The Effect of Chronic Breathing Exercises on Pulmonary Functions: A Study on Combined Aerobic Exercise and Synchronized Breathing Exercises

November 21, 2025 updated by: Ahmet KURTOĞLU, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University

Experimental and Quantitative Research Method

In this respect, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of synchronous breathing exercise and aerobic exercise on pulmonary functions. In the study, three groups including a control group (CG), an aerobic exercise group (AE), and both breathing and aerobic exercise (AE+SB) were compared and analyzed. In the study, the accuracy of the following hypotheses was tried to be investigated. H1a "Synchronous breathing exercise has an impact on respiratory function." H1b "Aerobic exercises have an impact on respiratory function." H1c "Synchronized breathing exercises combined with aerobic exercises have a greater impact on respiratory function."

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
45

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Bandırma
      • Balıkesir, Bandırma, Turkey (Türkiye), 102200
        • Sport Science Faculty Multiple Aimed Sport Hall
      • Balıkesir, Bandırma, Turkey (Türkiye), 10200
        • Bandirma Onyedi Eylül University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • healthy university students
  • aged 18-25 years,
  • sedentary lifestyle (150 min/week of physical activity)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • history of cardiopulmonary disease,
  • smoking,
  • alcohol use,
  • current infection,
  • chronic medication use,
  • recent hospitalization due to pulmonary conditions.
  • involved in competitive sports.

Exclusion Criteria

- Participants not adhering to training sessions or instructions were also excluded.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: control group
Other: aerobic exercise with synchronized breathing group
This study was ethically approved by the Bandirma Onyedi Eylül University Rectorate Health Sciences Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee with the meeting decision numbered 2024-1 on 16.01.2024. Within the scope of the study, all participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the reason for the study, and its contribution to the literature. The participants were informed that this study would be conducted on a completely voluntary basis and that they could withdraw from the study at any time. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles set out in the Declaration of Helsinki. In this study, an experimental and quantitative research method including pre-test and post-test measurements will be used and the chronic effect of 8-week breathing exercises on pulmonary functions, heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2) level will be examined. Participants' pulmonary function and resting heart rate will be measured
Experimental: aerobic exercise group
Other: aerobic exercise with synchronized breathing group
This study was ethically approved by the Bandirma Onyedi Eylül University Rectorate Health Sciences Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee with the meeting decision numbered 2024-1 on 16.01.2024. Within the scope of the study, all participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the reason for the study, and its contribution to the literature. The participants were informed that this study would be conducted on a completely voluntary basis and that they could withdraw from the study at any time. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles set out in the Declaration of Helsinki. In this study, an experimental and quantitative research method including pre-test and post-test measurements will be used and the chronic effect of 8-week breathing exercises on pulmonary functions, heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2) level will be examined. Participants' pulmonary function and resting heart rate will be measured
Experimental: aerobic exercise with synchronized breathing group
Other: aerobic exercise with synchronized breathing group
This study was ethically approved by the Bandirma Onyedi Eylül University Rectorate Health Sciences Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee with the meeting decision numbered 2024-1 on 16.01.2024. Within the scope of the study, all participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the reason for the study, and its contribution to the literature. The participants were informed that this study would be conducted on a completely voluntary basis and that they could withdraw from the study at any time. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles set out in the Declaration of Helsinki. In this study, an experimental and quantitative research method including pre-test and post-test measurements will be used and the chronic effect of 8-week breathing exercises on pulmonary functions, heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2) level will be examined. Participants' pulmonary function and resting heart rate will be measured

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Pre_Pulmonary Function Test
Time Frame: 8 weeks
8 weeks
Post_Pulmonary Function Test
Time Frame: 8 weeks
8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 1, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 14, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 14, 2025

First Posted (Estimated)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 18, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 26, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 21, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2024-1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Participants have only been given permission for their data to be used within the scope of this research.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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