对弱势家庭儿童肥胖预防多组分早期干预的评估 (Bambú)

对照组将不会接受干预。 被分配到对照组的家庭将接受他们通常的护理。

在研究过程中，不会对家庭或初级保健中心获取其他培训和支持服务施加任何限制，但此信息将作为潜在的混杂因素进行监测。

被分配到干预组的初级保健中心将被要求在研究结束前不要与对照组的其他中心分享干预内容。

This arm will include all primary care centers assigned to the intervention group.

All participants (parents) within these centers will receive the Bambú intervention.

They will participate in a 9-session group-based face-to-face intervention. Sessions will last 2 hours. The first 5 sessions will be delivered weekly and the following 4 sessions will be delivered monthly. They will be delivered at primary care centers in Catalonia, Andalusia, the Balearic Islands and Castile and León. They will be led by two professionals, either healthcare professionals working at the primary care center (who will be previously trained) or by members of the research team.

The following main topics will be covered in the program: (1) nutrition; (2) physical activity and interactive play; (3) emotion regulation; (4) positive parenting; (5) child sleep; and (6) community support networks.

Approximately 38 groups will be conducted, and each of them will include around 7 families.

Bambú项目是一项面向6个月至3.11岁儿童家长的面授团体干预计划，共设9次课程，要求至少一方家长存在超重或肥胖情况。每次课程时长为2小时。前五节课每周进行，后续四节课每月开展。课程由两名经过培训的协同带领者主持（培训包含两次线上课程及可访问包含所有干预材料的虚拟平台）。

该计划涵盖六大主题：(1) 营养：喂养实践与膳食建议；(2) 体育活动与互动游戏；(3) 情绪调节技巧与方法；(4) 积极育儿；(5) 儿童睡眠；(6) 社区支持网络。

干预方案为结构化设计，包含视频演示与互动活动。

该项目此前已与家庭及医疗专业人员共同设计，旨在满足超重或肥胖弱势家庭的需求与偏好。

The Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire is a self-administered questionnaire that measures parental feeding practices, specifically maternal responsiveness to children's hunger/satiety signals facilitated by routine and structure in feeding.

Age- and feeding-stage-appropriate versions of the questionnaire will be administered: (a) the specific FPSQ-28 version for children aged ≥2 years; and (b) the FPSQ version for children aged <2 years, either the FPSQ milk-feeding version (for caregivers predominantly feeding their child with milk) or the FPSQ (semi-)solids version (for caregivers predominantly feeding their child with solid food.

Each subscale is scored separately (range 1-5). No overall total score is calculated. Higher scores indicate greater endorsement of the feeding practice represented by the subscale.

The Movement Behavior Questionnaire is a self-administered questionnaire that measures physical activity, screen time and sleep in infants, toddlers and preschoolers.

The two age-specific versions of the questionnaire will be used: the MBQ-Baby (MBQ-B) for infants who have not yet reached the walking milestone, and the MBQ-Child (MBQ-C) for children who are able to walk. The closed-ended versions of the MBQ will be used.

The questionnaire does not produce a total score. It assesses individual movement behaviours (e.g., tummy time, physical activity, screen time, restrained time, sleep duration). Interpretation depends on the behaviour measured and its alignment with age-specific movement guidelines.

Parents' eating patterns will be measured with the self-administered Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire.

The questionnaire comprises three subscales (Restrained Eating, Emotional Eating, and External Eating), each scored separately by averaging item responses (range 1-5). No overall total score is calculated. Higher scores indicate greater endorsement of the eating behaviour measured by each subscale; the interpretation of whether this represents a more or less desirable outcome depends on the subscale.

Selected items (applicable to the whole children's age range included in the study) from the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) will be used to measure child sleep.

The complete BISQ will not be administered because the original questionnaire is not appropriate for the full age range of the study population. Sleep parameters derived from selected BISQ items will be analyzed individually. No total sleep score will be calculated; therefore, there is no overall minimum or maximum score. The direction of interpretation depends on the specific sleep parameter assessed (e.g., longer sleep duration is generally considered favorable, whereas more frequent night awakenings or longer nocturnal wakefulness may indicate poorer sleep).

Parents' acceptability and satisfaction with the program will be assessed with a Final Participant Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data will be collected after the last session of the intervention.

Higher scores indicate greater acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention.