Effect of Dairy Consumption on Glycemic Control, Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

May 27, 2026 updated by: Joslin Diabetes Center

Effect of Consumption of Dairy Products on Glycemic Control, Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

This is a randomized prospective clinical study in patients with type 2 diabetes to evaluate the effect of dairy products with full or low fat on glycemic control and cardio-metabolic risk factors in comparison to a regular diet.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This is a randomized, controlled clinical study in which 108 subjects with type 2 diabetes will be randomized into 3 different groups:

Full fat dairy group (Group A): will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of full fat dairy products into their diet

Low fat dairy group (Group B): will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of low fat dairy products into their diet

Control group (Group C): will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will not be asked to include a specified amount or type of dairy products

Subjects in Groups A and B will be educated about different dairy products' serving sizes and fat content. Subjects in all 3 groups will be asked to record their daily intake of dairy products in a dedicated log book. Subjects randomized to groups A and B will be asked to only use only dairy products with either the full fat or and low (≤1%) fat dairy (≤1% fat content) content respectively. Purchase of the dairy products will be the responsibility of study subjects for which a subsidy of $500 (about $20/week for 24 weeks) will be provided for each subject. All study participants will also be asked to record their food intake for 3 days before each study visit in a 3-day food log.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
112

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Massachusetts
      • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215
        • Joslin Diabetes Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Having type 2 diabetes for at least three months prior to screening and treated with any antihyperglycemic medication
  • A1C ≥7 %
  • Consuming <3 servings of dairy products per day
  • On stable dose of diabetes, blood pressure or cholesterol medications for 3 months
  • Body weight is within 10% of current weight over the last 6 months before starting the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnancy or lactation
  • Lactose intolerance
  • Allergy to milk or any of its components
  • Use of orlistat
  • History of pancreatitis
  • History of gastric bypass surgery or sleeve gastrectomy
  • Active malignancy
  • History of recent cardiovascular event
  • Having a heart pacemaker
  • Enrollment in other studies that may affect study outcomes

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Full fat dairy group
Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietitian and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of full fat dairy products into their diet
Other: Full fat dairy
Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of full fat dairy products into their diet
Experimental: Low fat dairy group
Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietitian and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of low fat dairy products into their diet
Other: Low fat dairy
Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will be instructed to include at least ≥3 servings of low fat dairy products into their diet
Other: Control group
Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will not be asked to include a specified amount or type of dairy products
Other: Control
Participants will receive nutritional counseling aiming to maintain body weight from a registered dietician and will not be asked to include a specified amount or type of dairy products

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Change in Hemoglobin A1C (A1C)
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in body weight
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in total cholesterol
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in triglycerides
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in fasting plasma glucose
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance (IR) index after 24 weeks compared to baseline
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in body fat percentage
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in fat free mass
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Height in meters
Time Frame: Baseline
Used in calculation of Body Mass Index
Baseline
Change in total body water
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in waist circumference
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in trunk fat percentage
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in visceral fat level
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in blood pressure
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Change in c-reactive protein level
Time Frame: Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks
Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Joslin Diabetes Center

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Osama Hamdy, M.D., Ph.D., Joslin Diabetes Center

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 1, 2016

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 1, 2018

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 4, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 6, 2016

First Posted (Estimated)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 12, 2016

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 28, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 27, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2016-04

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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