Opioid Adherence and Support Through Innovative Texting Strategies (OASIS)

January 15, 2026 updated by: University of New Mexico

Integrating Mindfulness and mHealth Approaches for Treating Opioid Use Disorder

The goal of this clinical trial is to examine the effects of reminder and mindfulness text messages on medication adherence and managing craving, pain, and withdrawal symptoms in people taking medications for opioid use disorder through assessment questions collected twice daily during the course of treatment. The main questions it aims to answer are:

  1. Do daily medication reminder text messages increase medication adherence for people taking medications for opioid use disorder?
  2. To what extent do people engage with the daily mindfulness messages?
  3. What impact does daily mindfulness text message quantity have on craving, pain, forgetfulness, and withdrawal symptoms?

Participants will:

  1. Receive daily medication reminder text messages for at least 24 weeks (i.e., 6 months)
  2. Receive up to 6 mindfulness messages per day for 4 weeks (i.e., 1 month)
  3. Answer daily questions twice a day during the 4 weeks of mindfulness messages
  4. Answer questions about the study when enrolling, at the end of the 4 weeks of mindfulness messages, and at 4 and 16 weeks after the end of the mindfulness messages

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study will examine the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of mindfulness text messages in increasing adherence to medications for opioid use disorder and in helping people manage pain, craving, and withdrawal symptoms. The study sends up to six daily mindfulness text messages for 4 weeks as well as daily medication reminder text messages for at least 24 weeks. The study uses a micro-randomized trial design and participants are randomized each day to receive a random number of mindfulness messages (range: 0 to 6). The investigators will compare self-reported daily medication adherence to typical rates reported in the literature. Additionally, the study will examine the impact of text message quantity on primary constructs of interest (craving, pain/pain interference, withdrawal symptoms). Secondary constructs of interest collected during the mindfulness texting period include message engagement, state mindfulness, state values-based living, substance misuse, and self-efficacy. People (n=60) who report initiating or restarting taking daily medication for opioid use disorder (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine/suboxone/subutex) will be enrolled in the study. Participants will answer questions about their functioning, mood, quality of life, sleep, substance use, pain, and more at baseline, and at follow-up months 1, 2, and 6 (4, 8, and 24 weeks).

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • New Mexico
      • Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, 87131
        • Recruiting
        • University of New Mexico
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Frank Schwebel, PhD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18 years of age or older
  • Have a cellphone that can receive text messages
  • Have internet access to complete study surveys
  • Willing to comply with all study procedures and be available for the duration of the study
  • Within 6 months of starting or resuming to take daily methadone or buprenorphine (or suboxone/subutex)
  • Able to understand study requirements and provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • None

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Mindfulness text messages
Behavioral: Mindfulness text messages
Over 250 text messages based on concepts from Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) were developed and are sent to participants each day for 4 weeks. The messages are intended to increase awareness of triggers and "automatic" reactions to triggering experiences, and to consider alternative responses to these experiences.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Mindfulness text intervention engagement
Time Frame: Measured daily for four weeks
Participants reply to a binary ("Today, did you think about or use any suggestion from the OASIS Study text messages?") and continuous ("How much did you think about or use any suggestion from the OASIS text messages?; response range: 0=not at all, 10=very much) question about intervention engagement. They also indicate how much they believe the texting helped them manage their pain, urge to use opioids, remember to take their medication, and manage their withdrawal symptoms (response range: 0=not at all, 10=very much).
Measured daily for four weeks
Intervention acceptability
Time Frame: From baseline to 24-week (i.e., 6-month) follow-up
Responding to EMA on 25%, 50%, and 75% of days will indicate a low, medium, and high level of acceptability, respectively. An adapted version of a message fatigue measure and a scale of intervention engagement will be used with a response greater than 3 (1 to 5 scales) on each item representing at least some satisfaction with treatment and will serve as the benchmark for acceptability.
From baseline to 24-week (i.e., 6-month) follow-up
Intervention feasibility
Time Frame: From baseline to 24-week (i.e., 6-month) follow-up
Feasibility benchmarks are assessed continually thoughout the study, beginning with the recruitment rate of eligible participants (≥50% of potential participants) and continuing as quantified by retention at 4 weeks (≥75%), 8 weeks (≥65%), and 24 weeks (≥55%). These data are all proportions and are collected as continuous measures of feasibility as quantified by participant engagement.
From baseline to 24-week (i.e., 6-month) follow-up
Medication adherence
Time Frame: From baseline to 24-week (6-month) follow-up
Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) adherence rate is assessed within individuals. Within-subject adherence will be quantified as ≥80% of days taking MOUD. Six-month between-subject retention rates will be classified using the following ranges based on results from prior studies of buprenorphine and methadone adherence. Buprenorphine: 25% or less = low, 25 to 40% = moderate, and 40% or greater = high. Methadone: 40% of less = low, 40 to 50% = moderate, 50% or greater = high.
From baseline to 24-week (6-month) follow-up

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Mindfulness text intervention engagement
Time Frame: Measured daily for four weeks
Participants indicate how much they believe the texting helped them engage in valued activities, engage in everyday activities, be mindful, and accept thoughts and situations without judgement (response range: 0=not at all, 10=very much).
Measured daily for four weeks
Mindfulness
Time Frame: Measured twice daily for four weeks
Mindfulness will be assessed through a 6-item EMA scale that measures state mindfulness in the past 15 minutes. Responses are made on a 5-point response scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much).
Measured twice daily for four weeks
Pain
Time Frame: Measured twice daily for four weeks
Pain is assessed using a single-item asking participants to rate their current pain compared to their typical pain level. Responses are made on a 10-point response scale ranging from 0 (a lot less than usual) to 10 (a lot more than usual). A response of 5 represents "about the same as usual.
Measured twice daily for four weeks
Pain interference
Time Frame: Measured twice daily for four weeks
Pain interference is assessed using two items assessing interference with what participants are doing and their enjoyment of life. Responses are made on an 11-point response scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very much).
Measured twice daily for four weeks
Craving
Time Frame: Measured twice daily for four weeks
Craving is assessed using 3-items asking participants to rate the: strength of their desire, craving, and urge to use opioids on an 11-point response scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very much).
Measured twice daily for four weeks
Self-efficacy
Time Frame: Measured twice daily for four weeks
Self-efficacy is assessed using a single item asking participants to rate their confidence in their ability to not use opioids on an 11-point response scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very much).
Measured twice daily for four weeks
Values
Time Frame: Measured daily for four weeks
Values are assessed using two-items adapted from the Values Tracker for EMA measuring engaged with actions that contibute to their quality of living and making progress in life areas that matter to participants. Participants respond on an 11-point response scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely).
Measured daily for four weeks
Sleep
Time Frame: Measured daily for four weeks
Sleep is assessed using three-items. Two are adapted from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (items 4 and 9) and measure hours of actual sleep (from less than 4 hours to 9 or more hours) and sleep quality rating (from very good [1] to very bad [4]). Participants are also asked to rate how rested they feel ranging from very good (1) to very bad (4).
Measured daily for four weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of New Mexico

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 13, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 1, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 1, 2029

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 14, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 15, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 20, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 15, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2507214546
  • K23DA058015 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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