积极心理干预对提高护士心理弹性的有效性

无干预：对照组

对照组不接受干预

实验性的：Positive Psychology Intervention

The experimental group will receive multicomponent of positive psychology intervention with the specific domain related to resilience enhancement in nurses Ciarrochi et al. (2022). The program consists of five resilience domains/ six positive psychology virtues in fourteen sessions. Each session will take 60 minutes, two sessions per week. The program will last for seven weeks, followed by posttest immediately after intervention, 3-months, and 6-months follow up.

行为的：积极心理干预

为期 14 次的干预计划旨在增强各种内部弹性因素。 它首先以积极心理学为导向并制定团体指南。 认知弹性是通过识别个人和特征优势、重新评估记忆和学习品味技巧来发展的。 通过关注宽恕、管理决策疲劳和促进积极的沟通，可以增强情绪恢复能力。 精神韧性是通过感恩实践和探索希望和乐观来培养的。 行为复原力是通过认识他人的优势和参与利他主义来解决的。 最后的会议整合了所有这些要素，以促进参与、关系、意义和成就方面的持久积极变化。 会议中期反馈可确保计划的有效性和对参与者需求的响应能力。

Resilience

Resilience will be measure with the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The CD-RISC was developed in the United States to measure individuals' ability to cope effectively when faced with adversity (Connor & Davidson, 2003). The revised scale includes 25 items and three dimensions (tenacity, strength, and optimism). Each item is rated on a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (almost always). The Cronbach's alpha value for the CDRISC 25 has been reported to be 0.91 in a study on a sample of nurses (Arias González et al., 2015).

Stress

Stress will be measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The PSS-10 is a 10-item questionnaire that is widely used to assess stress levels in young people and adults aged 12 and above. The Cronbach's alpha value for the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) in nurses has been reported to be 0.93 in a study in South Africa (Engelbrecht, 2022). Items are rated on a 5-point scale from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Positively worded items are reverse scored before summation, producing a total score ranging from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress.

Depression

Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 is a nine-item self-report tool that is used to screen for the presence and severity of depression. Each item is scored from 0 to 3, providing a total score ranging from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms. The Cronbach's alpha for the PHQ-9 has been reported to be 0.89 in a study by Kroenke et al. (2001).

Burnout

Burnout will be measure with The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). MBI is a psychological assessment instrument that measures burnout as a continuum on three different dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and reduced Personal Accomplishment. The MBI is considered the "gold standard" for measuring burnout. The Cronbach's alpha value for the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in nurses has been reported to range from 0.70 to 0.90, indicating good internal consistency and reliability (Trigo et al., 2018).

Work performance

Work performance will be measured by the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ). The IWPQ assesses individual work performance across three dimensions: task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior. This questionnaire includes items that evaluate how well nurses plan and execute their work, their willingness to help colleagues and take on additional responsibilities, and their ability to avoid counterproductive behaviors. Items are rated on a 5-point response scale. The IWPQ is known for its reliability, with Cronbach's alpha values typically ranging from 0.70 to 0.85 across different dimensions, making it a dependable tool for measuring work performance.