使用虚拟现实对厄瓜多尔有焦虑和抑郁症状的老年人进行正念干预

无干预：电话办理登机手续

研究人员每周都会给患者打电话，询问他们的情况。

实验性的：VR mindfulness intervention

The intervention consists of a total of 10 sessions, each lasting 30 minutes. In each session, the investigators fit participants with a VR headset equipped with a smartphone running the Sites in VR app. The phone, placed in the viewing compartment of the headset, displays a nature scene of the participant's choosing. Once participants have acclimated to the scene and understand how to look around the VR environment (by moving their heads in different directions), the investigators read a mindfulness script that includes a guided body scan and instructions to engage participants in experiencing the virtual reality nature scene using multiple senses.

行为的：使用虚拟现实进行正念

在每次会议中，参与者将在使用 VR 设备的同时，通过以下正念脚本进行引导，这里是带有摘录的缩写版本：

“环视四周。 尝试让自己进入当下的状态。 注意你周围场景的存在。 空气接触你的皮肤感觉如何？” “你的脚接触地面感觉如何？ 你在哪里？ 你看到了什么？” “你听到什么了吗？” “你闻到什么味道了？ 你尝尝什么味道？ 当你坐着的时候，想象你正在走路。” “你正在经历什么身体感觉？ 你有什么想法？ 你有什么情绪？” 在干预结束时，参与者会被问到这样的问题：“在 VR 课程之前、期间和之后，你注意到自己的想法和情绪是什么？ 您是否注意到您的身体感觉或情绪发生了变化？ 您愿意分享的经历中有什么困难或不舒服的地方吗？”

Behavioral Activation Scale for Depression (BADS)

Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS), a 25-item self-report measure assessing levels of behavioral activation and avoidance associated with depression. Items are rated on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 6 (completely). Item scores are summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 to 150. Higher total scores indicate greater behavioral activation, increased engagement in goal-directed activities, and lower levels of depressive avoidance.

Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)

The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) is a 15-item self-report measure assessing dispositional mindfulness and attention to present-moment experiences. Items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale and summed to obtain a total score ranging from 15 to 90. Higher scores indicate greater mindfulness and awareness of present-moment experiences.

Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15)

Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), a 15-item self-report screening instrument designed for older adults. Items are answered in a dichotomous yes/no format and summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptom severity. Scores of 0-4 indicate no depressive symptoms, whereas scores ≥5 suggest the presence of depressive symptomatology.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) , a seven-item self-report measure assessing the frequency of core symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder during the previous two weeks. Items are rated on a four-point scale ranging from 0 "not at all" to 3 "nearly every day,"- Total scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety severity. Scores of 5, 10, and 15 represent mild, moderate, and severe anxiety symptoms, respectively.

感知压力量表（PSS）

压力测量