改善老年人家庭沟通：一项试点随机对照试验 (ReFrame-P)

实验性的：ReFrame-R 培训

ReFrame-R项目包含四次每周90分钟的团体课程（总计6小时），并辅以每周简短的个别咨询，以解决障碍并加强家庭实践。 该项目改编自现有的面向非专业人士的动机访谈方案（Kline等人，2022年），以家庭系统理论为基础，旨在解决年长父母与成年子女关系中的过度/不足功能动态，同时强调共情倾听和自主支持性沟通。 将分发一本动机访谈技能手册，以支持和记录家庭实践。

行为的：ReFrame-R

ReFrame-R 项目改编自一项为外行人士制定的动机性访谈（MI）协议（Kline 等人，2022 年）。该课程以家庭系统理论为基础，特别针对老年父母与成年子女关系中常见的过度功能和功能不足动态，以及香港的文化特定背景。与一般的沟通研讨会不同，本项目强调父母与成年子女关系中的角色界限。

无干预：对照组

对照组参与者在研究期间不会接受主动训练。 他们将获得相同的动机访谈技巧手册以供参考和自主练习。

Perceived communication competence

Participants' self-perceived communication competence is assessed using an 11-item scale adapted from the Family Communication Scale (FCS). The scale consists of 10 items adapted from the original FCS to measure perceived ability to engage in positive communication with adult children, plus an additional item regarding overall communicagtion competence. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale (1-5), with a total score ranging from 11 to 55. Higher scores indicate a higher level of perceived communication competence.

Meaning in life

The 10-item Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ; Steger et al., 2006) is used. It consists of two subscales: presence of meaning (5 items) and search of meaning (5 items). Each subscale is rated on a 7-point scale, with summed scores are calculated (ranged 5-35 for each). Higher scores indicate stronger sense of purpose and motivation to find meaning, respectively.

Self-efficacy

Participants' self-efficacy will be assessed using the 6-item General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-6; Romppel et al., 2013). It is typically rated on a 4-point scale from 1 to 4. Total scores range from 6 to 24, with higher scores reflecting greater perceived self-efficacy.

Well-being

The 5-item WHO Well-Being Index will be adopted for measuring participants' subjective well-being (Bech, 1998; Kong et al., 2016), rated on a 7-point scale. The WHO-5 score ranges from 0 to 25, zero representing worst possible mental well-being and 25 representing best possible mental well-being.

Role boundaries

We used a 5-item scale adapted from the Control subscale of the Parent-Adult Child Relationship Questionnaire's Relationship with Father component (PACQF; Peisah et al., 1999). While the original scale assess children's perceptions of parental conrtol, this adapted version is a self-report measure for parent to assess their attempt to maintain power, influence, or dominance over their adult children. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale, with a total score ranging 5-25. Higher scores indicater higher levels of parent control, reflecting weaker awareness of role boundaries in parent-adult children relationship.

Family functioning

The 5-item Family Adaption, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve questionnaire (Family APGAR; Chan et al., 1988; Smilkstein, 1978) is used. This scale assesses participants' satisfaction with five aspects of family function. Each item is rated on a 3-point scale (0-2), with a total score ranged from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate better family functioning.

Training appropriateness

We used the 4-item Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) from Weiner et al (2017) to access training appropriateness. All items are rated on a 5-point scale (1-5), with an average score being calculated. Higher scores indicate greater perceived appropriateness of training.

Training acceptability

The 4-item Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM) from Weiner et al (2017) is adopted to access training appropriateness. All items are rated on a 5-point scale (1-5), with an average score being calculated. Higher scores indicate greater perceived acceptability of training.

Training feasibility

This study used the 4-item Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) from Weiner et al (2017) to access training feasibility. All items are rated on a 5-point scale (1-5), with an average score being calculated. Higher scores indicate greater perceived feasibility of training.