Incremental and Decremental PEEP Titration by Diverse Strategies in Subjects With ARDS: A Prospective Physiological Study (ARDS，PEEP)

August 21, 2026 updated by: Zhou Yongfang, West China Hospital

Research on Precision Individualized Mechanical Ventilation Strategies for ARDS Guided by Electrical Impedance Tomography Monitoring and Evaluation of the Differences in Ventilation and Perfusion Distribution

The investigators conducted a prospective physiological observation study on ARDS population, described their physiological and EIT indexes with various PEEP titration methods, and also compared and analyzed those indexes to determine whether there were differences among various PEEP titration methods.The objective of this study was to explore and uncover the physiological differences in response to optimal PEEP in different ways，and analyzed the correlation of the optimal PEEP in these different ways.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
31

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • China
    • Sichuan
      • Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041
        • West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

ntubated and mechanical ventilated patients over 18 years with moderate-severe ARDS (PaO2 /FIO2 ,200 mm Hg) admitted to the ICU within 48 hours were enrolled from October 2022 to July 2024.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Intubated and mechanical ventilated patients in ICU within 48 hours
  • Be over 18 years old
  • With moderate-severe ARDS (PaO2 /FIO2 ,200 mm Hg)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
  • Pulmonary bulla(>1CM) or pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum or subcutaneous emphysema
  • Pregnancy
  • BMI≥35kg/m2
  • Suspected pulmonary vascular hemorrhage
  • Disturbance of consciousness or intracranial hypertension
  • Severe cardiac dysfunction (New York Heart Association Class III or IV, acute -Coronary syndrome or persistent ventricular tachyarrhythmia), cardiogenic shock or after major cardiac surgery
  • Hemodynamic instability (i.e., mean arterial pressure [MAP]<60 mm Hg despite vasopressor use
  • The medical team considering short periods of high pressure to be unsafe
  • Contraindications for placement of esophageal pressure catheters (e.g., esophageal varix or fracture of skull base)
  • Contraindications for EIT monitoring (including pacemaker, or cutaneous diseases which limiting electrode placement)
  • Agonal stage or end-stages of diseases

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
the selected PEEP values
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year

1. Method-specific selected PEEP values

  • Description: The principal endpoint was the set of 15 method-specific selected PEEP values determined for each patient.
  • Unit of Measure: cmH₂O
through study completion, an average of 1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
SpO2/FiO2 at each selected PEEP
Time Frame: baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
SpO2/FiO2 measured at each selected PEEP. This study will separately measure peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂, unit: %) and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂, unit: %). Because both measurements share the same unit (%), they will not be reported as separate outcome measures. Instead, they will be aggregated into a single reported value: the SpO₂/FiO₂ ratio (dimensionless). At each selected positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level, the ratio will be calculated as S/F = SpO₂ (%) ÷ FiO₂ (%), and this ratio will be recorded as the final outcome measure.
baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
respiratory system compliance value at each selected PEEP
Time Frame: baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
This study will directly record the respiratory system compliance value as measured and displayed by the ventilator (unit: mL/cmH₂O) at each selected PEEP.
baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
plateau pressure at each selected PEEP
Time Frame: baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
At each selected positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level, plateau pressure will be directly recorded from the ventilator after performing an inspiratory hold maneuver. This value is displayed by the ventilator in cmH₂O
baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
Driving Pressure at each selected PEEP
Time Frame: baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
At each selected positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level, plateau pressure (Pplat, unit: cmH₂O) will be measured via the ventilator, and the corresponding PEEP value (unit: cmH₂O) will be recorded. Driving pressure (ΔP) is calculated as the difference between the two: ΔP = Pplat - PEEP (unit: cmH₂O).
baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
End-inspiratory Transpulmonary Pressure (PTPi) at each selected PEEP
Time Frame: baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
After placement of an esophageal pressure catheter, the ventilator will monitor esophageal pressure (Pes) and airway pressure. At each selected positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level, an end-inspiratory hold maneuver will be performed. The end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure (PTPi) is calculated as the difference between the airway plateau pressure (Pplat) measured during the hold and the corresponding esophageal pressure (Pes): PTPi = Pplat - Pes (unit: cmH₂O).
baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
End-expiratory Transpulmonary Pressure (PTPe) at each selected PEEP
Time Frame: baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
After placement of an esophageal pressure catheter, the ventilator will monitor esophageal pressure (Pes) and airway pressure. At each selected positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level, an end-expiratory hold maneuver will be performed. The end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure (PTPe) is calculated as the difference between the PEEP measured during the hold and the corresponding esophageal pressure (Pes): PTPe = PEEP - Pes (unit: cmH₂O). This calculated value is the single reported outcome measure
baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
transpulmonary driving pressure at each selected PEEP
Time Frame: baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
After placement of an esophageal pressure catheter, the ventilator will monitor transpulmonary pressures. At each selected PEEP level, end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure (PTPi) and end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure (PTPe) are obtained during inspiratory and expiratory hold maneuvers, respectively. Both are measured in cmH₂O. Transpulmonary driving pressure is calculated as the difference: ΔPtp = PTPi - PTPe (unit: cmH₂O).
baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
EIT-derived Regional Ventilation Parameters at each selected PEEP level
Time Frame: baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
Using electrical impedance tomography (EIT), the lung is divided into four regions of interest (ROI I to ROI IV) from ventral to dorsal. For each ROI, the percentage of tidal impedance variation relative to total tidal impedance variation is recorded (% of total). unit: cmH₂O
baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
the center of ventilation (COV) at each selected PEEP level
Time Frame: baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
the center of ventilation (COV) is calculated as the position of the ventilation center along the ventral-dorsal axis, expressed as a percentage (0% = ventral, 100% = dorsal). this parameter is measured in %
baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
CL HP% (overdistension region) at each selected PEEP level
Time Frame: baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
Using electrical impedance tomography (EIT)，based on regional compliance analysis，CL HP% represent the percentage of lung regions showing a decrease in compliance at high PEEP due to overdistension (unit: %).
baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
CL LP% (collapse region) at selected PEEP
Time Frame: baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process
Using electrical impedance tomography (EIT)，based on regional compliance analysis，CL LP% represent the percentage of lung regions showing a decrease in compliance at low PEEP due to collapse (unit: %).
baseline, within 5 minutes after the PV-tool measurement, and within 5 minutes after each increment and decrement of PEEP during the PEEP adjustment process

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
West China Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 10, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 28, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 28, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
December 5, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 29, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 5, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 26, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 21, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • PEEP Titration
  • 2024YFFK0329 (Other Grant/Funding Number: Sichuan Science and Technology Program)
  • 2024ZD0530000 (Other Grant/Funding Number: Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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