Non-pharmacological Treatments for Non-malignant and Malignant Pain

February 6, 2020 updated by: Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse, University of Liege

Non-pharmacological Treatments (Self-hypnosis/Self-care and Music-therapy) for Non-malignant and Malignant Pain : a Randomized Study

Chronic pain concerns one in four adults in Belgium. Because of the psychological and social repercussions, a biopsychosocial approach is necessary in order to improve the quality of life of people suffering from chronic pain. Non-pharmacological techniques such as hypnosis, self-care learning and music-therapy are gaining more and more interest in the scientific field. Indeed, several studies have shown a reduction in psychological distress and an improvement in global quality of life after having learned self-hypnosis/self-care. Furthermore, other studies focusing on music as a treatment for chronic pain highlight an analgesic effect of music over pain and a reduction of common comorbidities. Nevertheless, only few studies aim at comparing these techniques to each other. The aim of our study would be to compare a 7 months learning program of self-hypnosis/self-care, music-therapy/self-care, motivation to learn self-hypnosis/self-care in order to highlight the most efficient treatment for chronic pain. Furthermore, we will include another type of chronic pain i.e. cancer pain to understand if self-hypnosis/self-care's impact is different in the other type of chronic pain.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Unknown

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
200

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Belgium
      • Liège, Belgium, 4000
        • Recruiting
        • Hospital University of Liège
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Major
  • Fluency in French
  • Chronic pain diagnosis (malignant and non-malignant)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Neurologic disorder
  • Psychiatric disorder
  • Drug addiction
  • Alcoholism

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: NONE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
EXPERIMENTAL: Self-hypnosis/self-care group
It is a 7-months 2 hours-session (1 session per month) of self-hypnosis/self-care learning. Participants are given strategies to learn self-care (knowing their needs, self-respect, communication etc.), each strategy is discussed for participant to understand them and thus apply them correctly in daily life. An hypnosis exercise is conducted at the end of each session. A CD with the audiotaped hypnosis exercise is given to each patient so that they can practice also every day.
Behavioral: Self-hypnosis/self-care
It is a 7-months 2 hours-session (1 session per month) of self-hypnosis/self-care learning. Participants are given strategies to learn self-care (knowing their needs, self-respect, communication etc.), each strategy is discussed for participant to understand them and thus apply them correctly in daily life. An hypnosis exercise is conducted at the end of each session. A CD with the audiotaped hypnosis exercise is given to each patient so that they can practice also every day.
EXPERIMENTAL: Music/self-care
It is a 7-months 2 hours-session (1 session per month) of music/self-care learning. Participants are given strategies to learn self-care (knowing their needs, self-respect, communication etc.), each strategy is discussed for participant to understand them and thus apply them correctly in daily life. At the end of each session, patients are invited to listen to a relaxing melody of 15 minutes. This melody was composed by a professional musico-therapist. A CD with the audiotaped melody is given to each patient so that they can practice also every day.
Behavioral: Music/self-care
It is a 7-months 2 hours-session (1 session per month) of music/self-care learning. Participants are given strategies to learn self-care (knowing their needs, self-respect, communication etc.), each strategy is discussed for participant to understand them and thus apply them correctly in daily life. At the end of each session, patients are invited to listen to a relaxing melody of 15 minutes. This melody was composed by a professional musico-therapist. A CD with the audiotaped melody is given to each patient so that they can practice also every day.
EXPERIMENTAL: Self-hypnosis/self-care motivation
It is a 7-months 2 hours-session (1 session per month) of self-hypnosis/self-care learning. Participants are given strategies to learn self-care (knowing their needs, self-respect, communication etc.), each strategy is discussed for participant to understand them and thus apply them correctly in daily life. An hypnosis exercise is conducted at the end of each session. A CD with the audiotaped hypnosis exercise is given to each patient so that they can practice also every day.
Behavioral: Self-hypnosis/self-care motivation
It is a 7-months 2 hours-session (1 session per month) of self-hypnosis/self-care learning. Participants are given strategies to learn self-care (knowing their needs, self-respect, communication etc.), each strategy is discussed for participant to understand them and thus apply them correctly in daily life. An hypnosis exercise is conducted at the end of each session. A CD with the audiotaped hypnosis exercise is given to each patient so that they can practice also every day.
EXPERIMENTAL: Self-hypnosis/self-care malignant pain
It is a 7-months 2 hours-session (1 session per month) of self-hypnosis/self-care learning. Participants are given strategies to learn self-care (knowing their needs, self-respect, communication etc.), each strategy is discussed for participant to understand them and thus apply them correctly in daily life. An hypnosis exercise is conducted at the end of each session. A CD with the audiotaped hypnosis exercise is given to each patient so that they can practice also every day.
Behavioral: Self-hypnosis/self-care malignant pain
It is a 7-months 2 hours-session (1 session per month) of self-hypnosis/self-care learning. Participants are given strategies to learn self-care (knowing their needs, self-respect, communication etc.), each strategy is discussed for participant to understand them and thus apply them correctly in daily life. An hypnosis exercise is conducted at the end of each session. A CD with the audiotaped hypnosis exercise is given to each patient so that they can practice also every day.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in pain description
Time Frame: Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
The impact of slef-hypnosis/self-care on pain description will be assessed by means of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain).
Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in sleep
Time Frame: Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care upon the severity of insomnia will be assessed by means of the "Insomnia Severity Index" (Morin et al., 2001). Scale ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (very severe).
Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in anxiety
Time Frame: Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on anxiety will be assessed by means of the subtest "anxiety" of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Zigmond & Snaith, 1983). Scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always).
Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in depression
Time Frame: Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on depression will be assessed by means of the subtest "anxiety" of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Zigmond & Snaith, 1983). Scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always).
Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in pain disability
Time Frame: Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on pain disability will be assessed by means of the "Pain Disability Index" (PDI, Tait et al., 1990). Scale ranging from 0 (no difficulties) to 10 (a lot of difficulties).
Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in attitudes and beliefs about pain
Time Frame: Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on the attitudes and beliefs about pain will be assessed my means of the "Survey of Pain Attitudes" (SOPA, Jensen & Karoly, 1987). Scale ranging from 0 (totally wrong) to 10 (totally right).
Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in quality of life
Time Frame: Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on the quality of life will be assessed by means of the "Short Form-36"(SF-36, Ware et al., 1988). Each item is balanced to obtain a score between 0 (worst quality) to 100 (maximum quality).
Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in locus of control
Time Frame: Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on the locus of control will be assessed my means og the "Multidimensional Health Locus of Control" (MHLC, Wallston et al., 1978). Scale ranging from 1 (no agreement) to 4 (agreement).
Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change of the impact of pain
Time Frame: Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on the impact of pain in individual's life, quality of social support and general activity, will be assessed my means of the "Multidimensional Pain Index" (PDI, Kerns et al., 1985). Scale ranging from 0 (none) to 6 (a lot).
Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in generic health
Time Frame: Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
The impact of self-hypnosis/self-care on generic health will be assessed by the "EuroQol 5 Dimensions" questionnaire (EQ-5D, Health Policy, 1990). Scale ranging from 1 (no problems) to 3 (extreme problems).
Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
Change in health status
Time Frame: Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)
The impact of Self-hypnosis/self-care on global health status will be assessed by means of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Scale ranging from 0 (worst health status) to 100 (best health status).
Day 0 (before the intervention), up to 7 months (right after the intervention), up to 13 months (6 months follow-up), up to 19 months (12 months follow-up)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Liege

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 8, 2018

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 10, 2019

Study Completion (ANTICIPATED)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 2, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 2, 2020

First Posted (ACTUAL)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 3, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 10, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 6, 2020

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2015/85-B

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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