The Effect of Team-Based Learning on Nursing Students' Skill Acquisition in Fundamental Nursing Education

February 10, 2025 updated by: Gamze Bolattürk, Suleyman Demirel University

The Effect of Team-Based Learning on Nursing Students' Skill Acquisition in Fundamental Nursing Education: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Nursing education is a practical education where theoretical knowledge is combined with laboratory and clinical skills. Skill practices that students should gain during nursing education constitute one of the most important components of the nursing profession. New methods are gaining popularity due to the fact that traditional learning methods do not attract the attention of today's student profile and cannot meet the needs at the desired level. This situation has led to the emergence and spread of active teaching and learning methods, including the cooperative learning approach. Since the learner is directly involved in the learning process in cooperative learning, active participation contributes to the development of the student in many ways. Team-Based Learning (TBL), one of the cooperative teaching methods, is a teaching method that encourages students to think critically and solve clinical problems not only individually but also as a team, and also develops problem solving, effective teamwork and communication skills. TBL is an interactive teaching strategy designed to increase student engagement. Introduced in higher education in the late 1970s, this method is based on constructive learning theory, in which students develop new personal and mental frameworks based on their prior knowledge. TBL is a method that encourages the development of student competencies, including self-directed learning, critical thinking, analysis and application, as well as team collaboration and interpersonal skills. TBL is a teaching strategy planned to be implemented in multiple stages. TBL begins with students' pre-lesson preparation, students apply preparation assurance tests individually and as a team, and the method ends with the evaluation and application of course concepts by the instructor. It is thought that the use of the TBL method in nursing education will contribute to the development of important clinical skills by using clinical experience, knowledge, and problem-solving skills. In the literature, it has been reported that TBL is an effective teaching strategy in improving problem-solving ability, knowledge and clinical performance, that it promotes learning and contributes significantly to the academic performance of students. One of the important factors that should be evaluated regarding the clinical competence of nursing students is their academic success level. Academic success can be measured by different methods including problem-solving skills, clinical competence, general grade point average and skill assessment exams (OSCE). OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) is among the methods used to evaluate the academic success of nursing students. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TBL on the academic success of students in skills training.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
126

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Isparta, Turkey
        • Suleyman Demirel University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • first time learning nursing care skills
  • volunteering to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • not attending class and being absent
  • not wanting to participate in research

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Team Based Learning
The experimental group students were first administered iRAT. After iRAT, the students were divided into groups and formed teams and worked together for approximately 30 minutes to critique the same skill and then repeated it. Then, tRAT, which included the same questions as iRAT questions and lasted 10 minutes, was administered. In the tRAT application, students held group discussions to reach a consensus on the answers to the MCQs. When the students in the team found a suitable answer different from the answer they had chosen, they discussed the question again until they agreed on a new answer. After the tRAT was completed, the instructor discussed the correct answers to the questions with all groups and shared the group scores.
Other: Team based learning
The intervention planned within the scope of the research is a team-based learning method. Students in the intervention group taking the nursing fundamentals course will be formed into small groups in the nursing skills laboratory. The groups will remain the same throughout the six modules. First, students will be asked to solve the iRAT multiple-choice question set prepared on the relevant module skill. Then, students will be provided with the skill repetition in the determined groups. Then, they will be asked to discuss until they reach a consensus as a group and solve the tRAT, which includes the same multiple-choice question set as the iRAT.
No Intervention: Control Group
Control group students individually practiced the relevant nursing skills on models in the laboratory during the lesson.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Individual Readiness Assurance Test (iRAT)
Time Frame: At the end of the 45 minute lesson
Individual Readiness Assurance Test (iRAT) is the first step in which students are asked to solve a prepared list of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) individually. The experimental group students were first given iRAT, which lasted 10 minutes. After the iRAT application, the students were not given the answers to the questions.
At the end of the 45 minute lesson

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Team Readiness Assurance Test (tRAT)
Time Frame: 45 minutes after iRAT
After the Individual Readiness Assurance Test (iRAT), students are distributed into small teams and solve the same set of MCQs again through group discussion until a consensus is reached, representing the Team Readiness Assurance Test (tRAT). After the iRAT, students took a 15-minute break. After the break, students were divided into teams and worked together for about 30 minutes to critique and revise the same skill. Then, tRAT, which included the same questions as the iRAT questions and lasted for 10 minutes, was administered. In the tRAT application, students conducted group discussions to reach a consensus on the answers to the MCQs. When students in the team found a suitable answer different from the answer they had chosen, they discussed the question again until they agreed on a new answer. After the tRAT was completed, the instructor discussed the correct answers to the questions with all the groups and shared the group scores.
45 minutes after iRAT
OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination)
Time Frame: 8 weeks after starting the study
OSCE is a station-based, reliable and impartial assessment tool in which students demonstrate specific skills in a simulated environment over a period of time. In the study, checklists of drug administration, injection administration, hygiene administration, respiratory administration, movement administration and nutrition administration skills in six modules were used to assess the skill levels of students. The lowest score that can be obtained from the skill checklists is "0" and the highest score is "100".
8 weeks after starting the study

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Suleyman Demirel University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Doctor Research Assistant, Suleyman Demirel University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 10, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 10, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 10, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 1, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 10, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 10, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Gamze Bolattürk

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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