例
时间观点：横截面

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量	措施说明	大体时间
食品安全厨房审核分数大体时间：第一天	通过对每个家庭的审核问题的肯定回答求和，计算出 7 级家庭食品安全厨房审核分数。每个量表上的项目从 3-12 不等，总分从 0 到 43，并且所有项目的权重相等。	第一天
营养充足率 (NAR) 大体时间：第一天	家庭营养充足率是根据每种食物 2,000 千卡饮食的每日营养值求和计算得出的。 NAR 是推荐值为 1 的比率，>1 表示高于推荐值，<1 表示不足。	第一天

次要结果测量

结果测量	措施说明	大体时间
营养质量评分 (QS) 大体时间：第一天	通过将 6 种推荐营养素的 NAR 相加并将结果除以每个家庭家庭食物供应中非推荐营养素的 NAR，计算出家庭营养质量总分。质量得分是一个比率，其中推荐值为 1，>1 表示高于推荐值，<1 表示不足。	第一天

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

调查人员

首席研究员：William K Hallman, PhD、Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey
首席研究员：Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, PhD, RD、Department of Nutrition, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey

出版物和有用的链接

负责输入研究信息的人员自愿提供这些出版物。这些可能与研究有关。

一般刊物

Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, Bravata DM, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Makuc DM, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, Moy CS, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino ME, Nichol G, Paynter NP, Soliman EZ, Sorlie PD, Sotoodehnia N, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics--2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012 Jan 3;125(1):188-97. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182456d46. No abstract available. Erratum In: Circulation. 2012 Jun 5;125(22):e1001.
Rolls BJ. Do chemosensory changes influence food intake in the elderly? Physiol Behav. 1999 Apr;66(2):193-7. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00264-9.
Albertson AM, Wold AC, Joshi N. Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption Patterns: The Relationship to Nutrient Intake, Whole Grain Intake, and Body Mass Index in an Older American Population. J Aging Res. 2012;2012:631310. doi: 10.1155/2012/631310. Epub 2012 Oct 10.
Aldrich N, Benson WF. Disaster preparedness and the chronic disease needs of vulnerable older adults. Prev Chronic Dis. 2008 Jan;5(1):A27. Epub 2007 Dec 15.
Anderson AL, Verrill LA, Sahyoun NR. Food safety perceptions and practices of older adults. Public Health Rep. 2011 Mar-Apr;126(2):220-7. doi: 10.1177/003335491112600213.
Almanza BA, Namkung Y, Ismail JA, Nelson DC. Clients' safe food-handling knowledge and risk behavior in a home-delivered meal program. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007 May;107(5):816-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.02.043.
Altshuler, N & Schimmel, J. USDHHS, Administration on Aging. Aging in Place: Do Older Americans Act Title III Services Reach Those Most Likely to Enter Nursing Homes? Research Brief Number 1, 2010. Available at: http://www.aoa.gov/aoaroot/program_results/docs/2010/AoA1_NursingHomes_012011.pdf Accessed on 06/23/14.
Barile JP, Thompson WW, Zack MM, Krahn GL, Horner-Johnson W, Bowen SE. Multiple chronic medical conditions and health-related quality of life in older adults, 2004-2006. Prev Chronic Dis. 2013 Sep 26;10:E162. doi: 10.5888/pcd10.120282.
Barrett, A & Schimmel, J. USDHHS, Administration on Aging. OAA Title III Services Target the Most Vulnerable Elderly in the United States. Research Brief Number 2, 2010. Available at: http://www.aoa.gov/Program_Results/docs/2010/AoA_2_HealthStatus_041311.pdf Accessed on 06/23/2014.
Blackburn ML, Bruhn CM, Miller LS, Ganthavorn C, Ober BA. Seniors, and their food handlers and caregivers, need food safety and nutrition education. Calif Agric. 2014;68(1):30-37. DOI: 10.3733/ca.v068n01p30.
Bouillon K, Kivimaki M, Hamer M, Shipley MJ, Akbaraly TN, Tabak A, Singh-Manoux A, Batty GD. Diabetes risk factors, diabetes risk algorithms, and the prediction of future frailty: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013 Nov;14(11):851.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.08.016. Epub 2013 Oct 6.
Buzby JC. Older adults at risk of complications from microbial foodborne illness. Food Review. 2002;25(2):30-35.
Byrd-Bredbenner C, Maurer J, Wheatley V, Cottone E, Clancy M. Food safety hazards lurk in the kitchens of young adults. J Food Prot. 2007 Apr;70(4):991-6. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.4.991.
Byrd-Bredbenner C, Abbot JM, Cussler E. Nutrient profile of household food supplies of families with young children. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Dec;109(12):2057-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.09.006.
Byrd-Bredbenner C, Schaffner DW, Maurer Abbot J. How food safe is your home kitchen? A self-directed home kitchen audit. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2010 Jul-Aug;42(4):286-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2010.01.008. No abstract available.
Cates SC, Kosa KM, Karns S, Godwin SL, Speller-Henderson L, Harrison R, Ann Draughon F. Food Safety Knowledge and Practices among Older Adults: Identifying Causes and Solutions for Risky Behaviors. J Nutr Elder. 2009 Apr;28(2):112-26. doi: 10.1080/01639360902949986.
Champion V & Skinner C. The Health Belief Model. In: Glanz K, Rimer B, Viswanath K, eds. Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice, 4th Ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2008:45-66.
Chobanian AV, Hill M. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop on Sodium and Blood Pressure : a critical review of current scientific evidence. Hypertension. 2000 Apr;35(4):858-63. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.35.4.858. No abstract available.
Choi BC, Pak AW. A catalog of biases in questionnaires. Prev Chronic Dis. 2005 Jan;2(1):A13. Epub 2004 Dec 15.
Darmon P, Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Sieber CC, Pichard C. Restrictive diets in the elderly: never say never again? Clin Nutr. 2010 Apr;29(2):170-4. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.11.002. Epub 2009 Nov 22.
Dickinson A, Wills W, Meah A, Short F. Food safety and older people: the Kitchen Life study. Br J Community Nurs. 2014 May;19(5):226, 228-32. doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2014.19.5.226.
Donelson, SM; Murtaugh, CM; Feldman, PH; Hijjazi, K; Bruno, L; Zeppie, S; Neder, SK; Quint, E; Huang, L; Clark, A.. Clarifying the definition of homebound and medical necessity using OASIS data: Final report executive summary (2001). Center for Home Care Policy and Research. Available at: http://aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/reports/2001/OASISfres.htm. Accessed on 03/21/2014.
Drewnowski A, Fulgoni V 3rd. Nutrient profiling of foods: creating a nutrient-rich food index. Nutr Rev. 2008 Jan;66(1):23-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.00003.x.
Edfors E, Westergren A. Home-Living Elderly People's Views on Food and Meals. J Aging Res. 2012;2012:761291. doi: 10.1155/2012/761291. Epub 2012 Sep 9.
Evans EW, Redmond EC. Analysis of older adults' domestic kitchen storage practices in the United Kingdom: identification of risk factors associated with listeriosis. J Food Prot. 2015 Apr;78(4):738-45. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-14-527.
Field A. Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, 4th Edition SAGE Publications Ltd. Thousand Oaks, CA; 4th edition (January 24, 2013). IISBN-13: 978-1446249185.
Fey-Yensan N, English C, Ash S, Wallace C, Museler H. Food safety risk identified in a population of elderly home-delivered meal participants. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001 Sep;101(9):1055-7. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00259-0. No abstract available.
Fogler-Levitt E, Lau D, Csima A, Krondl M, Coleman P. Utilization of home-delivered meals by recipients 75 years of age or older. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 May;95(5):552-7. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00150-6.
Frewer L, Shepherd R, Sparks P. The interrelationship between perceived knowledge, control, and risk associated with a range of food-related hazards targeted at the individual, other people, and society. J Food Safety. 1994;14(1):19-40. DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4565.1994.tb00581.x
Gerhard T. Bias: considerations for research practice. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008 Nov 15;65(22):2159-68. doi: 10.2146/ajhp070369. Erratum In: Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008 Dec 1;65(23):2192.
GfK Social Research. Public Attitudes to Food Issues - Further analysis on those aged 65 and over. London: Food Safety Standards; 2009. Available at: http://tna.europarchive.org/20111116080332/http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/pafiover65.pdf Accessed on 10/06/2015.
Gollub EA, Weddle DO. Improvements in nutritional intake and quality of life among frail homebound older adults receiving home-delivered breakfast and lunch. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Aug;104(8):1227-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2004.05.204.
Gopinath B, Flood VM, McMahon CM, Burlutsky G, Brand-Miller J, Mitchell P. Dietary glycemic load is a predictor of age-related hearing loss in older adults. J Nutr. 2010 Dec;140(12):2207-12. doi: 10.3945/jn.110.128462. Epub 2010 Oct 6.
Green AK, Jacques PF, Rogers G, Fox CS, Meigs JB, McKeown NM. Sugar-sweetened beverages and prevalence of the metabolically abnormal phenotype in the Framingham Heart Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 May;22(5):E157-63. doi: 10.1002/oby.20724. Epub 2014 Mar 8.
Guthrie HA, Scheer JC. Validity of a dietary score for assessing nutrient adequacy. J Am Diet Assoc. 1981 Mar;78(3):240-5.
He, W; Sengupta, M; Velkoff, VA; DeBarros, KA. 65+ in the United States: Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, and U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau; 2005. Available at: http://www.census.gov/prod/2006pubs/p23-209.pdf. Accessed on 04/22/14.
Heron M. Deaths: leading causes for 2010. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2013 Dec 20;62(6):1-96.
Kleinman R & Foster L. USDHHS, Administration on Aging. Multiple Chronic Conditions Among OAA Title III Program Participants. Research Brief Number 4, 2011. Available at: http://www.aoa.gov/aoaroot/program_results/docs/2011/AoA4_Chronic_508.pdf Accessed on 06/23/2014.
Kosa KM, Cates SC, Godwin SL, Ball M, Harrison RE. Effectiveness of educational interventions to improve food safety practices among older adults. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;30(4):369-83. doi: 10.1080/21551197.2011.623943.
Kosa KM, Cates SC, Karns S, Godwin SL, Chambers D. Consumer home refrigeration practices: results of a web-based survey. J Food Prot. 2007 Jul;70(7):1640-9. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.7.1640.
IOM. Institute of Medicine. Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States.Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Strategies-to-Reduce-Sodium-Intake-in-the-United-states.aspx Accessed on 042214.
Iuliano S, Olden A, Woods J. Meeting the nutritional needs of elderly residents in aged-care: are we doing enough? J Nutr Health Aging. 2013;17(6):503-8. doi: 10.1007/s12603-013-0042-7.
Jacobson MF, Havas S, McCarter R. Changes in sodium levels in processed and restaurant foods, 2005 to 2011. JAMA Intern Med. 2013 Jul 22;173(14):1285-91. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.6154.
Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Augustin LS, Franceschi S, Hamidi M, Marchie A, Jenkins AL, Axelsen M. Glycemic index: overview of implications in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;76(1):266S-73S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76/1.266S.
Johnson AE, Donkin AJ, Morgan K, Lilley JM, Neale RJ, Page RM, Silburn R. Food safety knowledge and practice among elderly people living at home. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998 Nov;52(11):745-8. doi: 10.1136/jech.52.11.745.
Johnson DB, Beaudoin S, Smith LT, Beresford SA, LoGerfo JP. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake in homebound elders: the Seattle Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Pilot Program. Prev Chronic Dis. 2004 Jan;1(1):A03. Epub 2003 Dec 15.
Joung HW, Kim HS, Yuan JJ, Huffman L. Service quality, satisfaction, and behavioral intention in home delivered meals program. Nutr Res Pract. 2011 Apr;5(2):163-8. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.2.163. Epub 2011 Apr 25.
Kamp BJ, Wellman NS, Russell C; American Dietetic Association; American Society for Nutrition; Society for Nutrition Education. Position of the American Dietetic Association, American Society for Nutrition, and Society for Nutrition Education: Food and nutrition programs for community-residing older adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Mar;110(3):463-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.12.009.
Keller HH. Meal programs improve nutritional risk: a longitudinal analysis of community-living seniors. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Jul;106(7):1042-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.04.023.
Kretser AJ, Voss T, Kerr WW, Cavadini C, Friedmann J. Effects of two models of nutritional intervention on homebound older adults at nutritional risk. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003 Mar;103(3):329-36. doi: 10.1053/jada.2003.50052.
Lund BM, O'Brien SJ. The occurrence and prevention of foodborne disease in vulnerable people. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2011 Sep;8(9):961-73. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2011.0860. Epub 2011 May 11.
Martin-Biggers J, Yorkin M, Aljallad C, Ciecierski C, Akhabue I, McKinley J, Hernandez K, Yablonsky C, Jackson R, Quick V, Byrd-Bredbenner C. What foods are US supermarkets promoting? A content analysis of supermarket sales circulars. Appetite. 2013 Mar;62:160-5. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.001. Epub 2012 Dec 8.
Millen BE, Ohls JC, Ponza M, McCool AC. The elderly nutrition program: an effective national framework for preventive nutrition interventions. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002 Feb;102(2):234-40. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90055-6.
Morley JE. Decreased food intake with aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Oct;56 Spec No 2:81-8. doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.suppl_2.81.
MOW. History of Meals on Wheels Programs (2014).. Available at: http://www.nwsds.org/content/Senior%20Meals/History%20of%20Meals%20on%20Wheels%20Program.pdf Accessed on 11/19/2015.
Nieuwenhuizen WF, Weenen H, Rigby P, Hetherington MM. Older adults and patients in need of nutritional support: review of current treatment options and factors influencing nutritional intake. Clin Nutr. 2010 Apr;29(2):160-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.09.003. Epub 2009 Oct 13.
NLEA. Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (1990). Available at, http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/LabelingNutrition/ucm2006828.htm Accessed on 03/21/14.
NSF International. The Public Health and Safety Organization. Food expiration dates survey. Available at: http://www.nsf.org/consumer-resources/studies-articles/surveys/food-expiration-datessurvey Accessed on 09/16/2015.
Older Americans. Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. Older Americans 2012: Key Indicators of Well-Being. Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. June 2012. Available at: http://www.agingstats.gov/Main_Site/Data/2012_Documents/docs/EntireChartbook.pdf Accessed on 03/21/2014.
Ouellette J & Wood W. Habit and intention in everyday life: the multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychol Bulletin. 1998;124:54-74. DOI: 0033-2909198.
Pouillot R, Hoelzer K, Jackson KA, Henao OL, Silk BJ. Relative risk of listeriosis in Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites according to age, pregnancy, and ethnicity. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Jun;54 Suppl 5:S405-10. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis269.
Qiu WQ, Dean M, Liu T, George L, Gann M, Cohen J, Bruce ML. Physical and mental health of homebound older adults: an overlooked population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Dec;58(12):2423-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03161.x. Epub 2010 Nov 10.
Quinlan JJ. Foodborne illness incidence rates and food safety risks for populations of low socioeconomic status and minority race/ethnicity: a review of the literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013 Aug 15;10(8):3634-52. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10083634.
Woodburn MJ, Raab CA. Household Food Preparers' Food-Safety Knowledge and Practices Following Widely Publicized Outbreaks of Foodborne Illness. J Food Prot. 1997 Sep;60(9):1105-1109. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X-60.9.1105.
Raab CA & Woodburn MJ. Changing risk perceptions and food-handling practices of Oregon household food preparers. Int J Consum Stud. & Home Economics. 1997;21(2): 117-130. DOI: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.1997.tb00274.x.
Remond D, Shahar DR, Gille D, Pinto P, Kachal J, Peyron MA, Dos Santos CN, Walther B, Bordoni A, Dupont D, Tomas-Cobos L, Vergeres G. Understanding the gastrointestinal tract of the elderly to develop dietary solutions that prevent malnutrition. Oncotarget. 2015 Jun 10;6(16):13858-98. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.4030.
Roseman MG. Food safety perceptions and behaviors of participants in congregate-meal and home-delivered-meal programs. J Environ Health. 2007 Sep;70(2):13-21, 44.
Roseman MG & Hayek K. Determining the success of food safety education to elderly participating in congregate and home-delivered meal programs. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105(8), Supp.13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.05.029.
Schefske SD, Bellows AC, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Cuite CL, Rapport H, Vivar T, Hallman WK. Nutrient analysis of varying socioeconomic status home food environments in New Jersey. Appetite. 2010 Apr;54(2):384-9. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.01.007. Epub 2010 Jan 15.
Scheidt DM, Daniel E. Composite index for aggregating nutrient density using food labels: ratio of recommended to restricted food components. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2004 Jan-Feb;36(1):35-9. doi: 10.1016/s1499-4046(06)60126-7.
Schiffman SS. Effects of aging on the human taste system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Jul;1170:725-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03924.x.
Sharkey JR, Branch LG, Zohoori N, Giuliani C, Busby-Whitehead J, Haines PS. Inadequate nutrient intakes among homebound elderly and their correlation with individual characteristics and health-related factors. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;76(6):1435-45. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.6.1435.
Smith JL. Foodborne illness in the elderly. J Food Prot. 1998 Sep;61(9):1229-39. Review.
Stevens J, Bryant M, Wang L, Borja J, Bentley ME. Exhaustive measurement of food items in the home using a universal product code scanner. Public Health Nutr. 2011 Feb;14(2):314-8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980010001837. Epub 2010 Jul 6.
Tasevska N, Park Y, Jiao L, Hollenbeck A, Subar AF, Potischman N. Sugars and risk of mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 May;99(5):1077-88. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.069369. Epub 2014 Feb 19.
Thermostatic Mixing Valve Manufacturers Association (TMVA). Recommended code of practice for safe water temperatures for infants and elderly. London: 2000. Available at: www.beama.org.uk/asset/022A6360-7B36-4F5B-A192238D9C4F896E/ Accessed on 03/03/2015.
Thomas KS, Mor V. Providing more home-delivered meals is one way to keep older adults with low care needs out of nursing homes. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013 Oct;32(10):1796-802. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0390.
Thomas KS, Mor V. The relationship between older Americans Act Title III state expenditures and prevalence of low-care nursing home residents. Health Serv Res. 2013 Jun;48(3):1215-26. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12015. Epub 2012 Dec 3.
Thomas KS & Dosa D. More Than a Meal: results from a March, 2015 pilot - a randomized control trial of home-delivered meal programs. Available at: http://www.mealsonwheelsamerica.org/theissue/facts-resources/more-than-a-meal Accessed on 09/13/2015.
U.S. Census Bureau. National Population Projections: Table 3. Percent distribution of the projected population by selected age groups and sex for the United States: 2010 to 2050. Released 8/2008 (based on Census 2000). Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Available at: http://www.census.gov/population/projections/data/national/2008/summarytables.html Accessed on 03/21/2014.
U.S. Census Bureau. DeNavas-Walt, C; Proctor, BD; Smith, JC. Current Population Reports, P60-239, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2010, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Available at: https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/p60-239.pdf Accessed on 03/21/2014.
U.S. Census Bureau. Annual estimates of the resident population by sex and selected age groups for the United States: July 1 2010 - 2012. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Available at: https://www.census.gov/popest/data/national/asrh/2012/index.html; Accessed on 03/21/2014.
U.S. Census Bureau. State & County: QuickFacts 2014. Available at: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/00000.html Accessed on 09/19/2015.
USDHHS, AoA. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Aging: First national survey of older Americans act Title III service recipients 2002-2003. Available at: https://aoasurvey.org/docs/1st_highlights.pdf Accessed on 10/02/2015.
USDHHS, AoA. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Aging. Nutrition Services: Title IIIC2 Older Americans Act & Section 336. Available at: http://www.aoa.gov/AoA_programs/HCLTC/Nutrition_Services/index.aspx Accessed on 03/21/2014.
USDHHS, AoA. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Aging: Elderly nutrition program (2013). Available at: http://www.acl.gov/NewsRoom/Publications/docs/Elderly_Nutrition_Programs_1.pdf Accessed on 10/15/2015.
USDHHS, ACL. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Community Living, Administration on Aging: Aging statistics. (2007). Available at: http://www.aoa.acl.gov/Aging_Statistics/Profile/2007/8.aspx Accessed on 09/19/2015.
USDHHS, ACL. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Community Living, Administration on Aging: Aging Statistics. (2014). Available at: www.aoa.acl.gov/Aging_Statistics/index.aspx Accessed on 09/19/ 2015.
USDHHS, CDC. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A Cup of Health with CDC: More to Consider Than the Salt Shaker Sodium Intake: Quantities and Food Sources - United States, 2005-2006. Recorded: June 22, 2010; posted: July 1, 2010 Available at: http://www2c.cdc.gov/podcasts/media/pdf/mmwr5_070110_transcript.pdf Accessed on 05/08/2014.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Incidence and trends of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food - foodborne diseases active surveillance network, 10 U.S. sites, 1996-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Apr 19;62(15):283-7.
USDHHS, CDC. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011 Estimates of foodborne illness in the United States. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/2011-foodborne-estimates.html Accessed on 09/15/2015.
USDHHS, CDC. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthy people 2020. Available at: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/food-safety Accessed on 12/05/2015.
USDHHS, CMMS. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Medicare Benefit Policy Manual Chapter 7 - Home Health Services Rev. 208, 05-11-15 30.1.1 - Patient confined to the home (2015). Available at: https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Guidance/Manuals/Internet-Only-Manuals-Ioms-Items/Cms012673.html Accessed on 10/09/2015.
USDHHS, FDA. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Guide to nutrition labeling and education act (NLEA) requirements. Nutritional Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) Requirements (8/94 - 2/95). Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food & Drug Administration(1995). Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/Inspections/InspectionGuides/ucm074948.htm Accessed on 03/21/2014.
USDHHS, FDA. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Appendix F: Calculate the Percent Daily Value for the Appropriate Nutrients Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide - Guidance, Compliance & Regulatory Information (2008). Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/FoodLabelingGuide/ucm064928.htm . Accessed on 03/21/2014
USDHHS, FDA. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Refrigerator thermometers: cold facts about food safety. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/food/foodborneillnesscontaminants/buystoreservesafefood/ucm253954.htm Accessed on 03/17/2015.
USDHHS, FDA. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Food safety: it's especially important for at-risk groups. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/PeopleAtRisk/ucm352830.htm Accessed on 09/13/2015.
USDHHS, FDA & USDA. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration & U.S. Department of Agriculture - Food Safety and Inspection Service. Food Safety for people with diabetes: a need-to know guide for those who have been diagnosed with diabetes. 2011, Rev. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/PeopleAtRisk/ucm312706.htm Accessed 11/02/2015.
USDHHS, FDA & USDA. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration & U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food safety for older adults. A need-to-know guide for those 65 years of age and older. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2011.
USDHHS, USDA. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture ARS. Dietary guidelines for Americans, 7th Ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010. Available at: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/dgas2010-dgacreport.htm Accessed on 05/01/2014.
USDHHS, IFSAC. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration (IFSAC) Project Report: Foodborne illness source attribution estimates for Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157 (E. coli O157), Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), and Campylobacter using outbreak surveillance data, February 2015. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/pdfs/ifsac-project-report-508c.pdf Accessed on 09/15/2015.
Vasan RS, Beiser A, Seshadri S, Larson MG, Kannel WB, D'Agostino RB, Levy D. Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 2002 Feb 27;287(8):1003-10. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.8.1003.
Weaver CM, Dwyer J, Fulgoni VL 3rd, King JC, Leveille GA, MacDonald RS, Ordovas J, Schnakenberg D. Processed foods: contributions to nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jun;99(6):1525-42. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.089284. Epub 2014 Apr 23.
Weinstein JL, Phillips V, MacLeod E, Arsenault M, Ferris AM. A universal product code scanner is a feasible method of measuring household food inventory and food use patterns in low-income families. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Mar;106(3):443-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.12.004.
Whelton PK, Appel LJ, Sacco RL, Anderson CA, Antman EM, Campbell N, Dunbar SB, Frohlich ED, Hall JE, Jessup M, Labarthe DR, MacGregor GA, Sacks FM, Stamler J, Vafiadis DK, Van Horn LV. Sodium, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease: further evidence supporting the American Heart Association sodium reduction recommendations. Circulation. 2012 Dec 11;126(24):2880-9. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318279acbf. Epub 2012 Nov 2. Erratum In: Circulation. 2013 Jan 1;27(1):e263.
WHO. World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases. Available at: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/trs916/download/en/index.html. Accessed on 03/21/2014.
WHO. World Health Organization Forum on Reducing Salt Intake in Populations. (2008). Reducing Salt Intake in Populations: Report of a WHO Forum and Technical Meeting 5-7 October 2006, Paris, France. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008. Available at: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/Salt_Report_VC_april07.pdf Accessed on 04/22/2014.
Ziliak JP, Gundersen C. Senior hunger in the United States: differences across states and rural and urban areas. A report submitted to Meals On Wheels Association of America, Inc. September 2009. Internet: http://www.nfesh.org/research/ Accessed on 11/02/2015.

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始

2011年4月1日

初级完成 (实际的)

2013年5月1日

研究完成 (实际的)

2013年5月1日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2016年2月3日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2016年3月21日

首次发布 (估计)

2016年3月25日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (估计)