Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Depression and Quality of Life

June 8, 2020 updated by: Begüm Okudan, Okan University

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Depression and Quality of Life: Cross Sectional Study on Turkish Society and Suggestions on Potential Solution

It is aimed to investigate the depression and quality of life of Turkish society caused by Covid-19 pandemic and reveal the relationship between them

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Study hypothesis that people are tend to be depressed and the quality of life is affected negatively by Covid-19 pandemic. Although Turkey has affected moderately, the immediate change on depression and quality of life observable and measurable. It is aimed to investigate the depression and quality of life of Turkish society caused by Covid-19 pandemic and reveal the relationship between them. According to existing data and perspective of psychology and physiotherapy, potential solutions will be aligned.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
543

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Istanbul, Turkey, 34959
        • Okan University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

15 years to 65 years (Child, Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The population of the individuals between 15 - 65 ages in Turkey is 56.391.925 people. It is calculated that there are 42.463.119 individuals cover the criterion as universe of the study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • being Turkish
  • understanding Turkish
  • currently living in Turkey
  • being between the age of 15 - 65
  • being literate
  • have internet access

Exclusion Criteria:

  • being diagnosed with a psychological disorder before the pandemic
  • having missing value on outcome measures
  • giving incomprehensible answering

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Turkish society
Individuals speak Turkish and lives in Turkey, ages between 15 - 65, literate and with internet access
Other: Online survey
Volunteer individuals enrolled the study after approval an online informed consent form. Sociodemographic data of the participants recorded as an online survey. Then, patient reported outcomes were used to assess depression (Zung depression Scale) and quality of life (WHO Qualiy of Life - Bref version).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Sociodemographic information form
Time Frame: two months after Covid 19 recognised as pandemic
Participants are asked to give information about: age, gender, educational status, height, weight, occupation, working status, city inhabited, whether they live alone or with someone, whether they have a chronic disease, have a pet, do physical activity, eat healthy and sufficient, have qualified sleep, whether they are supported economically.
two months after Covid 19 recognised as pandemic
Zung Depression Scale
Time Frame: two months after Covid 19 recognised as pandemic
Zung depression scale, developed by Zung (Zung, 1965), is patient rating depression scale, was used to asses four domains related to depression; somatic, mood disorders, psychomotor and psychological disorders. Each question is rated on a 4-point Likert scale (0- never, 1- sometimes, 2- frequently, 3- always). Scale contains 10 straight 10 reverse questions. The total score is calculated from the raw score obtained (total score = (raw score / 80) * 100). Accordingly, scores less than 50 are normal or no psychopathology; between 50 and 59 points indicates mild level, between 60 and 69 points indicate moderate level and 70 and above points indicate severe level depression (Thurber et al., 2002). The validity reliability of the scale was studied on Turkish society (Gencdogan & Nihal, 2011)
two months after Covid 19 recognised as pandemic
World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref
Time Frame: two months after Covid 19 recognised as pandemic
World Health Organization Quality of Life Bref is the short version of the WHOQOL-100 to assess the health-related quality of life (Harper et al., 1998), which has efficient psychometric properties, valid and reliable for Turkish society (Eser et al., 1999). It is essential for epidemiological survey and international report has built for psychometric properties for 26 country where Turkey within (Skevington et al., 2004). It has 4 domains; physical health, psychology, social relations and environment. Each question is answered on a 5-point Likert scale. The raw score is converted into a percentage system. The quality of life is interpreted as good as it gets closer to 100% (Akvardar et al., 2006).
two months after Covid 19 recognised as pandemic

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Okan University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Yuksek Ihtisas University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 6, 2020

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 18, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
May 18, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 18, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 18, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 19, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 11, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 8, 2020

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 56665618-204.01.07

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Data are stored by researches, if needed for scientific purposes, it can be discussed to share .

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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