Tonus, Stiffness and Elasticity of Hand and Wrist Muscles in Smartphone Addiction

February 12, 2025 updated by: Hazel Çelik Güzel, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University

Investigation of Tonus, Stiffness and Elasticity of Hand and Wrist Muscles in Intensive Smartphone Use

The aim of this study was to investigate the tonus, stiffness and elasticity of the hand and wrist muscles in intensive smartphone use.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Consent was obtained from the students with the 'Informed Voluntary Consent Form' and the sociodemographic data of the students were recorded on the previously prepared Descriptive Data Form. The students were asked to fill out the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form. Before starting the clinical evaluation, anamnesis was taken from the students and their general health status, phone usage time (minutes) and exclusion criteria were questioned. Myotone evaluations of the tenar region, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles were performed. Then, the standard grip strength of the dominant and non-dominant side hand was evaluated with Saehan hand dynamometer and the lateral grip strength of the thumb was evaluated with Saehan pinchmeter.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
56

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Balikesir, Turkey, 10200
        • Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

University students

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • To study at Bandirma Onyedi Eylül University
  • Students between the ages of 18-30 years, whose voluntary consent was obtained and who use smartphones

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals with musculoskeletal system problems such as fractures of the hand, fingers and upper extremities, rheumatoid disease with evidence of systemic, specific pathological conditions
  • Individuals who have undergone any surgical operation related to hand, finger and upper extremity problems
  • Individuals who have received hand, finger and upper extremity related physiotherapy and rehabilitation services in less than 6 months
  • Individuals with diagnosed psychiatric illness.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form
Time Frame: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form: In our study, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form will be filled out in order to evaluate the intensity of smartphone use of students, and the daily duration of smartphone use will be recorded. The scale is a 6-point Likert-type scale consisting of 10 items used to measure the risk of smartphone addiction. Scores obtained from the scale vary between 10-60 and an increase in the score indicates an increased risk for smartphone addiction. The cut-off score of the scale was determined as 31 for men and 33 for women. In the Turkish validity and reliability study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.86.
May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Hand grip strength assessment
Time Frame: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Hand grip strength was measured with 'Saehan Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer'. Participants were informed about the correct holding position and use of the instrument. In the measured arm, the position of 90̊ flexion from the elbow joint and completely adjacent to the body was used. The participant's hand was placed in the second grip position of the dynamometer and asked to make the strongest grip he/she could make, right and left measurements were taken.
May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Finger lateral grip strength assessment
Time Frame: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Finger lateral grip strength was measured with 'Saehan Hydraulic pinch gauge'. Participants were informed about the correct holding position and use of the instrument. While the participant was sitting on a chair with arms supported, the shoulder was adjacent to the trunk and neutral, the elbow joint was in 90 ̊ flexion, the forearm was neutral, the wrist was in 0-30 ̊ extension and 0-15 ̊ ulnar deviation. Right and left finger lateral grip measurements were taken.
May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Myoton assessment
Time Frame: May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025
Myoton PRO device was used to objectively evaluate the biomechanical properties of the hand and wrist muscles such as tone, stiffness and elasticity. Tenar region, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles were evaluated bilaterally. Three measurements were recorded at one second intervals and the mean value was used for analysis.
May 1, 2024- January 1, 2025

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 1, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 8, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 12, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 12, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2024-114

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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