Effect of VR vs Screens on Children's Dental Anxiety, Pain and Behavior

November 14, 2023 updated by: Amal Salem Yousry Mahrouse, Cairo University

Comparative Evaluation of The Effect of Virtual Reality and Screen Programs on Children's Dental Anxiety, Pain and Behavior: A Randomized Cross-Over Clinical Trial

Virtual reality distraction is intended to reduce the pain experience by distracting the patient attention from the pain stimulating procedure. Then, it breaks the cycle of negative experiences by improving the dental experience. The study's aim is to compare the effect of virtual reality to the effect of screen programs on dental anxiety, pain and behavior at different time points among children undergoing dental treatment under local anesthesia. The null hypothesis assumes that virtual reality has no effect on reducing the children's pain or anxiety and there is no difference between virtual reality and screen programs in improving the children's behavior and dental experience. The study's design is a cross-over, split mouth trial in which each patient will have similar dental treatments on each side, but with different distraction techniques.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Most of dental procedures are accompanied by pain and discomfort which subsequently adversely affect the patient's cooperation and willingness to complete or undergo the procedures. This negative behavior compromises the efficiency and quality of the delivered dental treatment, to the extent that it may not be completed. Therefore, behavior management techniques have been introduced to the field of pediatric dentistry to effectively manage the child anxiety and improve the child's experience in dental office to establish a positive child-dentist relationship. The virtual reality (VR) is considered a behavior management technique as well as a distraction tool, as it modifies the child's attitude. Thus, it can be used in the dental practice to help the dentist to control the child during the treatment procedure. The study's design is a cross-over, split mouth trial in which the procedure is planned to be on three visits, as the following: baseline visit (v0) for diagnosis, examination and inclusion, first visit (v1) and second visit (v2) for treatment sessions. A follow up visit (v3) may be needed for younger patients who need space maintenance for the extraction site. allocated and randomized equally into two groups according to the intervention assigned in the first treatment session: Group I (virtual reality group) and Group II (screen program group). In both groups, children will be allowed to choose an animation or cartoon from a list pre-prepared by the investigator in order to watch a show of their own choice, to augment the effect of distraction. Both groups will be managed and operated by the same operator who is the research investigator. Treatments were completed in two separate sessions, two weeks apart as a washout period, to avoid any carry-over effect. Each patient will have two teeth extracted, one on each side, on two successive visits, with two weeks apart as a washout period. The required sample size was calculated using the IBMª SPSSª Sample Powerª version 3.0.1 (IBMª Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Subjects will be recruited from the outpatient clinic in Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public health Department. Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt. Patients will be screened by the research investigator until the target population is achieved. The outcome data and results will be independently collected from each participant by the researcher, examined, organized and analyzed under the supervision of the assistant supervisor. Any missing data will be revised and handled with the best techniques according to the type of data missed. All data will be entered and stored on a secured personal computer in coded and password locked files. Backup of data on an external hard disc in order to prevent any data loss. Results will be statistically analyzed by using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS 26.0, IBM/SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). There are two types of statistical methods Descriptive statistics and Analytical or inferential statistics. In this study, no data monitoring committee will be needed since it is a study with known minimal risks. The Main Supervisor will monitor this study. Auditing will be done by the main and co-supervisors to assure quality of the research methods, restorative technique and interventions.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
42

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

1 year to 3 years (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children between 5-7 years old age.
  • Both genders.
  • First dental visit
  • Positive and definitely positive behavior according to Frankel behavior scale.
  • Two or more badly decayed primary maxillary first molars beyond repair and need to be extracted.
  • Systemically and mentally healthy.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of systemic or mental conditions.
  • Special health care needs who require pharmacological management prior to dental treatment.
  • Acute dental pain or trauma.
  • Extremely uncooperative children who require being treated under general anesthesia, negative and definitely negative according to Frankel behavior scale

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Group I (virtual reality group)
The virtual reality device is a 3D head-mounted display which provides a wide field of view and a high-resolution visual display, the system consists of head mounted glasses, a compatible smartphone and headphones. This technology creates a computer stimulated virtual environment.
Behavioral: virtual reality device
The virtual reality device is a 3D head-mounted display which provides a wide field of view and a high-resolution visual display, it has been used to manage cases of phobia and extreme fear through the use of exposure-based treatment programs. The virtual reality system consists of head mounted glasses, a compatible smartphone and headphones. This technology creates a computer stimulated virtual environment into which the child can be entirely immersed. It works to distract the brain from the painful procedure and reduce the perception of pain stimuli
Active Comparator: Group II (screen program group).
the screens shows such as cartoons, animation movies or recorded video games are used for distraction during dental treatments. They could be seen on tablets, iPads or LCD screen.
Behavioral: screen programs
the screens are used for distraction during dental treatments. they could be on tablets, iPads or televisions.
Other Names:
  • tablets, televisions

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
RMS Pictorial Scale: A scale to assess the change in dental anxiety through the dental procedure
Time Frame: The dental anxiety is measured during same single visit. There is no follow up and no specific time duration for the visit. Pre-operative anxiety: before administration of local anesthesia and Post-operative anxiety: after dental extraction.
The scale consists of row of 5 photographs of a child showing 5 different faces ranging from happy to very unhappy. The child is asked to choose the face that looks like what they feel at the moment. The score is recorded by giving value of 1 to happy and value of 5 to very unhappy. The RMS-pictorial scale is chosen for simple and easy for the child to understand, has 2 sets of photographs for boys and for girls, which gives efficient evaluation of dental anxiety.
The dental anxiety is measured during same single visit. There is no follow up and no specific time duration for the visit. Pre-operative anxiety: before administration of local anesthesia and Post-operative anxiety: after dental extraction.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Cairo University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Amal S Abdelatty, Masters, Cairo University
  • Study Chair: Cairo University, 11 El-Saraya St. - Manial - Cairo

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 1, 2024

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 11, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 12, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
December 15, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 16, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 14, 2023

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • VR in Child Anxiety

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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