青少年驾驶员家长危险预期计划 (HazAPP)

无干预：控制

该研究中的父母和青少年不会接受任何形式的干预。

实验性的：Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers

Parents and teens randomly assigned to this arm of the trial will engage in a web-based training that provides parents with guidance on how to train their teen to identify potential hazards on the roadway. Parents are also given an opportunity to practice these new skills with teens when watching videos unfold together. The program will take 2-3 hours to complete and can be done over a one-week period at the parent's convenience.

行为的：Hazard Anticipation Program for Parents of Teen Drivers

Parents and teens who receive the intervention will complete a web-based training that provides parents with guidance on how to teach their teen to identify potential hazards on the roadway. The program begins by providing background on teens' difficulty learning this skill and the motivational interviewing techniques that are demonstrated in the course. Parents then engage with a series of hazard videos representing 6 common hazard types. For each hazard, parents watch the hazard unfold, provide an example of what they might say to their teen, and are provided with examples of how to coach their teen through the hazard before it becomes a critical event. Parents and teens then jointly watch 12 videos depicting hazards unfolding on the roadway. Teens are asked to identify the hazard indicate what they believe was the key event that caused the hazard without parental input. Then parents and teens are given an opportunity to replay the video and discuss the hazard together.

其他名称：

• 危险品应用程序

Parental instruction of teens' driving in vehicle

Investigators will code whether the parent verbally identifies the hazard, whether instruction from parents is functional or higher order in nature, if instruction precedes or follows the hazard event, and if the instruction contains elements of motivational interviewing. Functional instruction refers to instruction that applies only to the current context (e.g., "Slow down."). High-order instruction includes hazard anticipation communication that can be applied more generally to driving (e.g., "When there are brake lights ahead, be ready to brake too.") or why the hazard is dangerous by causally connecting dangerous features and their potential outcomes. When higher-order, hazard anticipation communication is present, investigators will also code if elements of motivational interviewing are present.

Parental instruction of teens' driving in simulator

For the simulator drive, investigators will code whether the parent verbally identifies the hazard, whether instruction from parents is functional or higher order in nature, if instruction precedes or follows the hazard event, and if the instruction contains elements of motivational interviewing. Functional instruction refers to instruction that applies only to the current context (e.g., "Slow down."). High-order instruction includes hazard anticipation communication that can be applied more generally to driving (e.g., "When there are brake lights ahead, be ready to brake too.") or why the hazard is dangerous by causally connecting dangerous features and their potential outcomes. When higher-order, hazard anticipation communication is present, investigators will also code if elements of motivational interviewing are present.

Teens' driving performance - accelerator release

For the simulator driver investigators will also measure if condition assignment is related to improved driving performance among teens. Investigators will specifically measure differences in accelerator release among the two groups in response to roadway hazards and parental instruction.

Teens' driving performance in simulator - brake force

For the simulator driver investigators will also measure if parental instruction is related to improved driving performance among teens. Investigators will specifically measure differences in brake force among the two groups in response to roadway hazards and parental instruction.

Teens' driving performance in simulator - lane position

For the simulator driver investigators will also measure if condition assignment is related to improved driving performance among teens. The investigators will specifically measure differences in lane position among the two groups in response to roadway hazards and parental instruction.