Gamification in the University Classroom.

March 2, 2024 updated by: Agustín Aibar Almazán, University of Jaén

Gamification in the Classroom: Kahoot as a Tool for University Teaching Innovation.

This article aims to demonstrate the results of a study on the implementation of Kahoot as a gamification tool in university education. The objectives of this article are: to promote teaching by integrating the use of Kahoot to motivate students and increase their degree of interest and know the students' abilities. opinions on the implementation of this Gamification tool to teach grammar. The study uses a quasi-experimental research design over a four-month period observing variables such as attention, concentration and creativity, as well as social and personal skills.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
74

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Spain
      • Jaén, Spain, 23007
        • Agustín Aibar Almazán

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • University participants who were enrolled in the second year of the Physiotherapy Degree at the University of Jaén will be included.
  • Study Period: Those participants who were available and participated in the study from September to December 2022 were considered.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • University students who did not provide informed consent according to the study's ethical guidelines.
  • Enrolled in at least one subject from another academic year.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Intervention Group
Students will be required to log in with a Pin number using a nickname that allows them to remain anonymous. Questions will be displayed on a large screen with four graphic shapes along with a countdown timer, and students will respond using their internet-enabled digital device. Students will choose, from four options, the possible answer by selecting the graphical shape, which they believe is correct, and will receive instant feedback accordingly. After each question, the game will rank players based on their speed and accuracy. The system will award a higher score to the student who enters the correct answer first. At the end of the quiz, the names of the top five players will be displayed on the leaderboard. The results can then be downloaded to highlight problematic questions and identify students who may be struggling.
Other: Kahoot!™ Group
The theoretical concepts of each subject were taught over a period of four months, with a total duration of 30 hours. Of the total theoretical concepts of the subject, 50% were randomly selected to receive reinforcement through Kahoot! Each of the theoretical concepts chosen at random was consolidated through a Kahoot! questionnaire. which consisted of 15 questions, with three answer options. This questionnaire was administered at the end of the theoretical explanation of each section, with the objective of strengthening the learning of the contents just presented. After students answered each question in Kahoot!, the teacher clarified any questions related to that question and provided explanations as to why one answer was correct and the other two were incorrect. This process offered immediate feedback to students.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
D2 test
Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks
Evaluates selective attention and concentration in the school context. The participant's task is to check carefully, starting from left to right, what is written on each line and must mark all the letters that have two small lines (two below, two above or one below and one above) with a "d". ". These elements are considered relevant. The other combinations (the "d" and the "p", with and without dashes) are considered irrelevant and should not be marked. The participant has 20 s for each line. This test has shown excellent reliability, with ranges between 0.90 and 0.97 for both Cronbach's α and the test-retest, and has also shown convergent and divergent validity.
Up to twelve weeks
Creative intelligence test (CREA)
Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks
Evaluates creative intelligence by asking questions about an image. The participant, without opening the image, fills in spaces with provided data. Then the image is shown, and the task is to ask as many questions as possible. Questions are evaluated according to specific guidelines, scoring positively appropriate questions and penalizing decontextualized ones. Additional points are awarded for compound questions. The final score is calculated considering the number of questions, omissions, canceled answers and extra points. A high score (75-99 points) indicates excellent creative abilities, medium (26-74 points) indicates a moderate level of creativity, and low (1-25 points) suggests limited creative ability.
Up to twelve weeks
The ability subscale of the SEQ developed by Kember & Leung
Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks
Will be used to collect data on students' reflections on the development of their generic abilities. It consists of 16 items that measure eight aspects of ability: critical thinking (2 items), creative thinking (2 items), self-managed learning (2 items), adaptability (2 items), problem solving (2 items), communication skills . (2 items), interpersonal skills and group work (2 items) and computer knowledge (2 items). Responses were recorded on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 5 ("strongly agree") to 1 ("strongly disagree"). The questionnaire also contains two open-ended questions to gather feedback on the best aspect and the one that needs improvement the most. In this study, the reliability of the ability subscale was high, with Cronbach's alphas of 0.86 and 0.92.
Up to twelve weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Jaén

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 4, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 11, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 22, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 15, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 15, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 22, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 5, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 2, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • -UJA

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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