To Evaluate Efficacy and Tolerability of Sodium Bicarbonate Toothpaste and Its Effect on Opportunistic or Resistant Organisms

July 26, 2018 updated by: GlaxoSmithKline

A Six Month Clinical Study Based in the US to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Sodium Bicarbonate Toothpaste and Its Effect on Opportunistic or Resistant Organisms

This study will compare the Gingival Bleeding and Gingival Inflammation following twice daily use of a sodium bicarbonate experimental dentifrice compared to a 0% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste after 24 weeks of use. The study will be conducted at Salus Research, Inc. Participants will be recruited from their database and by use of an external recruitment agency

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study will be a single-centre, examiner blind, two treatment, parallel group, stratified (by baseline number of bleeding sites smoking status and bacterial sampling) randomized clinical study. At the screening visit, following provision of written informed consent, eligible participants will be provided with a standard toothpaste and toothbrush for brushing once in at the clinic and for approximately one week use at home until the baseline visit. Participants will be asked to abstain from brushing over a 12 hour period prior to the Baseline visit. At the baseline visit an oral soft tissue (OST) assessment, Modified Gingival Index (MGI) and Bleeding Index (BI), and then dental plaque assessment will be performed. Participants will be stratified according to their baseline number of bleeding sites, smoking status and whether selected for bacterial sampling. Participants will be then randomized into one of two treatment groups. After using, their assigned treatment twice daily at home for 6 weeks (visit 3), 12 weeks (visit 4) and 24 weeks (visit 5), participants will return to the site with overnight plaque at approximately the same time of day as the Baseline visit if possible. Participants will undergo a full OST examination and the recording of any Adverse Events (AEs). Participants will then undergo MGI, BI followed by dental plaque assessment. Microbiological samples will be collected on a subset of 50 participants (Determined by first 50 participants randomized).

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
246

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Indiana
      • Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States, 46825
        • GSK Investigational Site

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Good general health with (in the opinion of the investigator) no clinically significant and relevant abnormalities of medical history or oral/dental examination.
  • A minimum of 20 permanent gradable teeth
  • Moderate gingivitis present at the screening visit in the opinion of the investigator
  • A total of 20 bleeding sites or greater at baseline visit
  • Positive response to bleeding on brushing present at the screening visit

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnant or breast feeding women
  • Tobacco chewers
  • Current or relevant history of any serious, severe or unstable physical or psychiatric illness or any other medical condition (e.g. Diabetes Mellitus) that would make the participant unlikely to fully complete the study or any that increases the risk to the participant or undermines the data validity.
  • Recent history (within the last year) of alcohol or other substance abuse
  • Participants requiring prophylactic antibiotic treatment prior to dental therapy
  • Known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to the study materials (or closely related compounds) or any of their stated ingredients
  • Have current active caries or any medical conditions which may directly influence gingival bleeding
  • Use of concomitant or any systemic medication that, in the opinion of the investigator, might interfere with the outcome of the study or have an effect on gingival conditions within 14 days of gingival examinations
  • Excessive calculus present that interferes with the probing examination for Gingival Bleeding Index
  • Participation in another clinical study or receipt of an investigational drug or oral care product within 30 days of the screening visit
  • An employee of the sponsor or the study site or members or their immediate family.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Experimental Dentifrice
Participants were advised to brush their teeth with experimental dentifrice containing sodium bicarbonate plus 1150 parts per million (ppm) fluoride as sodium fluoride
Drug: Sodium bicarbonate and sodium fluoride
Experimental toothpaste containing sodium bicarbonate experimental dentifrice plus 1150 parts per million (ppm) fluoride as sodium fluoride
Active Comparator: Reference Dentifrice
Participants were advised to brush their teeth with reference dentifrice containing 1100ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride
Drug: Sodium fluoride
Comparator toothpaste containing 1100 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Gingival Bleeding Sites at 24 Weeks
Time Frame: 24 weeks
The Bleeding Index was performed by a single examiner using a color coded periodontal probe. The probe was engaged approximately 1 millimetre (mm) into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. The BI scoring system used is as follows: 0= No bleeding after 30 seconds; 1= Bleeding upon probing after 30 seconds; 2= Immediate bleeding observed
24 weeks
Modified Gingival Index (MGI) at 24 Weeks
Time Frame: 24 weeks
MGI was assessed on facial and lingual surfaces at two sites on each tooth (papillae and margin). The scoring of the MGI was performed under dental office conditions using a standard dental light for illuminating the oral cavity. Compressed air, water and mouth mirrors were available to each examiner. This procedure was performed by a single examiner. The MGI scoring system is as follows: 0 = absence of inflammation; 1 = mild inflammation; slight change in color, little change in color; little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit; 2 = mild inflammation; criteria as above but involving the entire marginal or papillar gingival units; 3= moderate inflammation; glazing, redness, edema, and/ or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit; 4 = severe inflammation; marked redness, edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit, spontaneous bleeding, congestion, or ulceration
24 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Gingival Bleeding Sites at 6 and 12 Weeks
Time Frame: Baseline, 6 and 12 weeks
BI was performed by a single examiner using a color coded periodontal probe. The probe was engaged approximately 1mm into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. The BI scoring system used is as follows: 0= No bleeding after 30 seconds; 1= Bleeding upon probing after 30 seconds; 2= Immediate bleeding observed
Baseline, 6 and 12 weeks
Modified Gingival Index (MGI)) at 6 and 12 Weeks.
Time Frame: 6 and 12 weeks
MGI was assessed on facial and lingual surfaces at two sites on each tooth (papillae and margin). The scoring of the MGI was performed under dental office conditions using a standard dental light for illuminating the oral cavity. Compressed air, water and mouth mirrors were available to each examiner. This procedure was performed by a single examiner. The MGI scoring system is as follows: 0 = absence of inflammation; 1 = mild inflammation; slight change in color, little change in color; little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit; 2 = mild inflammation; criteria as above but involving the entire marginal or papillar gingival units; 3= moderate inflammation; glazing, redness, edema, and/ or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit; 4 = severe inflammation; marked redness, edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit, spontaneous bleeding, congestion, or ulceration
6 and 12 weeks
Bleeding Index (BI) at 6, 12 and 24 Weeks
Time Frame: 6, 12 and 24 weeks
BI was performed by a single examiner using a color coded periodontal probe. The probe was engaged approximately 1mm into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. The BI scoring system used is as follows: 0= No bleeding after 30 seconds; 1= Bleeding upon probing after 30 seconds; 2= Immediate bleeding observed
6, 12 and 24 weeks
Plaque Control (Overall and Interproximal Dental Plaque Scores) at 6, 12 and 24 Weeks.
Time Frame: 6, 12 and 24 weeks
The dental examiner had used the Turesky Modification of the Quigley Hein Index to assess plaque on all gradable teeth. Interproximal Dental Plaque Scores were analyzed in the same way as for Overall scores but just based on mesiofacial, facial, distofacial, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual surfaces. Dental Plaque (Quigley-Hein, Turesky Modification Index) Units on a scale 0 to 5: 0= No plaque; 1= Slight flecks of plaque at the cervical margin of the tooth; 2= A thin continuous band of plaque (1 mm or smaller) at the cervical margin of the tooth; 3= A band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than 1/3 of the crown of the tooth; 4= Plaque covering at least 1/3 but less than 2/3 of the crown of the tooth; 5= Plaque covering 2/3 or more of the crown of the tooth.
6, 12 and 24 weeks
Bacterial Count at Baseline, After 6, 12, 24 and 32 Weeks
Time Frame: Baseline, 6, 12, 24 and 32 weeks
Microbiological samples were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 32 weeks. Plaque was harvested from contra-lateral 1st molar teeth, where no restorations are present, using a sterile paper point. The paper point was immersed into 4 ml of Calgon Ringer's solution in a sterile bijou and kept on ice until they can be taken to the laboratory for processing (within 24 hours).
Baseline, 6, 12, 24 and 32 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
GlaxoSmithKline

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 25, 2014

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 1, 2015

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 30, 2015

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 21, 2014

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 31, 2014

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 4, 2014

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 31, 2018

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 26, 2018

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 202193
  • RH02434 (Other Identifier: GSK)

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