电子界研究 (e-SINCERE)

Participants receive usual care plus a referral to United Way 211 for assistance with social needs. No additional study-provided phone or navigation support is given.

Participants receive a standard referral to United Way 211 for assistance with social needs. 211 specialists contact referred patients, provide available service referrals, and follow up in an ad-hoc manner as per standard 211 protocols.

Participants receive a study-provided cellphone to ensure stable phone access. They are connected by phone to United Way 211 for assistance with social needs.

Participants receive a study-provided cellphone to ensure stable phone access. Using this device, participants are connected to United Way 211 specialists, who provide referral services for identified social needs. This intervention focuses on overcoming communication barriers that might otherwise prevent successful service connection.

Participants receive a study-provided cellphone and direct support from a Digital Navigator. The Navigator assists participants in accessing United Way 211 and helps troubleshoot barriers to connecting with services.

Participants receive a study-provided TracFone and direct support from a trained Digital Navigator. The Digital Navigator assists participants with accessing United Way 211 services, troubleshooting barriers to phone or internet use, and reinforcing follow-through on referrals. This arm is designed to provide enhanced, structured navigation support to address digital access barriers and increase successful service connections.

Proportion of participants who have at least one documented successful connection to a community social service (e.g., housing assistance, utilities, food support, transportation) within 6 months. Successful connection is defined as a recorded positive outcome in 211 or ServicePoint (client reached and service initiated) or participant self-report confirmed by case notes.

Change in PROMIS Global Health T-score from baseline to 6 months. Higher scores indicate better overall physical and mental health. Analysis will compare mean change between arms.

Number of all-cause ED visits per participant during the 6-month follow-up period, obtained from the institution's EDW and participant self-report for non-UHealth visits. Analysis will compare mean visits and proportion with any ED revisit between arms.

Proportion of participants in the phone/navigation arms with continuous phone connectivity (TracFone active and reachable) for at least 5 of 6 months. Connectivity assessed via phone service logs and navigator contact attempts.