Benefits of Online Mahjong by Older Adults

April 16, 2023 updated by: National Yang Ming University

Randomized Trial of Online Mahjong Intervention to Promote Cognitive Function and Health Status in Community-dwelling Middle Aged and Older Adults.

This study aims to examine the clinical efficacy of online Mahjong in improving physical health, cognitive performance, happiness, laboratory biomarkers, and structural brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) by a randomized controlled trial design, and hopefully to expand the scope of healthy aging intervention activities with strong scientific evidence.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Psychomotor function among older adult's decline was associated with reducing people interaction during pandemic has been reported. The research focused on examining the benefit and efficacy of digital based Mahjong games with 6-month intervention is very limited or none. A random control design was conducted with comparing intervention group and with control group, followed the CONSORT guidelines. Six months program was intervened to ensure the impact of the intervention. Primary outcome is brain imagery changes between groups, which showed changes in temporal fusiform cortex but not in resting-state fMRI. The total score of MoCA, delayed recall was increase from baseline to after intervention in experimental group. Overall cognitive function and visuospatial/executive, in experimental group improved more than control group. Improving self-rating daily health status as associated with achievement rate of Mahjong game. Increasing level of resilience was associated with demoralization level, subtraction of cognitive function, and 5th month walking steps. In addition, affecting incased self -rate overall heath was related to demoralization. In short, online mahjong intervention has positive impact on older adults in cognitive function , resilience, demoralization and overall quality of life.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Taiwan
      • Taipei, Taiwan, 112
        • Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age ≥ 55 years old.
  2. More than 6 years of formal education.
  3. Can communicate in Mandarin and Taiwanese.
  4. Can accept MRI examination without claustrophobia.
  5. Can understand the research process, meet the requirements of the research, and can sign the consent form and participate in the subject.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Have engaged in any Mahjong games in the past three months.
  2. Engaged in Mahjong games more than three times per year in the past three years.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
No Intervention: observation with no intervention group
The control group only performed routine data collection; the research assistant asked the subjects about their usual activities by telephone every month to understand their physical activity in this half of the year.
Experimental: Mahjong group
The experimental group intervened a Bonus Winner Mahjong developed by Bonus Winner Online Entertainment Co., Ltd. The participants in experimental group played three times a week, each time requiring at least lasting 30 minutes, for half of a year.
Device: Bonus Winner Mahjong
Bonus Winner Mahjong developed by Bonus Winner Online Entertainment Co., Ltd. The participants in experimental group played three times a week, each time requiring at least lasting 30 minutes, for half of a year.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in MRI study from baseline to 6 months in the intervention group.
Time Frame: baseline and 6 months
Change in MRI study from baseline to 6 months in the intervention group.
baseline and 6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Time Frame: baseline and 6 months
Cognitive function measure by MoCA , which comprise a 30-question test.Score range: 0-30, and a score of 26 and higher is considered normal.
baseline and 6 months
EuroQol instrument (EQ-5D)
Time Frame: baseline and 6 months
Quality of life measure by EQ-5D, which include five questions on mobility, self care, pain, usual activities, and psychological status. Score range: There are three level of the answers for each question, the maximum score of 1 refers to the best condition without problem, and higher scores refers more severe of the issue. Moreover, the visual analogue scale (VAS) which from 0-100, higher score indicating better health status.
baseline and 6 months
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
Time Frame: baseline and 6 months
Physical activity measured by IPAQ, indicates that spent being physically active within the prior 7 days. Score range: There are no established thresholds for presenting MET-minutes, the IPAQ Research Committee proposes that reported as comparisons of median values and interquartile ranges for different populations.
baseline and 6 months
Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)
Time Frame: baseline and 6 months
Resilience measured by BRS to assess ability to bounce back or recover from stress and adversity. Score range: 6-30, and higher scores refers to higher level of resilience.
baseline and 6 months
Demoralization Scale-Mandarin Version (DS-MV)
Time Frame: baseline and 6 months
Demoralization measure by DS-MV, comprised 24 items and each rated on a five-point Likert scale.Score range: 0-96, and cut-off point score ≥30 was considered to identified demoralization.
baseline and 6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
National Yang Ming University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Liang-Kung Chen, PhD, Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences,National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 28, 2020

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 1, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 20, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 29, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 29, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 11, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 19, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 16, 2023

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • YM108123F_M

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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