Investigation of the Effects of Functional Inspiratory Muscle Training Applied With Tele-Rehabilitation on Respiratory and Functional Parameters and Quality of Life in Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Randomized Controlled Study

September 8, 2025 updated by: Busra Turgut, Izmir Katip Celebi University
Dushenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is characterized by the deficiency of dystrophin protein, prevents the muscle from maintaining its normal activity, causing progressive damage to the heart, respiratory muscles and skeletal muscles. When studies on patients with DMD are examined in the literature, very few studies are found investigating the effectiveness of pure respiratory muscle training, while no studies are found investigating the effectiveness of functional respiratory muscle training.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
40

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Konak
      • Izmir, Konak, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Tepecik Training and Research Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Being between the ages of 5-17
  2. Ambulate
  3. Having a diagnosis of DMD based on the presence of clinical symptoms, genetic testing or muscle biopsy results
  4. Having the ability to perform respiratory function tests
  5. Being able to cooperate with the physiotherapist

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Having severe upper extremity contracture or serious systemic disease that would prevent our evaluation
  2. Having a respiratory tract infection in the last 3 months
  3. Having had an injury or surgery on both upper extremities in the last 6 months

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: İntervetion Group 1
IMT will be performed.
Other: Respiratory Muscle Training
Respiratory Muscle Training with Telerehabilitation
Experimental: İntervetion group 2
Functional IMT will be performed.
Other: Respiratory Muscle Training
Respiratory Muscle Training with Telerehabilitation
No Intervention: Control Group
Routine treatment will continue.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Respiratory Muscle Strenght Test
Time Frame: eight week
Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) measurements were used to assess respiratory muscles. MIP and MEP represent the intraoral pressures measured under closed airway conditions during maximal inspiration and expiration, respectively. In this study, these measurements were performed using an intraoral pressure measurement device (Pony FX, COSMED Inc., Rome, Italy) to determine respiratory muscle strength. During the test, for MIP measurement, participants were instructed to perform a maximal inspiration for 1-3 seconds following a maximal expiration while the airway was occluded with a valve. For MEP measurement, after a maximal inspiration, the airway was occluded and participants were asked to perform a maximal expiration for 1-3 seconds. Among the three trials conducted for each parameter, the highest value was recorded.
eight week
Respiratory Function Test
Time Frame: eight week
The measurements were performed using a portable spirometer. In the spirometric assessment, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), the FEV₁/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) parameters were examined, and these values were recorded as percentages of the predicted values according to age, height, body weight, and sex.
eight week

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale
Time Frame: eight weeks
This scale is a categorical instrument scored from 0 to 4 that assesses the level of breathlessness experienced by patients during daily life activities. Participants responded by selecting one of the five statements that best reflected the severity of their dyspnea.
eight weeks
Six-Minute Walk Test
Time Frame: eight weeks
The six-minute walk test, frequently used to evaluate physical functional capacity and endurance in neuromuscular diseases, is a submaximal test that measures the walking distance covered by patients over six minutes on a hard surface within a 30-meter corridor. Participants were instructed to walk at their own pace, with rest permitted during the six-minute period, and the total distance walked was recorded in meters.
eight weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Brooke Scale
Time Frame: Baseline
Upper extremity functions were scored on a scale ranging from 1 (able to abduct arms in a full circle) to 6 (no functional use of the hands).
Baseline
Vignos Scale
Time Frame: Baseline
This scale was developed to classify lower extremity functions. Lower extremity functions were scored from 1 (able to walk and climb stairs without assistance) to 10 (confined to bed).
Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Izmir Katip Celebi University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 1, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
May 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 4, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 8, 2025

First Posted (Estimated)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 15, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 15, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 8, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 0451

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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