Effects of Parental Behavior on Child Anxiety Regulation

Does parenting style affect emotion regulation among children who initially demonstrate high levels of fear and anxiety? Although recent correlational research has demonstrated a linkage between parental behaviors, such as excessive intrusiveness, and children's manifestations of fear and anxiety, it is not clear if parenting behaviors directly influence children's ability to regulate these emotions. Alternatively, these parental behaviors may be elicited by children who express fears and anxieties more frequently than other children do. Experimental research designs would offer a more definitive test of these competing explanations of the extant correlational findings. Intervention studies, in particular, can test whether experimentally manipulating current family interaction patterns affects children's ability to regulate emotion. This study provides a preliminary experimental test of the relationship between parental behavior and children's regulation of fear and anxiety. Some 40 clinically anxious youth, aged 6-13, were randomly assigned to a family intervention program for childhood anxiety problems, which includes extensive parent communication training, or a child intervention program without parent-training. By comparing these two interventions, we tested if it was possible to improve parenting behaviors-such as intrusiveness-through intensive parent-training, above and beyond the effects of involving children in a child intervention program. We then tested the impact of this change in parental behaviors on children's ability to regulate fear and anxiety. We hypothesized that parent-training would reduce intrusiveness, which would in turn improve children's anxiety outcomes.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Generalized Anxiety Disorder; Social Phobia; Separation Anxiety Disorder
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Family cognitive behavioral therapy; Behavioral: Child-focused cognitive behavioral therapy

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 40
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095
      • UCLA

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 6 years to 13 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• The child met DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis of a principal anxiety disorder based on a semi-structured interview
• The child was not taking any psychiatric medication at the initial assessment, or was taking a stable dose of psychiatric medication (i.e., at least one month at a stable dose prior to the baseline assessment), and
• If medication was being used, families stated an intention to maintain that dose throughout the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The child was currently in child-focused psychotherapy
• The family was currently in family therapy or a parenting class
• Either the child or the parents evidenced psychotic symptoms
• The child began taking psychiatric medication or increased his/her dose of medication during the intervention, or
• For any reason the child or parents appeared unable to participate in the intervention program.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 1; Family CBT	Behavioral: Family cognitive behavioral therapy; 12-16 weekly sessions of family cognitive behavioral therapy, 60-80 minutes each
Active Comparator: 2; Child-focused CBT	Behavioral: Child-focused cognitive behavioral therapy; 12-16 weekly sessions of child-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, 60-80 minutes each

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule--Child and Parent Versions	Posttreatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Multidimension Anxiety Scale for Children	Posttreatment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of California, Los Angeles
• Collaborators: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Wood, Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles; Principal Investigator: Marian Sigman, Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Wood JJ, Piacentini JC, Southam-Gerow M, Chu BC, Sigman M. Family cognitive behavioral therapy for child anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006 Mar;45(3):314-321. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000196425.88341.b0.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2000
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2004
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2004

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 3, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 3, 2008
• First Posted (Estimate): January 15, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 15, 2008
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 3, 2008
• Last Verified: January 1, 2008

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Pathologic Processes; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Phobic Disorders; Disease; Anxiety Disorders; Phobia, Social; Anxiety, Separation
• Other Study ID Numbers: 1F31MH064999 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)