Intragastric Balloon and Time-Restricted Eating for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity

November 7, 2026 updated by: Seher Şen, Mudanya University

Effects of Intragastric Balloon and Time-Restricted Intermittent Fasting Diet on Weight Loss and Metabolic Parameters in Adults With Overweight and Obesity

The goal of this non-randomized clinical study is to learn whether an intragastric balloon (IGB) and time-restricted eating (TRE; 16-hour daily fast with an 8-hour eating window), used alone or together, improve weight loss, body composition, and metabolic parameters in adults aged 18 to 65 years with overweight or obesity (body mass index 27.0 to 39.9 kg/m²). Participants are followed in four groups according to whether they have an IGB (placed as part of routine clinical care, not assigned by the study) and whether they choose to follow TRE: (1) standard nutrition therapy, (2) IGB plus standard nutrition therapy, (3) TRE plus standard nutrition therapy, and (4) IGB plus TRE plus standard nutrition therapy. All participants receive the same individualized energy-restricted diet, dietitian follow-up, behavioral education, and physical activity advice. Body weight and body composition are measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months; routine laboratory results are recorded at baseline and 6 months.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This is a prospective, single-center, non-randomized, exploratory (pilot) study with a 2×2 factorial structure. The two factors are intragastric balloon (IGB; present/absent) and time-restricted eating (TRE; yes/no). IGB placement is not a study procedure: it is performed as routine clinical care according to the physician's indication and the patient's preference, and the investigators have no role in that decision. TRE is offered in the dietetics outpatient clinic; participants who wish to follow it are allocated to the TRE groups, and those who do not are followed with standard nutrition therapy alone.

All groups receive the same frequency of dietitian visits, the same behavioral education, comparable energy targets, and the same physical activity advice (7,500 to 10,000 steps per day), so that groups differ only in IGB status and TRE. Body composition is measured by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Laboratory values are taken from routine clinical test results; no additional blood samples are drawn. Dietary intake is assessed with 3-day food records and physical activity with participants' smartphone step counters.

At least 15 participants per group (60 in total) are planned. Main and interaction effects of IGB and TRE will be analyzed with two-way analysis of variance or general linear models, and changes over time with repeated-measures analysis of variance or linear mixed models, adjusting for age, sex, baseline body mass index, comorbidities, physical activity, and energy intake.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Yıldırım
      • Bursa, Yıldırım, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Recruiting
        • Yıldırım Doruk Hastanesi
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 to 65 years
  • Body mass index (BMI) 27.0 to 39.9 kg/m²; for BMI 27.0 to 29.9 kg/m², at least one obesity-related comorbidity (e.g., insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia)
  • BMI of 27 kg/m² or higher for at least 2 years
  • History of unsuccessful non-surgical weight-loss attempts
  • Willingness to participate and written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease or other inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (including esophagitis and hiatal hernia of 2 cm or larger)
  • Previous gastrointestinal surgery
  • History of upper gastrointestinal bleeding
  • Gastroparesis
  • Severe psychiatric illness
  • Active malignancy
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Alcohol or substance dependence
  • Physical limitation preventing exercise
  • Contraindication to intragastric balloon placement

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Standard Nutrition Therapy

Participants without an intragastric balloon who receive standard energy-restricted nutrition therapy only.
Behavioral: Standard Hypocaloric Nutrition Therapy

Individualized balanced diet with approximately 25% energy restriction from the estimated daily energy requirement (typically 1000 to 1400 kcal/day; protein 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg/day, carbohydrate 35 to 50% and fat 25 to 35% of energy), with regular dietitian follow-up, behavioral education, and advice to walk 7,500 to 10,000 steps per day.
Active Comparator: IGB + Standard Nutrition Therapy

Participants with an intragastric balloon (IGB) placed as part of routine clinical care who receive standard energy-restricted nutrition therapy.
Behavioral: Standard Hypocaloric Nutrition Therapy

Individualized balanced diet with approximately 25% energy restriction from the estimated daily energy requirement (typically 1000 to 1400 kcal/day; protein 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg/day, carbohydrate 35 to 50% and fat 25 to 35% of energy), with regular dietitian follow-up, behavioral education, and advice to walk 7,500 to 10,000 steps per day.

Device: Intragastric Balloon

Endoscopically placed intragastric balloon, performed as part of routine clinical care based on physician indication and patient preference; placement is not assigned by the study. Diet after placement progresses through clear liquid, full liquid, pureed, and solid stages according to routine clinical practice.
Experimental: TRE + Standard Nutrition Therapy

Participants without an intragastric balloon who follow time-restricted eating (TRE; 16-hour daily fast, 8-hour eating window) in addition to standard energy-restricted nutrition therapy.
Behavioral: Standard Hypocaloric Nutrition Therapy

Individualized balanced diet with approximately 25% energy restriction from the estimated daily energy requirement (typically 1000 to 1400 kcal/day; protein 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg/day, carbohydrate 35 to 50% and fat 25 to 35% of energy), with regular dietitian follow-up, behavioral education, and advice to walk 7,500 to 10,000 steps per day.

Behavioral: Time-Restricted Eating (16:8)

Daily food intake limited to an 8-hour eating window with a 16-hour fast. The recommended fasting period is 18:00 to 10:00; alternative 16-hour periods (such as 19:00 to 11:00 or 20:00 to 12:00) are allowed. Water and non-caloric beverages are permitted during the fasting period. Energy and macronutrient targets are identical to standard nutrition therapy. Duration: 6 weeks.
Experimental: IGB + TRE + Standard Nutrition Therapy

Participants with an intragastric balloon (IGB) placed as part of routine clinical care who follow time-restricted eating (TRE; 16-hour daily fast, 8-hour eating window) in addition to standard energy-restricted nutrition therapy.
Behavioral: Standard Hypocaloric Nutrition Therapy

Individualized balanced diet with approximately 25% energy restriction from the estimated daily energy requirement (typically 1000 to 1400 kcal/day; protein 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg/day, carbohydrate 35 to 50% and fat 25 to 35% of energy), with regular dietitian follow-up, behavioral education, and advice to walk 7,500 to 10,000 steps per day.

Device: Intragastric Balloon

Endoscopically placed intragastric balloon, performed as part of routine clinical care based on physician indication and patient preference; placement is not assigned by the study. Diet after placement progresses through clear liquid, full liquid, pureed, and solid stages according to routine clinical practice.

Behavioral: Time-Restricted Eating (16:8)

Daily food intake limited to an 8-hour eating window with a 16-hour fast. The recommended fasting period is 18:00 to 10:00; alternative 16-hour periods (such as 19:00 to 11:00 or 20:00 to 12:00) are allowed. Water and non-caloric beverages are permitted during the fasting period. Energy and macronutrient targets are identical to standard nutrition therapy. Duration: 6 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Body weight
Time Frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6

Kilograms, measured in light clothing without shoes (Tanita MC-780 MA)
Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Body mass index
Time Frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6

Weight and height combined to report BMI in kg/m²
Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Percent total weight loss
Time Frame: Month 3, Month 6

(Baseline weight - follow-up weight) / baseline weight × 100.
Month 3, Month 6
Percent excess weight loss
Time Frame: Month 3, Month 6

(Baseline weight - follow-up weight) / (baseline weight - ideal weight) × 100; ideal weight at BMI 25 kg/m².
Month 3, Month 6
Fat mass
Time Frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6

Kilograms, by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis
Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Body fat percentage
Time Frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6

Percent of body weight, by bioelectrical impedance analysis
Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Muscle mass percentage
Time Frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6

Percent of body weight, by bioelectrical impedance analysis
Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Muscle mass
Time Frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6

Kilograms, by bioelectrical impedance analysis
Baseline, Month 3, Month 6

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Fasting plasma glucose
Time Frame: Baseline, Month 6

Concentration in mg/dL from routine clinical laboratory results
Baseline, Month 6
fasting insulin (µIU/mL)
Time Frame: Baseline, Month 6

Fasting serum insulin concentration in µIU/mL, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline, Month 6
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Time Frame: Baseline, Month 6

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a percentage of total hemoglobin, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline, Month 6
Total Cholesterol
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Serum total cholesterol concentration in mg/dL, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline and Month 6
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Serum HDL cholesterol concentration in mg/dL, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline and Month 6
Triglycerides
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Serum triglyceride concentration in mg/dL, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline and Month 6
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Serum ALT activity in U/L, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results
Baseline and Month 6
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Serum AST activity in U/L, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline and Month 6
Serum Iron
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Serum iron concentration in µg/dL, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline and Month 6
Ferritin
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Serum ferritin concentration in ng/mL, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline and Month 6
Vitamin B12
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Serum vitamin B12 concentration in pg/mL, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline and Month 6
Folate
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Serum folate concentration in ng/mL, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline and Month 6
Sodium
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Serum sodium concentration in mmol/L, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline and Month 6
Potassium
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Serum potassium concentration in mmol/L, obtained from routine clinical laboratory results.
Baseline and Month 6
Daily energy intake
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Mean daily energy intake in kcal/day, calculated from a 3-day food record.
Baseline and Month 6
Daily Protein Intake
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Mean daily protein intake in g/day, calculated from a 3-day food record.
Baseline and Month 6
Daily Carbohydrate Intake
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Mean daily carbohydrate intake in g/day, calculated from a 3-day food record.
Baseline and Month 6
Daily Fat Intake
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Mean daily fat intake in g/day, calculated from a 3-day food record.
Baseline and Month 6
Daily Step Count
Time Frame: Baseline and Month 6

Mean number of steps per day, reported by participants from their smartphone step counter.
Baseline and Month 6

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Mudanya University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 12, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 15, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 7, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 7, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 13, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 13, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 7, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • MUDU-SBE-SS-06

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

In accordance with the study protocol approved by the ethics committee and national data protection legislation (Law No. 6698 on the Protection of Personal Data), individual participant data will be accessible only to the research team and will not be shared with third parties. Aggregate results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Cookie Settings

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For more details carefully read our Privacy and Cookies Policy. ...>>>You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by deleting the cookies from your website or computer as described in the policy. Please accept it and choose your preferences by ticking the corresponding boxes in the "Manage Settings" section below. Please carefully read our Terms of Service before you proceed with using any part of this website.
«Manage Settings