Effects of Infusion Timing on Treatment Response in Solid Tumors (TIMED)

June 1, 2026 updated by: UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center

Timing of Immunotherapy and Effective Administration (TIMED): Effects of Infusion Timing on Treatment Response in Solid Tumors

This study evaluates whether the time of day when immunotherapy is given affects clinical outcomes. It includes patients eligible for PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) or PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) inhibitor treatment who have either advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or locally advanced, resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).The study tests the hypothesis that outcomes differ based on infusion timing (morning versus afternoon). Patients are divided into two cohorts by disease type: Cohort 1 includes NSCLC and Cohort 2 includes HNSCC. Within each cohort, patients are randomly assigned to receive infusions in the morning or afternoon, using a 2:1 ratio for NSCLC and a 1:1 ratio for HNSCC. All treatment and disease assessments follow standard medical care, and outcomes such as survival and treatment response are collected from medical records. Patients will be followed for up to 2 years.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
238

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • North Carolina
      • Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27599
        • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Radiation Oncology
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Shetal A Patel, MD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Cohort 1A and 1B:

  • Participants with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  • Written informed consent obtained to participate in the study and HIPAA authorization for release of personal health information.
  • Subject is willing and able to comply with study procedures based on the judgement of the investigator.
  • Age ≥ 18 years at the time of consent.

Cohort 2A and 2B:

  • Participants with resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
  • Written informed consent obtained to participate in the study and HIPAA authorization for release of personal health information.
  • Subject is willing and able to comply with study procedures based on the judgement
  • of the investigator.
  • Age ≥ 18 years at the time of consent.

Exclusion Criteria: For All Cohorts (1A,1B, 2A, 2B)

  • Subject is currently using steroids (prednisone ≥10 mg or its equivalent) and that cannot be discontinued at least 7 days before starting standard of care treatment.
  • Prior ICI (PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA4) treatment received less than 6 months from the time of screening.
  • Subject is participating in another treatment clinical trial.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Cohort 1A: NSCLC received Anti- PD-1/PD-L1 start prior 12:00 PM
Patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) eligible for standard-of-care anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) or PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) therapy received treatment before 12:00 PM.
Drug: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy - 4 cycles before 12:00PM
PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) or PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) inhibitor monotherapy will be administered before 12:00PM for 4 cycles.
Experimental: Cohort 1B: NSCLC received Anti- PD-1/PD-L1 start after 3:00 PM
Patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) eligible for standard-of-care anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) or PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) therapy received treatment after 3:00 PM.
Drug: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy - 4 cycles after 3 PM
PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) or PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) inhibitor monotherapy will be administered after 3 PM for 4 cycles.
Experimental: Cohort 2A: HNSCC received Anti- PD-1 start prior 12:00 PM
Patients with advanced or metastatic locally advanced, resectable HNSCC eligible for standard-of-care anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) therapy received treatment before 12:00 PM.
Drug: PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy - 2 cycles before 12:00PM
PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) inhibitor monotherapy will be administered before 12:00PM for 2 cycles.
Experimental: Cohort 2B: HNSCC received Anti- PD-1 start after 3:00 PM
Patients with advanced or metastatic locally advanced, resectable HNSCC eligible for standard-of-care anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) therapy received treatment after 3:00 PM.
Drug: PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy - 2 cycles after 3 PM
PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) inhibitor monotherapy will be administered after 3 PM for 2 cycles.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Progression free survival (PFS) - non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Time Frame: Up to 2 years
Progression free survival (PFS) will be measured as the time from the date of randomization to the earliest date of radiographic disease progression (PD), as determined by RECIST 1.1, or death from any cause in subjects with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Up to 2 years
Major Pathologic Response (MPR) -head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Time Frame: Up to 3 months
Major Pathologic Response (MPR) is defined as participant with ≤10% viable tumor in resected tumor tissue in patients with resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Up to 3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Overall survival (OS) - non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Time Frame: Up to 2 years
Overall survival (OS) is defined as the time from randomization to death from any cause in subjects with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Up to 2 years
Objective Response Rate (ORR) - non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Time Frame: Up to 2 years
Objective Response Rate defined as the proportion of patients achieving a Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) as determined by RECIST 1.1 To determine if time of day of immune checkpoint inhibitor administration impacts treatment response in subjects with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Up to 2 years
Timing of surgery
Time Frame: Up to 3 months
Timing of surgery is defined as the time from the last neoadjuvant dose to the date of surgery.
Up to 3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Shetal A Patel, MD, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 1, 2033

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 1, 2033

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 1, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 1, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 5, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 5, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 1, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • LCCC2526-DCT

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

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