Developing E-liquid Product Standards (Sweet Spot Study)

March 21, 2025 updated by: Theodore Wagener, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

Nicotine Concentration and Forms: Differential Appeal to Smokers Versus Non-Smokers

The Sweet Spot Study aims to evaluate the effect of e-liquids with nicotine varying in freebase (FB) levels and concentrations on the appeal of electronic cigarettes (ECs) in young adult EC users with minimal/no history of smoking and older adult smokers.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
150

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Ohio
      • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
        • Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion criteria:

  1. Young adult e-cigarette user or older adult smoker
  2. Willing to abstain from all nicotine product use for 12 hours prior to the study visit
  3. Read and speak English

Exclusion criteria:

  1. Currently attempting to quit nicotine products
  2. Currently pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding
  3. Current or past use of tobacco products other than e-cigarettes or cigarettes
  4. Self-reported diagnosis of lung disease
  5. Self-reported new or unstable cardiovascular disease

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Young adult EC users
Young Adult EC users
Behavioral: Vaping study EC A
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC B
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC C
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC D
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC E
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC F
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC G
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC H
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC I
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC J
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Active Comparator: Older adult smokers
Adult smokers
Behavioral: Vaping study EC A
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC B
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC C
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC D
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC E
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC F
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC G
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC H
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC I
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device
Behavioral: Vaping study EC J
Vaping two puffs using the study EC device

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Behavioral Intentions for Continued Use
Time Frame: The outcome measure was assessed immediately after each vaping session. During each vaping session, participants took two puffs of each of the 10 study conditions within a single study visit lasting up to 3 hours.
Self-report measure on a 7-point scale completed following e-cigarette self-administration. Ratings range from1 (extremely unlikely) to 7 (extremely likely) with higher scores indicating a higher likelihood of continuing to use the product.
The outcome measure was assessed immediately after each vaping session. During each vaping session, participants took two puffs of each of the 10 study conditions within a single study visit lasting up to 3 hours.
Intensity of Sensory Attributes
Time Frame: The outcome measure was assessed immediately after each vaping session. During each vaping session, participants took two puffs of each of the 10 study conditions within a single study visit lasting up to 3 hours.
5-item self-report measure completed following e-cigarette self-administration, using the general Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS). Scores range from 0 (no sensation) to 100 (strongest imaginable) with higher scores indicating a greater sensation intensity.
The outcome measure was assessed immediately after each vaping session. During each vaping session, participants took two puffs of each of the 10 study conditions within a single study visit lasting up to 3 hours.
Degree of Liking or Disliking of Sensations
Time Frame: The outcome measure was assessed immediately after each vaping session. During each vaping session, participants took two puffs of each of the 10 study conditions within a single study visit lasting up to 3 hours.
Self-report measure completed following e-cigarette self-administration, using the Labeled Hedonic Scale (LHS). Scores range from -100 (most disliked imaginable) to 100 (most liked imaginable) with higher scores indicating a greater degree of liking.
The outcome measure was assessed immediately after each vaping session. During each vaping session, participants took two puffs of each of the 10 study conditions within a single study visit lasting up to 3 hours.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Subjective Appeal
Time Frame: The outcome measure was assessed immediately after each vaping session. During each vaping session, participants took two puffs of each of the 10 study conditions within a single study visit lasting up to 3 hours.
12-item modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ) completed following e-cigarette self-administration to assess subjective responses to the e-cigarettes. The 12-item mCEQ includes five subscales: Smoking Satisfaction, Psychological Reward, Aversion, Enjoyment of Respiratory Tract Sensations, and Craving Reduction, with items rated from 1 (not at all) to 7 (extremely likely). Scores for each subscale are calculated as the mean of the individual item responses or the single item. Higher scores indicate greater intensity on that scale.
The outcome measure was assessed immediately after each vaping session. During each vaping session, participants took two puffs of each of the 10 study conditions within a single study visit lasting up to 3 hours.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Theodore L Wagener, PhD, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 30, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 26, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
February 26, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 9, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 9, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 18, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 10, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 21, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • OSU-22253
  • NCI-2023-03206 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program))

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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