Watermelon and Beetroot Products on Endothelial Function

December 21, 2022 updated by: Thiago Alvares, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Effect of Watermelon and Beetroot Products on Endothelial Function in Young and Older Adults

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction is the first step to development of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction occurs due to reduction in nitric oxide, a molecule that plays an important role on vascular health. Due to important role of nitric oxide in endothelial function, several studies have evaluated the effect of its precursors, such as L-citrulline and nitrate on endothelial function parameters. The present study will evaluate the effect of L-citrulline and nitrate derived by watermelon and beetroot products, respectively, on endothelial function of young and older participants. Furthermore, we will evaluate the plasmatic amino acids, nitrate, glucose and insulin in response to ingestion of these products.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
12

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Brazil
    • Rio De Janeiro
      • Macaé, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 27979-000
        • Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

14 years to 81 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria for healthy young participants:

  • Age between 18-35 years;
  • Triglycerides ≤ 150 mg/dL
  • HDL-cholesterol ≥ 50 mg/dL for women and ≥ 40 mg/dL for men;
  • Waist circumference ≤ 102 cm for men and ≤ 88 cm for women).

Inclusion Criteria for older people with cardiovascular risk:

  • Age ≥ 60 years;
  • Elevated triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL;
  • Reduced HDL-cholesterol ≤ 50 mg/dL for women and ≤ 40 mg/dL for men;
  • Elevated waist circumference ≥102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Elevated fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL);
  • Smoking;
  • Beetroot or watermelon allergy;
  • Unwillingness to avoid beetroot or watermelon products during the entire study;
  • Other chronic diseases (diabetes, liver disease, etc.) or acutely ill

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Maltodextrin
Dietary supplement: Placebo
A single dose of maltodextrin
Active Comparator: Watermelon
Watermelon powder containing 3 g of L-citrulline.
Dietary supplement: Watermelon
A single dose of watermelon powder containing 3g of L-citrulline
Active Comparator: Beetroot
Beetroot powder containing 8 mmol of nitrate.
Dietary supplement: Beetroot
A single dose of beetroot powder containing 8 mmol of nitrate
Active Comparator: Watermelon + beetroot
Watermelon powder containing 3 g of L-citrulline and Beetroot powder containing 8 mmol of nitrate.
Dietary supplement: Watermelon + beetroot
A single dose of watermelon and beetroot powder containing 3g of L-citrulline and 8 mmol of nitrate

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate before the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate before the nutritional intervention
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 60 minutes after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 60 minutes after the nutritional intervention
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 120 minutes after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 120 minutes after the nutritional intervention
Muscle oxygen saturation
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate before the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate before the nutritional intervention
Muscle oxygen saturation
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 30 minutes after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 30 minutes after the nutritional intervention
Muscle oxygen saturation
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 60 minutes after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 60 minutes after the nutritional intervention
Muscle oxygen saturation
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 90 minutes after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 90 minutes after the nutritional intervention
Muscle oxygen saturation
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 120 minutes after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 120 minutes after the nutritional intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Plasmatic amino acids
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate before the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate before the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic amino acids
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 30 minutes after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 30 minutes after the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic amino acids
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 60 minutes after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 60 minutes after the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic amino acids
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 90 minutes after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 90 minutes after the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic amino acids
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 120 minutes after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 120 minutes after the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic glucose
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate before the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate before the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic glucose
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 30 min after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 30 min after the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic glucose
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 60 min after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 60 min after the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic glucose
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 90 min after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 90 min after the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic glucose
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 120 min after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 120 min after the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic insulin
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate before the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate before the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic insulin
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 30 min after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 30 min after the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic insulin
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 60 min after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 60 min after the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic insulin
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 90 min after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 90 min after the nutritional intervention
Plasmatic insulin
Time Frame: This measure will be evaluate 120 min after the nutritional intervention
This measure will be evaluate 120 min after the nutritional intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Thiago Alvares, PhD, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 1, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 30, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 31, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 23, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 1, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 4, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
December 22, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 21, 2022

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
December 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • E-26/202.905/2019

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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