A Peer-Driven Intervention to Increase PrEP Uptake Among Minority MSM

April 27, 2026 updated by: The Miriam Hospital

Peer-driven Intervention Promoting PrEP Uptake Among African American and Hispanic/Latino MSM

The objective of this study is to develop an effective peer-driven intervention (PDI) approach and assess its feasibility and efficacy on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among men who have sex with men.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This proposed study aims to assess the effect of a peer-driven intervention (PDI) on promoting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among African American (AA) and Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). PDI is based on respondent-driven sampling (RDS) or snowball sampling. PDI is a chain referral approach and includes both peer referral and peer education. Index peers will be purposefully sampled to reflect the diversity of our study population through local clinics, community organizations, and online. Index peers will receive a four-hour formal training about PrEP and HIV, educate members of their social network, and encourage them to initiate PrEP. Each index peers will be given three referral coupons. Referred peers will schedule a research visit to complete a short survey and then be referred to the local PrEP clinic if they are interested in starting PrEP. These referred individuals will also serve as index peers for the following wave of recruitment. We expect to achieve a robust sample of AA and H/L MSM within six waves of recruitment as peers will educate and recruit study participants through their social networks.

Given the nature of RDS, the study design will include a concurrent non-randomized control group, which will be recruited using venue-based sampling (e.g. gay dance clubs, bars, and social organizations). This has been used in previous RDS studies as an appropriate study design and comparison group. We will identify appropriate venues that AA and H/L MSM frequent using one-to-one qualitative interviews in Specific Aim 1. Research staff will visit these venues at specific times to recruit AA and H/L MSM. MSM who are willing to participate in this study will receive PrEP and HIV education offered by research staff and complete a short survey during outreach. Individuals who are interested in PrEP uptake will be referred to the PrEP clinic. All study participants, regardless of PrEP status (initiated or not initiated), will be followed for six months. Each individual will complete three visits, including baseline, three-month, and six-month follow-ups.

This study has two independent arms. Our primary outcome is PrEP uptake, which is defined as a binary variable (Yes vs. No). We will calculate the study power using the method for two independent proportions power analyses. Our local STD clinic data shows only 8% of AA and H/L MSM have used PrEP and we will assume that 8% of AA and H/L MSM recruited through venue-based sampling will initiate PrEP. We expect to observe at least a 14% increase in PrEP uptake in the PDI group. To have 80% of power (Type I error =0.05), we will recruit 100 participants (N=100, 50 AA, and 50 H/L MSM) in each group.

PrEP uptake measured by receiving a prescription for the medication and filling a prescription at a pharmacy will be treated as time-to-event variables. We will perform survival analysis techniques (Kaplan-Meier models and Cox proportional hazards models) to assess the effect of the PDI on PrEP initiation. Self-reported PrEP adherence and drug concentration level (Yes vs. No) will be treated as binary variables and multivariate logistic regression will be performed.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
98

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Rhode Island
      • Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02906
        • The Miriam Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria

To be eligible for this study, participants must meet the following requirements:

Age: 18 years of age or older. Gender/Sex: Assigned male at birth and currently identify as male. Sexual Orientation/Behavior: Having sex with men in the past three months. PrEP Status: Not currently on PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis). Language: English- or Spanish-speaking.

Exclusion Criteria

Individuals meeting any of the following will be excluded:

Age: Less than 18 years of age. Sexual Behavior: No history of having sex with men in the past three months.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: PDI group
In this group, participants will receive education about HIV and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and be referred to our study by peer educators. Referred participants will have free PrEP counseling and receive referrals if interested. We will follow up at three and six months and check participants' PrEP status.
Behavioral: Peer-driven intervention
This peer-driven intervention (PDI), modified based on respondent-driven sampling (RDS) or snowball sampling, is a "chain referral" approach. Index peers will be purposefully selected to reflect the diversity of African American (AA) and Hispanic/Latino (H/L) men who have sex with men (MSM) and are required to take a formal training about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and HIV. These index peers will educate members of their social networks and encourage them to initiate PrEP. Those referred peers will schedule an appointment to complete a short survey and will be referred to our PrEP clinic if they are interested in PrEP uptake. The referred peers will serve as index peers for the following wave of recruitment. It is expected to achieve a robust sample of AA and H/L within six waves of recruitment. This PDI approach is potential to engage AA and H/L who are most at risk of HIV acquisition in PrEP uptake and could contribute to reducing the concentrated HIV epidemic.
No Intervention: Control group
In the control group, participants do not receive any education from peers and will be directly recruited by research assistants from venues (e.g. gay bars, LGBTQ communities, LGBTQ events, and social media advertisements). Participants will receive PrEP counseling and referral if interested. We will follow up at three and six months and check participants' PrEP status.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Uptake
Time Frame: 0-6 months
Participant self-report of having initiated PrEP medication at any point between the baseline visit and the 6-month follow-up. Data represent the number of participants who provided a 'Yes' response to the assessment question: 'Have you started taking PrEP since your last visit?
0-6 months
Number of Participants With PrEP Persistence
Time Frame: 0-6 months
The number of participants who remained on PrEP medication without a gap of more than 30 days throughout the 6-month study period, as reported during follow-up interviews.
0-6 months
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Adherence
Time Frame: 30 days prior to 6-month follow-up visit
Participant adherence to the prescribed PrEP regimen over the 30 days prior to the 6-month follow-up visit, measured via self-report. Adherence was calculated based on the frequency of doses taken per week. Participants were considered adherent if they reported taking at least 4 pills per week, which is the threshold associated with high levels of protection against HIV acquisition.
30 days prior to 6-month follow-up visit

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
The Miriam Hospital

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Jun Tao, The Miriam Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 1, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 23, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 23, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 26, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 3, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
December 17, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 19, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 27, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 1594759
  • 1K01MH119960-01A1 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

We do not plan to share individual participant data due to confidentiality considerations and the sensitive nature of behavioral and HIV-related information collected.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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