家庭空气污染与健康：多国液化石油气干预试验 (HAPIN)
2026年5月7日 更新者：Thomas Clasen、Emory University
本研究是一项针对四个国家（印度、危地马拉、秘鲁和卢旺达）3,200 户家庭的液化石油气 (LPG) 炉灶和燃料分配的随机对照试验。
按照共同的协议，每个干预点将招募 800 名孕妇（年龄 18-34 岁，妊娠 9 - <20 周），并随机分配其中一半的家庭使用液化石油气炉和 18 个月的液化石油气供应。
预计控制家庭将继续主要使用固体生物质燃料做饭，并将根据一套统一的试验范围原则获得补偿，这些原则根据形成性研究针对每个地点进行定制。
母亲将和她的孩子一起被跟随，直到孩子 1 岁。
研究人员估计，15% 的家庭将有第二名未怀孕的老年成年女性（40 岁至 <80 岁），她们也将在基线时登记并在 18 个月的随访期内接受随访。
为了优化干预措施的使用，研究人员将根据第一年的以往经验和形成性研究实施行为改变策略。
这项研究将评估炉灶的使用，对家庭空气污染进行反复的个人暴露评估，并收集干血点和尿液样本用于生物标记物分析和生物样本储存。
主要结果是低出生体重、严重肺炎发病率和儿童发育迟缓，以及老年妇女的血压。
次要结局包括儿童早产和发育、孕期母亲血压、内皮功能、呼吸损伤、动脉粥样硬化、致癌代谢物和老年妇女的生活质量。
研究概览
详细说明
在全球范围内，近 30 亿人依靠固体燃料做饭和取暖，其中绝大多数生活在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC)。 由此产生的家庭空气污染 (HAP) 是 2010 年全球疾病负担的第三大风险因素，估计每年造成 430 万人死亡，其中大部分是妇女和幼儿。 以前的干预措施提供了更清洁的生物质炉灶，但未能将暴露水平降低到产生有意义的健康改善的水平。 目前还没有对液化石油气 (LPG) 炉灶进行大规模现场试验，这可能是最清洁的可扩展干预措施。
本研究的目的是在四个中低收入国家（印度、危地马拉、秘鲁和卢旺达）的 3,200 户家庭中对 LPG 炉灶和燃料分配进行随机对照试验，以提供有关整个生命周期潜在健康益处的严格证据。 每个干预点将招募 800 名孕妇（年龄 18-34 岁，妊娠 9-<20 周），随机分配半数家庭使用液化石油气炉和 18 个月的液化石油气供应。 预计控制家庭将继续主要使用固体生物质燃料做饭，并将根据一套统一的试验范围原则获得补偿，这些原则根据形成性研究针对每个地点进行定制。 母亲将和她的孩子一起被跟随，直到孩子 1 岁。 在有第二名未怀孕的老年成年女性（40 岁至 <80 岁）的家庭中，研究人员还将在 18 个月的随访期内对她进行登记和跟踪，以评估心肺、代谢和癌症结果。 为了优化干预措施的使用，研究人员将实施行为改变策略。 本研究将评估炉灶的使用情况，对 HAP（PM2.5、黑碳、一氧化碳）进行重复的个人暴露评估，并在多个时间点收集所有参与者的干血斑和尿液样本，用于生物标志物分析和生物样本储存。 主要结果是低出生体重、严重肺炎发病率和儿童发育迟缓，以及老年妇女的血压。 次要结局包括儿童早产和发育、孕期母亲血压、内皮功能、呼吸损伤、动脉粥样硬化、致癌代谢物和老年妇女的生活质量。
本研究将针对以下具体目标：(1) 使用意向治疗分析，使用通用方案确定随机 LPG 炉灶和燃料干预对四个不同 LMIC 人群健康的影响； (2) 确定 HAP 和健康结果的暴露-反应关系； (3) 确定 LPG 干预与暴露/健康影响的目标和探索性生物标志物之间的关系。
这项研究将提供证据，包括成本和实施策略，为国家和全球政策提供信息，帮助他们在弱势人群中扩大液化石油气炉灶。 最终，这将促进更深入的政策层面讨论，并确定在全球范围内启动和维持 HAP 干预措施的要求。
研究类型
介入性
注册 (实际的)
3640
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。
学习地点
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Kigali、卢旺达
- Rwanda Research Site, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool
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Tamil Nadu
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Chennai、Tamil Nadu、印度、600116
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research
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Departamento de Guatemala
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Guatemala City、Departamento de Guatemala、危地马拉、01015
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala
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Puno、秘鲁
- Puno Global Non-Communicable Disease Research Site, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
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参与标准
研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
18年 至 79年 (成人、年长者)
接受健康志愿者
不
描述
孕妇纳入标准：
- 确认怀孕（hCG 阳性血液或尿液检测）
- 18 岁至 <35 岁（通过自我报告）
- 主要使用生物质炉
- 住在学习区
- 9 - <20 周妊娠经超声证实
- 单胎妊娠（一个胎儿）
- 超声检查时胎儿心率正常（每分钟 120-180 次）的活胎儿
- 通过自我报告确认在随机分组时继续怀孕
- 同意在知情同意的情况下参与
孕妇排除标准：
- 目前吸食香烟或其他烟草制品
- 计划在未来 12 个月内永久迁出研究区域
- 主要使用液化石油气炉，或在不久的将来可能主要使用液化石油气
同一家庭中老年妇女的纳入标准：
- 40 至 <80 岁（通过自我报告）
同一家庭中年长成年妇女的排除标准：
- 目前吸食香烟或其他烟草制品
- 怀孕（自我报告）
- 计划在未来 12 个月内搬出目前的住所
学习计划
本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。
研究是如何设计的？
设计细节
- 主要用途：预防
- 分配：随机化
- 介入模型：并行分配
- 屏蔽：无（打开标签）
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
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实验性的：液化石油气灶具
随机分配到实验组的参与者将获得液化石油气 (LPG) 炉灶和 18 个月的液化石油气供应。
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The intervention consists of a high-quality locally available liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove having at least two burners, a continuous supply of LPG fuel for 18 months, and the promotion of stove use on an exclusive basis for cooking.
The intervention will be provided free of charge to all intervention households upon enrollment.
On a weekly basis, study staff will examine stove condition, perform any necessary repairs, and measure and record weight of LPG tanks in order to anticipate need for refills.
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无干预：控制
对照组的参与者将不会收到液化石油气 (LPG) 炉灶，并将继续使用传统烹饪方法（明火或传统炉灶）或他们选择的烹饪方法。
对照家庭将根据一套统一的试验范围原则获得补偿，并根据形成性研究为每个地点量身定制。
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研究衡量的是什么？
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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Birth weight
大体时间：Within 24 hours of birth (up to 5 months post-randomization of mother)
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Birth weight is assessed by a trained nurse or health worker within 24 hours of birth.
Infants are weighed naked or in a pre-weighed blanket.
Weight is measured to the nearest 10 g using a digital electronic scale, if performed by the study field staff; otherwise, hospital medical records are used.
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Within 24 hours of birth (up to 5 months post-randomization of mother)
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Incidence of HAPIN Defined Severe Pneumonia
大体时间：Up to 12 months after birth
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The number of times a child has severe pneumonia over their period of follow-up during the first year of life is assessed.
For this study pneumonia criteria are adapted from the WHO classification of childhood pneumonia (2014) and there are 3 algorithms for case criteria: 1) the presence of cough and/or difficult breathing and at least 1 general danger sign plus evidence of pneumonia on lung imaging (i.e., lung ultrasound or chest x-ray), or 2) the presence of cough and/or difficult breathing and hypoxemia (measured either via pulse oximetry (SpO2), or observing a child requiring advanced respiratory support (i.e., intubation and mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation with continuous or bi-level positive airway pressure support, or high-flow nasal cannula oxygen), or 3) children who die prior to evaluation but their death is attributed to pneumonia by verbal autopsy.
Cases of pneumonia are recorded children present to HAPIN health facilities with respiratory symptoms.
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Up to 12 months after birth
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Length-for-age z-score 2 standard deviations below the standard
大体时间：12 months after birth
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The primary outcome measured is stunting at one year of age, defined as a length-for-age z-score (LAZ) that is 2 standard deviations below the median of the growth standard.
Infant length is assessed at birth and quarterly thereafter, until the child is 12 months old.
Z-scores are calculated using the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) Multi-Growth Reference Standard (MGRS).
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12 months after birth
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Systolic Blood Pressure Among Older Adult Women
大体时间：Baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months post-randomization
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Systolic blood pressure is assessed in the older adult women in the intervention and control arms using automatic sphygmomanometers (Omron HEM-907XL; Osaka, Japan).
The study team uses the procedures adapted from previously validated methods and cardiovascular outcome studies, following recommendations for the American Heart Association and the European Society of Hypertension.
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Baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months post-randomization
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Child Linear Growth During Extended Follow-up
大体时间：24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age
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Linear growth of children is assessed in centimeters of height.
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24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age
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Caregiver Reported Early Childhood Development Instrument (CREDI) Score During Extended Follow-up
大体时间：24 months of age
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Child development is assessed with the Caregiver Reported Early Childhood Development Instrument (CREDI).
The CREDI is a population-level measure of early childhood development (ECD) for children from 0-3 years of age.
The CREDI assesses 4 domains of child development: 1) motor (fine and gross motor), 2) language (expressive and receptive language), 3) cognitive (executive function, problem solving and reasoning, and pre-academic knowledge), and 4) social-emotional (emotional and behavioral self-regulation, emotional knowledge, and social competence).
The CREDI long form consists of up to 108 items and the number of questions answered depends on the age of the child.
Responses of "yes" are coded as 1 and "no" is coded as 0; certain items are reverse coded.
Both domain-specific and overall z-scores are calculated.
Total raw scores increase by age (with developmental progression), and higher scores indicate increased development.
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24 months of age
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Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT) Score
大体时间：36, 48 and 60 months of age
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The MDAT measures gross motor (39 items), fine motor (42 items), language/cognition (40 items) and social skills (36 items).
Originally developed and validated in rural Malawi, it has now been used in over 25 countries with more than 8,000 children as both a clinical and research tool.
The MDAT is a continuous test with start and stop rules.
Most items are administered directly to the child and items that are not easily observed (e.g., child speaks in full sentences; child understands sharing with others; child can dress self) are administered by parent report.
Children receive either a pass or fail for each item, and summed pass scores can produce a composite score as well as domain-specific scores.
Total scores range from 0 to 157 where higher scores indicate greater neurodevelopment.
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36, 48 and 60 months of age
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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早产
大体时间：最多 5 个月（出生后 24 小时内，随机分组后 3-5 个月）
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早产定义为在妊娠满 37 周之前分娩活婴儿。
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最多 5 个月（出生后 24 小时内，随机分组后 3-5 个月）
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呼吸系统疾病住院
大体时间：出生后 12 个月内
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出生后第一年因呼吸系统疾病住院的累积发生率。
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出生后 12 个月内
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世界卫生组织 非重症肺炎
大体时间：出生后 12 个月内
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出生后第一年 WHO 非重症肺炎（2014 年定义和 2013 年定义）的累积发病率。
每当有呼吸道症状的儿童出现在 HAPIN 卫生机构时，就会记录肺炎病例。
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出生后 12 个月内
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世界卫生组织 严重肺炎
大体时间：出生后 12 个月内
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出生后第一年 WHO 非重症肺炎（2014 年定义和 2013 年定义）的累积发病率。
每当有呼吸道症状的儿童出现在 HAPIN 卫生机构时，就会记录肺炎病例。
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出生后 12 个月内
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世界卫生组织袖珍书非重症肺炎
大体时间：出生后 12 个月内
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根据“儿童医院护理袖珍手册”（2013 年）第二版中的定义，世卫组织出生后第一年非重症肺炎的累积发病率。
每当有呼吸道症状的儿童出现在 HAPIN 卫生机构时，就会记录肺炎病例。
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出生后 12 个月内
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世界卫生组织袖珍书严重肺炎
大体时间：出生后 12 个月内
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根据“儿童医院护理袖珍手册”（2013 年）第二版中的定义，世卫组织出生后第一年严重肺炎的累积发病率。
每当有呼吸道症状的儿童出现在 HAPIN 卫生机构时，就会记录肺炎病例。
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出生后 12 个月内
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低氧性肺炎
大体时间：出生后 12 个月内
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出生后第一年低氧性肺炎的累积发病率。
每当有呼吸道症状的儿童出现在 HAPIN 卫生机构时，就会记录肺炎病例。
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出生后 12 个月内
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超声波或射线照相肺炎
大体时间：出生后 12 个月内
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出生后第一年肺部超声或胸片肺炎的累积发生率。
每当有呼吸道症状的儿童出现在 HAPIN 卫生机构时，就会记录肺炎病例。
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出生后 12 个月内
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Gestational Systolic Blood Pressure
大体时间：Baseline (9-20 weeks gestation), 24-28 and 32-36 weeks gestation
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Blood pressure is assessed in the pregnant women in the intervention and control arms using automatic sphygmomanometers (OMRON HEM-907XL; Osaka, Japan).
The study team will use the procedures adapted from previously validated methods and cardiovascular outcome studies, following recommendations for the American Heart Association and the European Society of Hypertension.
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Baseline (9-20 weeks gestation), 24-28 and 32-36 weeks gestation
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Gestational Diastolic Blood Pressure
大体时间：Baseline (9-20 weeks gestation), 24-28 and 32-36 weeks gestation
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Blood pressure is assessed in the pregnant women in the intervention and control arms using automatic sphygmomanometers (OMRON HEM-907XL; Osaka, Japan).
The study team will use the procedures adapted from previously validated methods and cardiovascular outcome studies, following recommendations for the American Heart Association and the European Society of Hypertension.
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Baseline (9-20 weeks gestation), 24-28 and 32-36 weeks gestation
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Systolic Blood Pressure in New Mothers
大体时间：9, 12, and 18 months post-randomization
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Blood pressure is assessed in the new mothers in the intervention and control arms using automatic sphygmomanometers (OMRON HEM-907XL; Osaka, Japan).
The study team will use the procedures adapted from previously validated methods and cardiovascular outcome studies, following recommendations for the American Heart Association and the European Society of Hypertension.
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9, 12, and 18 months post-randomization
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Diastolic Blood Pressure in New Mothers
大体时间：9, 12, and 18 months post-randomization
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Blood pressure is assessed in the new mothers in the intervention and control arms using automatic sphygmomanometers (OMRON HEM-907XL; Osaka, Japan).
The study team will use the procedures adapted from previously validated methods and cardiovascular outcome studies, following recommendations for the American Heart Association and the European Society of Hypertension.
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9, 12, and 18 months post-randomization
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Diastolic Blood Pressure Among Older Adult Women
大体时间：Baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-randomization
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Diastolic blood pressure is assessed in the older adult women in the intervention and control arms using automatic sphygmomanometers (Omron HEM-907XL; Osaka, Japan).
The study team uses the procedures adapted from previously validated methods and cardiovascular outcome studies, following recommendations for the American Heart Association and the European Society of Hypertension.
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Baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-randomization
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Mean arterial pressure
大体时间：Baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-randomization
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Mean arterial pressure is assessed in the older adult women in the intervention and control arms using automatic sphygmomanometers (Omron HEM-907XL; Osaka, Japan).
Mean arterial pressure is calculated as DBP+(SBP-DBP)/3, where SBP=systolic blood pressure and DBP=diastolic blood pressure.
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Baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-randomization
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Pulse pressure
大体时间：Baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-randomization
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Pulse pressure is assessed in the older adult women in the intervention and control arms using automatic sphygmomanometers (Omron HEM-907XL; Osaka, Japan).
pressure.
Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
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Baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-randomization
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Fetal Growth
大体时间：Baseline, Gestation Week 24-28 and Gestation Week 32-36
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Pregnant women have ultrasounds at Baseline and during gestation weeks 24-28 and gestation weeks 32-36 to measure fetal growth outcomes.
Specifically, the researchers evaluate head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) during gestation.
The researchers are comparing (i) z-scores of individual fetal growth measurements (HC, AC, FL, EFW) at the 2 growth ultrasound visits between intervention and control participants (separately at 24-28 weeks gestation and 32-36 weeks gestation); (ii) differences in proportions of the 2.5th percentiles of each of these measurements evaluated separately at 24-28 and 32-36 weeks gestation; (iii) Z-score trajectories of HC, AC, FL and EFW as a function of gestational age and intervention; and (iv) prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) during the fetal period through birth as measured by WHO INTERGROWTH 21st standards.
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Baseline, Gestation Week 24-28 and Gestation Week 32-36
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Gestational age at birth
大体时间：Up to 5 months (within 24 hours of birth, 3-5 months post randomization)
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Gestational age at birth is measured in weeks, as continuous outcome, among all live births.
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Up to 5 months (within 24 hours of birth, 3-5 months post randomization)
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Brachial artery reactivity testing (BART)
大体时间：Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
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Brachial artery reactivity testing (BART) measures endothelial function via flow-mediated dilatation to reactive hyperemia following the release of arm blood-flow occlusion.
In this test, baseline artery diameter is measured, then a blood pressure cuff is inflated to induce distal arm ischemia for 5 minutes and after releasing the pressure, the post-occlusion brachial artery diameter is measured.
The ratio of post- to pre-occlusion artery diameter represents endothelial function where lower values indicate worse endothelial function.
(Peru only)
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Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
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Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) Among Older Adult Women
大体时间：Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
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The carotid intima-media thickness test (CIMT) is used to determine the extent of carotid atherosclerotic vascular disease.
The test measures the thickness of the inner two layers of the carotid artery and can detect plaque build up prior to physical symptoms being experienced.
The carotid ultrasound will be performed with a portable ultrasound by trained sonographers.
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Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
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St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) Score
大体时间：Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
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Adult respiratory health and well-being is assessed with the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).
The SGRQ measures impaired health and perceived well-being among individuals with chronic airway disease.
The SGRQ has sections assessing symptoms, activities that cause breathlessness or are limited because of breathlessness, and the impacts of respiratory problems on employment, sense of control of health, panic, stigmatization, medication use, side effects of therapies, expectations for health and disturbances of daily life.
The questionnaire includes multiple choice, true/false and open-ended questions.
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Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
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Short Form 36 Survey (SF-36) Score Among Older Adult Women
大体时间：Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
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The Short Form 36 survey (SF-36) is a standardized, preference-based 36 item questionnaire evaluating quality of life.
The survey has 8 sections (vitality, physical functioning, bodily pain, general health perceptions, physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, social role functioning, and mental health).
Possible scores range from 0 (lowest quality of life) to 100 (highest quality of life).
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Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
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Weight
大体时间：24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age of the child
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Weight is measured in kilograms (kg).
Weight in new mothers in Rwanda is measured when the child is 24 months old.
For new mothers in Guatemala weight is measured when the child is 24 and 36 months old.
In older adult women, weight is measured when the child is 24 months old.
Weight is measured in children at 24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age.
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24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age of the child
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
大体时间：24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age of the child
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BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters (m) squared (kg/m^2).
BMI in new mothers in Rwanda is calculated from height and weight measurements obtained when the child is 24 months old.
For new mothers in Guatemala BMI is calculated from height and weight measurements obtained when the child is 24 and 36 months old.
In older adult women, BMI is calculated from height and weight measurements obtained when the child is 24 months old.
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24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age of the child
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Height
大体时间：24 and 36 months of age of the child
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Height is measured in meters.
Height in new mothers in Rwanda is measured when the child is 24 months old.
For new mothers in Guatemala height is measured when the child is 24 and 36 months old.
In older adult women, height is measured when the child is 24-months old.
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24 and 36 months of age of the child
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Child Blood Pressure
大体时间：24 (Rwanda only) and 60 months of age
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Blood pressure is assessed in the children using automatic sphygmomanometers (OMRON HEM-907XL; Osaka, Japan).
The study team uses the procedures adapted from previously validated methods and cardiovascular outcome studies, following recommendations for the American Heart Association and the European Society of Hypertension.
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24 (Rwanda only) and 60 months of age
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Child Linear Growth
大体时间：Birth (3-5 months post-randomization), and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age
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Linear growth of children is assessed in centimeters at birth and quarterly thereafter, until the child is 12 months old.
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Birth (3-5 months post-randomization), and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age
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Caregiver Reported Early Childhood Development Instrument (CREDI) Score
大体时间：3 and 12 months of age
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Child development is assessed with the Caregiver Reported Early Childhood Development Instrument (CREDI).
The CREDI is a population-level measure of early childhood development (ECD) for children from 0-3 years of age.
The CREDI assesses 4 domains of child development: 1) motor (fine and gross motor), 2) language (expressive and receptive language), 3) cognitive (executive function, problem solving and reasoning, and pre-academic knowledge), and 4) social-emotional (emotional and behavioral self-regulation, emotional knowledge, and social competence).
The CREDI long form consists of up to 108 items and the number of questions answered depends on the age of the child.
Responses of "yes" are coded as 1 and "no" is coded as 0; certain items are reverse coded.
Both domain-specific and overall z-scores are calculated.
Total raw scores increase by age (with developmental progression), and higher scores indicate increased development.
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3 and 12 months of age
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其他结果措施
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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自然流产
大体时间：基线至妊娠 20 周
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胎死于19周前6天。
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基线至妊娠 20 周
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早期早产
大体时间：出生
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在所有活产中，不足 34 周的出生完成妊娠。
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出生
|
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死胎
大体时间：直到出生
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在妊娠 20 周或之后发生的任何胎儿死亡，或在严重不良事件表或孕妇病史表或口头尸检表上表明。
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直到出生
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新生儿死亡
大体时间：出生到 28 天
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出生至 28 天之间死亡。
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出生到 28 天
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儿童肺功能
大体时间：36、48 和 60 个月大
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肺功能测量将使用带有一次性吸嘴的 Tremoflo C-100 装置的受迫振荡技术 (FOT) 进行。
FOT 是一种可以识别气道早期变化的技术。
FOT 设备测量外部施加的压力波与产生的气流之间的关系，以测量呼吸阻抗。
高频产生的值对应于近端气道和大气道，低频产生的值对应于远端气道和小气道。
这项测量将在危地马拉的儿童中进行。
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36、48 和 60 个月大
|
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尿液生物标志物的变化
大体时间：基线、随机分组后 3、6、9、12 和 18 个月以及儿童 24 个月龄
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将测量多次暴露生物标志物：3-OH 可替宁、4-(甲基亚硝基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁醇 (NNAL)、左旋葡聚糖、8OH-脱氧鸟苷 (8OHdG) 和挥发性有机化学品 (VOC) 代谢物。
暴露生物标志物（尤其是尿液可能受限的儿童）将优先考虑如下：多环芳烃（PAH）生物标志物、左旋葡聚糖、挥发性有机化学品（VOC）生物标志物、重金属和烟草相关生物标志物。
将在基线、妊娠 24-28 周和妊娠 32-36 周的孕妇以及孩子 24 个月大时测量新妈妈的尿液生物标志物。
将在基线、随机分组后 3、6、9、12 和 18 个月时测量老年女性的生物标志物。
将对 3、6、12 和 24 个月大的儿童进行生物标志物测量。
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基线、随机分组后 3、6、9、12 和 18 个月以及儿童 24 个月龄
|
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干血斑 (DBS) 生物标志物的变化
大体时间：基线、随机分组后 3、6、9、12 和 18 个月以及儿童 24 个月大时
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从干血斑中测量的主要生物标志物有：炎症标志物、心血管疾病内皮标志物、氧化应激标志物、Hb、HbA1C、肿瘤相关抗原抗体、细胞色素P450、p53肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）、脂质、代谢组学、miRNA、重金属。
DBS 生物标志物将在基线、妊娠 24-28 周和妊娠 32-36 周的孕妇以及孩子 24 个月大时的新妈妈中进行测量。
DBS 生物标志物将在基线、随机分组后 3、6、9、12 和 18 个月时对老年女性进行测量。
DBS 生物标志物将在 3、6、12 和 24 个月大的儿童中进行测量。
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基线、随机分组后 3、6、9、12 和 18 个月以及儿童 24 个月大时
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母亲感知压力量表 (PSS)
大体时间：随机分组后 9 至 18 个月（儿童 3 至 12 个月大）
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科恩感知压力量表 (PPS) 包含 10 个项目，用于评估个人如何评价其生活事件带来的压力（例如，“在过去的一个月中，您有多少次感到困难堆积如山，以至于无法克服？” ）（科恩，1983）。
Likert 水平反应范围从 0（从不）到 4（经常），这意味着高 PPS 分数将导致高水平的感知压力。
创建并测试了西班牙语 PPS，结果发现其有效且可靠（Vallijo 等人，2018）。
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随机分组后 9 至 18 个月（儿童 3 至 12 个月大）
|
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早产
大体时间：出生
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包括早产和死产。
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出生
|
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家庭粮食不安全
大体时间：基线，随机化后 18 个月
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家庭粮食不安全将使用粮食不安全经验量表（FIES）进行衡量，该量表由粮食及农业组织（FAO）开发和验证。
FIES 模块包括关于家庭是否获得充足食物的八个问题，每个问题都有是/否回答选项，旨在衡量粮食不安全的三个领域：不确定性/焦虑、粮食数量和粮食质量。
每个问题的得分为 0/1，将其相加得出可能的总分 0-8。
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基线，随机化后 18 个月
|
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饮食多样性——女性
大体时间：随机化后 18 个月的基线
|
女性的饮食多样性将使用粮农组织和 FHI 360 的最低饮食多样性 - 女性 (MDD-W) 调查问卷进行衡量，该调查问卷使用开放回忆格式来收集受访者在前一天和晚上消耗的食物和饮料的数据。
答复将被分为十个食物组，报告食用十个食物组中的五个或更多食物组的女性将被归类为实现最低饮食多样性。
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随机化后 18 个月的基线
|
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血红蛋白 (Hb) 浓度/贫血 - 女性
大体时间：基线、随机化后 3 个月和 5 个月
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使用 HemoCue® Hb 201 系统 (HemoCue® AB) 护理点设备，通过刺破手指获得的一滴毛细血管血来测量 Hb
|
基线、随机化后 3 个月和 5 个月
|
|
血红蛋白 (Hb) 浓度/贫血 - 婴儿
大体时间：随机分组后 12 个月和 18 个月（6 个月和 12 个月大）
|
使用 HemoCue® Hb 201 系统 (HemoCue® AB) 护理点设备，通过刺破手指获得的一滴毛细血管血来测量 Hb
|
随机分组后 12 个月和 18 个月（6 个月和 12 个月大）
|
|
Change in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure
大体时间：Baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months post-randomization, and at 24, 36, 48, 60 months of age of the child
|
Personal monitoring equipment is used to assess exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over a 24-hour period in intervention and control participants (pregnant women, older adult women, and children).
Exposure for pregnant women is measured at baseline, 24-28 weeks gestation, 32-36 weeks gestation, and in Guatemala and India, when the child is 24 months old.
Exposure for the child is measured at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age.
Exposure for the older adult women is measured at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-randomization, and in Guatemala and India, when the child is 24 months old.
|
Baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months post-randomization, and at 24, 36, 48, 60 months of age of the child
|
|
Change in Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure
大体时间：Baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months post-randomization, and at 24, 36, 48, 60 months of age of the child
|
Personal monitoring equipment is used to assess exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) over a 24-hour period in intervention and control participants (pregnant women, older adult women, and children).
Exposure for pregnant women is measured at baseline, 24-28 weeks gestation, 32-36 weeks gestation, and in Guatemala and India, when the child is 24 months old.
Exposure for the child is measured at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age.
Exposure for the older adult women is measured at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-randomization, and in Guatemala and India, when the child is 24 months old.
|
Baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months post-randomization, and at 24, 36, 48, 60 months of age of the child
|
|
Change in Black carbon (BC) exposure
大体时间：Baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months post-randomization, and at 24, 36, 48, 60 months of age of the child
|
Personal monitoring equipment is used to assess exposure to black carbon (BC) over a 24-hour period in intervention and control participants (pregnant women, older adult women, and children).
Exposure for pregnant women is measured at baseline, 24-28 weeks gestation, 32-36 weeks gestation, and in Guatemala and India, when the child is 24 months old.
Exposure for the child is measured at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age.
Exposure for the older adult women is measured at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-randomization, and in Guatemala and India, when the child is 24 months old.
|
Baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months post-randomization, and at 24, 36, 48, 60 months of age of the child
|
|
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Expression and microRNA in Older Adult Women
大体时间：Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
|
Two buccal cell scrapes will be collected by gently scraping the buccal mucosa on both sides of the mouth with a small plastic collection spoon.
Nasal turbinate brush samples can be collected using a soft cytobrush on each turbinate.
Collection is gentle and causes no discomfort to study participants.
Both samples will be processed in the laboratory according to procedures detailed in the protocol.
This will occur in the older adult women in an NCI substudy.
|
Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
|
|
Microbiome Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in Older Adult Women
大体时间：Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
|
For the oral rinse, participants will vigorously rinse their mouth and the rinsates are collected in a centrifuge tube.
The tube is centrifuged and the pellet and supernatant are removed to separate cryovials, labeled and frozen.
This will occur in the older adult women in an NCI substudy.
|
Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
|
|
Epigenetics (DNA methylation) in Older Adult Women
大体时间：Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
|
Two buccal cell scrapes will be collected by gently scraping the buccal mucosa on both sides of the mouth with a small plastic collection spoon.
A 5-mL venous blood sample will be collected in an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) vacutainer tube by standard clinical venipuncture of a cubital vein.
Both samples will be transported and processed in the laboratory according to procedures detailed in the protocol.
This will occur in the older adult women in an NCI substudy.
|
Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
|
|
Metabolomics and MicroRNA in Older Adult Women
大体时间：Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
|
A 5-mL venous blood sample will be collected in an EDTA vacutainer tube by standard clinical venipuncture of a cubital vein.
The sample will be transported and processed in the laboratory according to procedures detailed in the protocol.
This will occur in the older adult women in an NCI substudy.
|
Baseline, 18 months post-randomization
|
|
Dietary diversity - infants
大体时间：9, 12, 15 and 18 months post-randomization (3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age)
|
Minimum dietary diversity for children will be measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) infant and young child feeding questionnaire.
The questionnaire uses a combination of open and closed recall and asks caregivers to report on foods and beverages consumed by the infant or young child during the previous day and night.
Responses will be categorized into eight food groups and infants who consumed five or more out of ten eight food groups will be categorized as achieving minimum dietary diversity.
|
9, 12, 15 and 18 months post-randomization (3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age)
|
|
Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) Among Older Adult Women During Extended Follow-up
大体时间：24 months of age of the child
|
The carotid intima-media thickness test (CIMT) is used to determine the extent of carotid atherosclerotic vascular disease.
The test measures the thickness of the inner two layers of the carotid artery and can detect plaque build up prior to physical symptoms being experienced.
The carotid ultrasound will be performed with a portable ultrasound by trained sonographers.
This outcome is only assessed in Guatemala during the extended follow-up period (after the birth of the household child).
|
24 months of age of the child
|
|
Reported Diarrhea in Children
大体时间：Up to 12 months after birth
|
Reported diarrhea will be extracted from the Monthly Child Health Status Visit case report form.
Each month, the child's caretaker will be administered a survey to obtain information on whether the child under 1 year of age (the HAPIN study index child) or any other child in the home under 5 has experienced WHO-defined diarrhea (defined as three or more loose stools that can take the shape of a container within a 24-hour period) in the past 7 days.
Persistent diarrhea will be defined as 14 or more continuous days of diarrhea.
The presence of blood in the stool will also be noted as an indicator of severity.
|
Up to 12 months after birth
|
合作者和调查者
在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。
合作者
调查人员
- 首席研究员：Thomas Clasen, PhD、Emory University
- 首席研究员：Jennifer Peel, PhD、Colorado State University
- 首席研究员：William Checkley, MD PhD、Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
出版物和有用的链接
负责输入研究信息的人员自愿提供这些出版物。这些可能与研究有关。
一般刊物
- Kearns KA, Naeher LP, McCracken JP, Boyd Barr D, Saikawa E, Hengstermann M, Mollinedo E, Panuwet P, Yakimavets V, Lee GE, Thompson LM. Estimating personal exposures to household air pollution and plastic garbage burning among adolescent girls in Jalapa, Guatemala. Chemosphere. 2024 Jan;348:140705. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140705. Epub 2023 Nov 17.
- Younger A, Ye W, Alkon A, Harknett K, Kirby MA, Elon L, Lovvorn AE, Wang J, Diaz-Artiga A, McCracken JP, Castanaza Gonzalez A, Alarcon LM, Mukeshimana A, Rosa G, Chiang M, Balakrishnan K, Garg SS, Pillarisetti A, Piedrahita R, Johnson MA, Craik R, Papageorghiou AT, Toenjes A, Williams KN, Underhill LJ, Hartinger SM, Nicolaou L, Chang HH, Naeher LP, Rosenthal J, Checkley W, Peel JL, Clasen TF, Thompson LM; Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Investigators. Effects of a liquefied petroleum gas stove intervention on stillbirth, congenital anomalies and neonatal mortality: A multi-country household air pollution intervention network trial. Environ Pollut. 2024 Mar 15;345:123414. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123414. Epub 2024 Jan 27.
- Pillarisetti A, Ye W, Balakrishnan K, Rosa G, Diaz-Artiga A, Underhill LJ, Steenland K, Peel JL, Kirby MA, McCracken J, Waller L, Chang H, Wang J, Dusabimana E, Ndagijimana F, Sambandam S, Mukhopadhyay K, Kearns KA, Campbell D, Kremer J, Rosenthal J, Ghosh A, Clark M, Checkley W, Clasen T, Naeher L, Piedrahita R, Johnson M. Post-birth exposure contrasts for children during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network randomized controlled trial. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2023 Jul 6:2023.07.04.23292226. doi: 10.1101/2023.07.04.23292226.
- Simkovich SM, Hossen S, McCollum ED, Toenjes AK, McCracken JP, Thompson LM, Castanaza A, Diaz A, Rosa G, Kirby MA, Mukeshimana A, Myers R, Lenzen PM, Craik R, Jabbarzadeh S, Elon L, Garg SS, Balakrishnan K, Thangavel G, Peel JL, Clasen TF, Davila-Roman VG, Papageorghiou AT, de las Fuentes L, Checkley W; HAPIN Investigators. Lung Ultrasound Protocol and Quality Control of Image Interpretation Using an Adjudication Panel in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2023 May;49(5):1194-1201. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.01.005. Epub 2023 Feb 19.
- Williams KN, Quinn A, North H, Wang J, Pillarisetti A, Thompson LM, Diaz-Artiga A, Balakrishnan K, Thangavel G, Rosa G, Ndagijimana F, Underhill LJ, Kirby MA, Puzzolo E, Hossen S, Waller LA, Peel JL, Rosenthal JP, Clasen TF, Harvey SA, Checkley W; HAPIN Investigators. Fidelity and adherence to a liquefied petroleum gas stove and fuel intervention: The multi-country Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. Environ Int. 2023 Sep;179:108160. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108160. Epub 2023 Aug 19.
- Younger A, Alkon A, Harknett K, Kirby MA, Elon L, Lovvorn AE, Wang J, Ye W, Diaz-Artiga A, McCracken JP, Castanaza Gonzalez A, Monroy Alarcon L, Mukeshimana A, Rosa G, Chiang M, Balakrishnan K, Garg SS, Pillarisetti A, Piedrahita R, Johnson M, Craik R, Papageorghiou AT, Toenjes A, Quinn A, Williams KN, Underhill L, Chang HH, Naeher LP, Rosenthal J, Checkley W, Peel JL, Clasen TF, Thompson LM; HAPIN investigators. Effects of a LPG stove and fuel intervention on adverse maternal outcomes: A multi-country randomized controlled trial conducted by the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN). Environ Int. 2023 Aug;178:108059. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108059. Epub 2023 Jun 28.
- Checkley W, Hossen S, Rosa G, Thompson LM, McCracken JP, Diaz-Artiga A, Balakrishnan K, Simkovich SM, Underhill LJ, Nicolaou L, Hartinger SM, Davila-Roman VG, Kirby MA, Clasen TF, Rosenthal J, Peel JL, On Behalf Of Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Hapin Investigators. Facing the Realities of Pragmatic Design Choices in Environmental Health Studies: Experiences from the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 23;19(7):3790. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073790.
- Hennessee I, Kirby MA, Misago X, Mupfasoni J, Clasen T, Kitron U, Rosenthal JP, Hakizimana E. Assessing the Effects of Cooking Fuels on Anopheles Mosquito Behavior: An Experimental Study in Rural Rwanda. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022 Feb 21;106(4):1196-1208. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0997. Print 2022 Apr 6.
- Johnson M, Pillarisetti A, Piedrahita R, Balakrishnan K, Peel JL, Steenland K, Underhill LJ, Rosa G, Kirby MA, Diaz-Artiga A, McCracken J, Clark ML, Waller L, Chang HH, Wang J, Dusabimana E, Ndagijimana F, Sambandam S, Mukhopadhyay K, Kearns KA, Campbell D, Kremer J, Rosenthal JP, Checkley W, Clasen T, Naeher L; the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial Investigators. Exposure Contrasts of Pregnant Women during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Randomized Controlled Trial. Environ Health Perspect. 2022 Sep;130(9):97005. doi: 10.1289/EHP10295. Epub 2022 Sep 16.
- Kaufman JD. Invited Perspective: A Critical Part of a Real-World Environmental Health Trial Is to Demonstrate That the Intervention Reduced Exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2022 Sep;130(9):91304. doi: 10.1289/EHP11697. Epub 2022 Sep 16. No abstract available.
- Rajamani KD, Sambandam S, Mukhopadhyay K, Puttaswamy N, Thangavel G, Natesan D, Ramasamy R, Sendhil S, Natarajan A, Aravindalochan V, Pillarisetti A, Johnson M, Rosenthal J, Steenland K, Piedhrahita R, Peel J, Clark ML, Boyd Barr D, Rajkumar S, Young B, Jabbarzadeh S, Rosa G, Kirby M, Underhill LJ, Diaz-Artiga A, Lovvorn A, Checkley W, Clasen T, Balakrishnan K. Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India. J Vis Exp. 2022 Dec 23;(190). doi: 10.3791/64144.
- Ye W, Thangavel G, Pillarisetti A, Steenland K, Peel JL, Balakrishnan K, Jabbarzadeh S, Checkley W, Clasen T; HAPIN Investigators. Association between personal exposure to household air pollution and gestational blood pressure among women using solid cooking fuels in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Res. 2022 May 15;208:112756. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112756. Epub 2022 Jan 20.
- Ye W, Steenland K, Quinn A, Liao J, Balakrishnan K, Rosa G, Ndagijimana F, Ntivuguruzwa JD, Thompson LM, McCracken JP, Diaz-Artiga A, Rosenthal JP, Papageorghiou A, Davila-Roman VG, Pillarisetti A, Johnson M, Wang J, Nicolaou L, Checkley W, Peel JL, Clasen TF; Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial Investigators. Effects of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stove Intervention on Gestational Blood Pressure: Intention-to-Treat and Exposure-Response Findings From the HAPIN Trial. Hypertension. 2022 Aug;79(8):1887-1898. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19362. Epub 2022 Jun 16.
- Hengstermann M, Diaz-Artiga A, Otzoy-Sucuc R, Laura Maria Ruiz-Aguilar A, Thompson LM; HAPIN Investigators. Developing Visual Messages to Support Liquefied Petroleum Gas Use in Intervention Homes in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial in Rural Guatemala. Health Educ Behav. 2021 Oct;48(5):651-669. doi: 10.1177/1090198121996280. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
- Liao J, Kirby MA, Pillarisetti A, Piedrahita R, Balakrishnan K, Sambandam S, Mukhopadhyay K, Ye W, Rosa G, Majorin F, Dusabimana E, Ndagijimana F, McCracken JP, Mollinedo E, de Leon O, Diaz-Artiga A, Thompson LM, Kearns KA, Naeher L, Rosenthal J, Clark ML, Steenland K, Waller LA, Checkley W, Peel JL, Clasen T, Johnson M; HAPIN Investigators. LPG stove and fuel intervention among pregnant women reduce fine particle air pollution exposures in three countries: Pilot results from the HAPIN trial. Environ Pollut. 2021 Dec 15;291:118198. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118198. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
- Quinn AK, Williams KN, Thompson LM, Harvey SA, Piedrahita R, Wang J, Quinn C, Pillarisetti A, McCracken JP, Rosenthal JP, Kirby MA, Diaz Artiga A, Thangavel G, Rosa G, Miranda JJ, Checkley W, Peel JL, Clasen TF. Fidelity and Adherence to a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stove and Fuel Intervention during Gestation: The Multi-Country Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 29;18(23):12592. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312592.
- Simkovich SM, Underhill LJ, Kirby MA, Crocker ME, Goodman D, McCracken JP, Thompson LM, Diaz-Artiga A, Castanaza-Gonzalez A, Garg SS, Balakrishnan K, Thangavel G, Rosa G, Peel JL, Clasen TF, McCollum ED, Checkley W; HAPIN Investigators. Resources and Geographic Access to Care for Severe Pediatric Pneumonia in Four Resource-limited Settings. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Jan 15;205(2):183-197. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202104-1013OC.
- Barr DB, Puttaswamy N, Jaacks LM, Steenland K, Rajkumar S, Gupton S, Ryan PB, Balakrishnan K, Peel JL, Checkley W, Clasen T, Clark ML; (HAPIN Investigative Team). Design and Rationale of the Biomarker Center of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial. Environ Health Perspect. 2020 Apr;128(4):47010. doi: 10.1289/EHP5751. Epub 2020 Apr 29.
- Burrowes VJ, Piedrahita R, Pillarisetti A, Underhill LJ, Fandino-Del-Rio M, Johnson M, Kephart JL, Hartinger SM, Steenland K, Naeher L, Kearns K, Peel JL, Clark ML, Checkley W; HAPIN Investigators. Comparison of next-generation portable pollution monitors to measure exposure to PM2.5 from household air pollution in Puno, Peru. Indoor Air. 2020 May;30(3):445-458. doi: 10.1111/ina.12638. Epub 2020 Jan 23.
- Clasen T, Checkley W, Peel JL, Balakrishnan K, McCracken JP, Rosa G, Thompson LM, Barr DB, Clark ML, Johnson MA, Waller LA, Jaacks LM, Steenland K, Miranda JJ, Chang HH, Kim DY, McCollum ED, Davila-Roman VG, Papageorghiou A, Rosenthal JP; HAPIN Investigators. Design and Rationale of the HAPIN Study: A Multicountry Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stove and Continuous Fuel Distribution. Environ Health Perspect. 2020 Apr;128(4):47008. doi: 10.1289/EHP6407. Epub 2020 Apr 29.
- Crocker ME, Hossen S, Goodman D, Simkovich SM, Kirby M, Thompson LM, Rosa G, Garg SS, Thangavel G, McCollum ED, Peel J, Clasen T, Checkley W; HAPIN Investigators. Effects of high altitude on respiratory rate and oxygen saturation reference values in healthy infants and children younger than 2 years in four countries: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020 Mar;8(3):e362-e373. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30543-1.
- Johnson MA, Steenland K, Piedrahita R, Clark ML, Pillarisetti A, Balakrishnan K, Peel JL, Naeher LP, Liao J, Wilson D, Sarnat J, Underhill LJ, Burrowes V, McCracken JP, Rosa G, Rosenthal J, Sambandam S, de Leon O, Kirby MA, Kearns K, Checkley W, Clasen T; HAPIN Investigators. Air Pollutant Exposure and Stove Use Assessment Methods for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial. Environ Health Perspect. 2020 Apr;128(4):47009. doi: 10.1289/EHP6422. Epub 2020 Apr 29.
- Puttaswamy N, Saidam S, Rajendran G, Arumugam K, Gupton S, Williams EW, Johnson CL, Panuwet P, Rajkumar S, Clark ML, Peel JL, Checkley W, Clasen T, Balakrishnan K, Barr DB. Cross-validation of biomonitoring methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in human urine: Results from the formative phase of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial in India. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2020 Oct 1;1154:122284. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122284. Epub 2020 Jul 29.
- Sambandam S, Mukhopadhyay K, Sendhil S, Ye W, Pillarisetti A, Thangavel G, Natesan D, Ramasamy R, Natarajan A, Aravindalochanan V, Vinayagamoorthi A, Sivavadivel S, Uma Maheswari R, Balakrishnan L, Gayatri S, Nargunanathan S, Madhavan S, Puttaswamy N, Garg SS, Quinn A, Rosenthal J, Johnson M, Liao J, Steenland K, Piedhrahita R, Peel J, Checkley W, Clasen T, Balakrishnan K. Exposure contrasts associated with a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) intervention at potential field sites for the multi-country household air pollution intervention network (HAPIN) trial in India: results from pilot phase activities in rural Tamil Nadu. BMC Public Health. 2020 Nov 26;20(1):1799. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09865-1.
- Simkovich SM, Underhill LJ, Kirby MA, Goodman D, Crocker ME, Hossen S, McCracken JP, de Leon O, Thompson LM, Garg SS, Balakrishnan K, Thangavel G, Rosa G, Peel JL, Clasen TF, McCollum ED, Checkley W. Design and conduct of facility-based surveillance for severe childhood pneumonia in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. ERJ Open Res. 2020 Mar 23;6(1):00308-2019. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00308-2019. eCollection 2020 Jan.
- Williams KN, Thompson LM, Sakas Z, Hengstermann M, Quinn A, Diaz-Artiga A, Thangavel G, Puzzolo E, Rosa G, Balakrishnan K, Peel J, Checkley W, Clasen TF, Miranda JJ, Rosenthal JP, Harvey SA; Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial Investigators; HAPIN Investigators. Designing a comprehensive behaviour change intervention to promote and monitor exclusive use of liquefied petroleum gas stoves for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. BMJ Open. 2020 Sep 29;10(9):e037761. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037761.
- Wilson DL, Williams KN, Pillarisetti A. 2020. An Integrated Sensor Data Logging, Survey, and Analytics Platform for Field Research and Its Application in HAPIN, a Multi-Center Household Energy Intervention Trial. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5): 1805. doi:10.3390/su12051805.
- Goodman D, Crocker ME, Pervaiz F, McCollum ED, Steenland K, Simkovich SM, Miele CH, Hammitt LL, Herrera P, Zar HJ, Campbell H, Lanata CF, McCracken JP, Thompson LM, Rosa G, Kirby MA, Garg S, Thangavel G, Thanasekaraan V, Balakrishnan K, King C, Clasen T, Checkley W; HAPIN Investigators. Challenges in the diagnosis of paediatric pneumonia in intervention field trials: recommendations from a pneumonia field trial working group. Lancet Respir Med. 2019 Dec;7(12):1068-1083. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30249-8. Epub 2019 Oct 4.
- Quinn AK, Williams K, Thompson LM, Rosa G, Diaz-Artiga A, Thangavel G, Balakrishnan K, Miranda JJ, Rosenthal JP, Clasen TF, Harvey SA; HAPIN Investigators. Compensating control participants when the intervention is of significant value: experience in Guatemala, India, Peru and Rwanda. BMJ Glob Health. 2019 Aug 21;4(4):e001567. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001567. eCollection 2019.
- Steenland K, Pillarisetti A, Kirby M, Peel J, Clark M, Checkley W, Chang HH, Clasen T. Modeling the potential health benefits of lower household air pollution after a hypothetical liquified petroleum gas (LPG) cookstove intervention. Environ Int. 2018 Feb;111:71-79. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.018. Epub 2017 Nov 26.
- Checkley W, Thompson LM, Sinharoy SS, Hossen S, Moulton LH, Chang HH, Waller L, Steenland K, Rosa G, Mukeshimana A, Ndagijimana F, McCracken JP, Diaz-Artiga A, Balakrishnan K, Garg SS, Thangavel G, Aravindalochanan V, Hartinger SM, Chiang M, Kirby MA, Papageorghiou AT, Ramakrishnan U, Williams KN, Nicolaou L, Johnson M, Pillarisetti A, Rosenthal J, Underhill LJ, Wang J, Jabbarzadeh S, Chen Y, Davila-Roman VG, Naeher LP, McCollum ED, Peel JL, Clasen TF; HAPIN Investigators. Effects of Cooking with Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass on Stunting in Infants. N Engl J Med. 2024 Jan 4;390(1):44-54. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2302687.
- McCollum ED, McCracken JP, Kirby MA, Grajeda LM, Hossen S, Moulton LH, Simkovich SM, Goodman-Palmer D, Rosa G, Mukeshimana A, Balakrishnan K, Thangavel G, Garg SS, Castanaza A, Thompson LM, Diaz-Artiga A, Papageorghiou AT, Davila-Roman VG, Underhill LJ, Hartinger SM, Williams KN, Nicolaou L, Chang HH, Lovvorn AE, Rosenthal JP, Pillarisetti A, Ye W, Naeher LP, Johnson MA, Waller LA, Jabbarzadeh S, Wang J, Chen Y, Steenland K, Clasen TF, Peel JL, Checkley W; HAPIN Investigators. Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass Cooking and Severe Infant Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2024 Jan 4;390(1):32-43. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2305681.
- Balakrishnan K, Steenland K, Clasen T, Chang H, Johnson M, Pillarisetti A, Ye W, Naeher LP, Diaz-Artiga A, McCracken JP, Thompson LM, Rosa G, Kirby MA, Thangavel G, Sambandam S, Mukhopadhyay K, Puttaswamy N, Aravindalochanan V, Garg S, Ndagijimana F, Hartinger S, Underhill LJ, Kearns KA, Campbell D, Kremer J, Waller L, Jabbarzadeh S, Wang J, Chen Y, Rosenthal J, Quinn A, Papageorghiou AT, Ramakrishnan U, Howards PP, Checkley W, Peel JL; HAPIN Investigators. Exposure-response relationships for personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide, and black carbon and birthweight: an observational analysis of the multicountry Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. Lancet Planet Health. 2023 May;7(5):e387-e396. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00052-9.
- Clasen TF, Chang HH, Thompson LM, Kirby MA, Balakrishnan K, Diaz-Artiga A, McCracken JP, Rosa G, Steenland K, Younger A, Aravindalochanan V, Barr DB, Castanaza A, Chen Y, Chiang M, Clark ML, Garg S, Hartinger S, Jabbarzadeh S, Johnson MA, Kim DY, Lovvorn AE, McCollum ED, Monroy L, Moulton LH, Mukeshimana A, Mukhopadhyay K, Naeher LP, Ndagijimana F, Papageorghiou A, Piedrahita R, Pillarisetti A, Puttaswamy N, Quinn A, Ramakrishnan U, Sambandam S, Sinharoy SS, Thangavel G, Underhill LJ, Waller LA, Wang J, Williams KN, Rosenthal JP, Checkley W, Peel JL; HAPIN Investigators. Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass for Cooking and Effects on Birth Weight. N Engl J Med. 2022 Nov 10;387(19):1735-1746. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206734. Epub 2022 Oct 10.
- Simkovich SM, Thompson LM, Clark M, Balakrishnan K, Bussalleu A, Checkley W, Clasen T, Davila-Roman V, Diaz-Artiga A, de las Fuentes L, Harvey S, Kirby M, Lovvorn A, McCollum E, Peel J, Quinn A, Rosa G, Underhill L, Williams K, Young B, Rosenthal J. A Risk Assessment Tool for Resumption of Research Activities During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Res Sq [Preprint]. 2020 Nov 12:rs.3.rs-103997. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-103997/v1.
- Nicolaou L, Underhill L, Hossen S, Simkovich S, Thangavel G, Rosa G, McCracken JP, Davila-Roman V, de las Fuentes L, Quinn AK, Clark M, Diaz A, Pillarisetti A, Steenland K, Waller LA, Jabbarzadeh S, Peel JL, Checkley W; HAPIN Investigators. Cross-sectional analysis of the association between personal exposure to household air pollution and blood pressure in adult women: Evidence from the multi-country Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 4):114121. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114121. Epub 2022 Aug 24.
- Davila-Roman VG, Toenjes AK, Meyers RM, Lenzen PM, Simkovich SM, Herrera P, Fung E, Papageorghiou AT, Craik R, McCracken JP, Thompson LM, Balakrishnan K, Rosa G, Peel J, Clasen TF, Hossen S, Checkley W, de las Fuentes L; HAPIN Investigators. Ultrasound Core Laboratory for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial: Standardized Training and Image Management for Field Studies Using Portable Ultrasound in Fetal, Lung, and Vascular Evaluations. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2021 Jun;47(6):1506-1513. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.02.015. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
- Simkovich SM, Thompson LM, Clark ML, Balakrishnan K, Bussalleu A, Checkley W, Clasen T, Davila-Roman VG, Diaz-Artiga A, Dusabimana E, de las Fuentes L, Harvey S, Kirby MA, Lovvorn A, McCollum ED, Mollinedo EE, Peel JL, Quinn A, Rosa G, Underhill LJ, Williams KN, Young BN, Rosenthal J; HAPIN Investigators. A risk assessment tool for resumption of research activities during the COVID-19 pandemic for field trials in low resource settings. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2021 Apr 12;21(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s12874-021-01232-x.
- Liao J, McCracken JP, Piedrahita R, Thompson L, Mollinedo E, Canuz E, De Leon O, Diaz-Artiga A, Johnson M, Clark M, Pillarisetti A, Kearns K, Naeher L, Steenland K, Checkley W, Peel J, Clasen TF; HAPIN investigators. The use of bluetooth low energy Beacon systems to estimate indirect personal exposure to household air pollution. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2020 Nov;30(6):990-1000. doi: 10.1038/s41370-019-0172-z. Epub 2019 Sep 26.
- Pillarisetti A, Ye W, Peel JL, Chang H, Underhill LJ, Balakrishnan K, Diaz-Artiga A, McCracken JP, Rosa G, Thompson LM, Aravindalochanan V, Boyd Barr D, Chen Y, Chiang M, Clark ML, Davila-Roman V, Jabbarzadeh S, Johnson MA, Kirby MA, Lovvorn AE, Naeher LP, Ndagijimana F, Piedrahita R, Puttaswamy N, Waller LA, Wang J, Williams KN, Nicolaou L, Checkley W, Clasen TF, Rosenthal JP, Steenland K; HAPIN Investigators. Household air pollution and blood pressure among adult women participants of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial: An exposure-response analysis. Environ Res. 2025 Nov 15;285(Pt 5):122570. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.122570. Epub 2025 Aug 12.
- Sivalogan K, Stein AD, Thompson LM, Wang J, Diaz-Artiga A, Aravindalochanan V, Jabbarzadeh S, Nicolaou L, Williams KN, Balakrishnan K, Peel JL, Checkley W, Clasen T, Sinharoy SS; HAPIN investigators. Provision of a liquefied petroleum gas cookstove and fuel during pregnancy and infancy and linear growth trajectories between birth and 12 months: evidence from the multi-center Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2025 Jun 6:2025.06.05.25329099. doi: 10.1101/2025.06.05.25329099.
- Quinn A, Hengstermann M, Diaz-Artiga A, Pillarisetti A, Clark M, Ruiz-Aguilar L, Ndagijimana F, McCracken JP, Rosa G, Checkley W, Peel J, Clasen TF, Thompson L; HAPIN Investigators. Development of personal air pollution exposure report-back materials to Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial participants in Guatemala and Rwanda: a qualitative study. BMJ Glob Health. 2025 May 15;10(5):e017672. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017672.
- Raheel H, Sinharoy S, Diaz-Artiga A, Garg SS, Pillarisetti A, Balakrishnan K, Chiang M, Lovvorn A, Kirby M, Ramakrishnan U, Jabbarzadeh S, Mukeshimana A, Johnson M, McCracken JP, Naeher LP, Rosa G, Wang J, Rosenthal J, Checkley W, Clasen TF, Peel JL, Thompson LM; Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) investigators. Effects of a liquefied petroleum gas stove and fuel intervention on head circumference and length at birth: A multi-country household air pollution intervention network (HAPIN) trial. Environ Int. 2025 Jan;195:109211. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109211. Epub 2024 Dec 24.
- Patil SS, Puttaswamy N, Cardenas A, Barr DB, Ghosh S, Balakrishnan K. Protocol for CARES-HAPIN: an ambidirectional cohort study on exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of early childhood caries. BMJ Open. 2024 May 15;14(5):e083874. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-083874.
- Sivalogan K, Liang D, Accardi C, Diaz-Artiga A, Hu X, Mollinedo E, Ramakrishnan U, Teeny SN, Tran V, Clasen TF, Thompson LM, Sinharoy SS. Human Milk Composition Is Associated with Maternal Body Mass Index in a Cross-Sectional, Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Human Milk from Guatemalan Mothers. Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Apr 10;8(5):102144. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102144. eCollection 2024 May.
- Checkley W, Thompson LM, Hossen S, Nicolaou L, Williams KN, Hartinger SM, Chiang M, Balakrishnan K, Garg SS, Thangavel G, Aravindalochanan V, Rosa G, Mukeshimana A, Ndagijimana F, McCracken JP, Diaz-Artiga A, Sinharoy SS, Waller L, Wang J, Jabbarzadeh S, Chen Y, Steenland K, Kirby MA, Ramakrishnan U, Johnson M, Pillarisetti A, McCollum ED, Craik R, Ohuma EO, Davila-Roman VG, de las Fuentes L, Simkovich SM, Peel JL, Clasen TF, Papageorghiou AT; Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Investigators. Cooking with liquefied petroleum gas or biomass and fetal growth outcomes: a multi-country randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2024 May;12(5):e815-e825. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00033-0.
- Mollinedo E, McCracken JP, Johnson M, Piedrahita R, Pillarisetti A, Waller LA, Wang J, Thompson LM, Diaz-Artiga A, de Leon O, Ramirez A, Polanco A, Campbell D, Kearns KA, Kremer J, Nicolaou L, Clark ML, Balakrishnan K, Rosa G, Peel JL, Checkley W, Clasen TF, Naeher LP. Comparing Performance and Reliability of Collocated Enhanced Children's MicroPEM (ECM) on Gravimetric and Nephelometric PM2.5 Personal Exposure Samples in Field Measurements in Rural Guatemala. Indoor Air. 2025;2025:8812602. doi: 10.1155/ina/8812602. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
- Sivalogan K, Stein AD, Thompson LM, Wang J, Diaz-Artiga A, Aravindalochanan V, Jabbarzadeh S, Lovvorn AE, Ndagijimana F, Nicolaou L, Williams KN, Balakrishnan K, Peel JL, Checkley W, Clasen T, Sinharoy SS; HAPIN investigators paragraph sign. Provision of a liquefied petroleum gas cookstove and fuel during pregnancy and infancy and linear growth trajectories between birth and 12 months: Evidence from the multi-center Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025 Dec 31;5(12):e0004831. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004831. eCollection 2025.
研究记录日期
这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。
研究主要日期
学习开始 (实际的)
2017年9月1日
初级完成 (实际的)
2025年6月30日
研究完成 (实际的)
2025年6月30日
研究注册日期
首次提交
2016年10月17日
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
2016年10月24日
首次发布 (估计的)
2016年10月26日
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
2026年5月11日
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
2026年5月7日
最后验证
2026年5月1日
更多信息
此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.