- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT00778258
Study of Milk Allergy and Tolerance in Children
Dietary Intervention in Milk Allergy and Tolerance Development
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Milk is among the most common food allergens in infants and children. The majority of children outgrow their milk allergies; however, the exact mechanisms by which food tolerance is achieved are unknown. Strict avoidance of the offending food is currently the only known therapy. However, some have been known to tolerate milk products cooked at high heat such as when baked in foods.
This clinical trial involves a diet containing extensively baked milk protein to investigate the effects of ingestion of heat-denatured milk on development of oral tolerance to non-baked milk.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Phase 2
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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New York
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New York, New York, United States, 10029
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
One or more of the following inclusion criteria for enrollment in the study have to be met:
- Convincing history of an allergic reaction to milk or a positive double blind placebo controlled milk challenge (DBPCMC) within the past 2 years and either detectable milk immunoglobulin E (IgE) or positive prick skin test to milk OR
- Serum milk-IgE of high predictive value >14 kUa/L or prick skin test to milk > 10mm wheal within the past 6 months regardless of past clinical history of reactions OR
- Convincing history of an allergic reaction to milk or a positive DBPCMC more than 2 years ago and either a positive serum milk-IgE < 14 kUA/L or positive prick skin test to milk < 10 mm wheal within the past 6 months (eligible only for the active arm of the study and will undergo a reversed sequence of initial baked-milk challenges)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Inability or unwillingness of a participant to give written informed consent or to comply with study protocol
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Milk-allergic; Non-consumption
Subjects in this arm reacted to the lowest baseline dose of baked milk (muffin) and will continue strict milk avoidance, returning for re-evaluation with laboratory tests at 12 and 24 months and baked milk challenge at 36 months.
Individual participants may be challenged at 12 and or 24 months.
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At baseline, each subject will undergo sequential oral food challenges with the products that contain increasing amounts of milk protein that are baked: Stage 1 (muffin), Stage 2 (pizza), and Stage 3 (rice pudding) doses of baked milk to determine the extent to which they tolerate various baked milk proteins.
Based on the outcomes of the baseline oral food challenges, subjects will be assigned to one of the 5 study arms.
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Experimental: Tolerated Muffin, Reacted to Pizza
Subjects will be assigned to this arm, if they can tolerate ingesting a muffin but react to ingesting the amount of baked milk in a standardized portion of pizza.
Within the arm, subjects will be randomized in 1:1 ratio to either return for re-evaluation at 6 months (Dose Escalation sub-arm) or 12 months (Maintenance sub-arm) to determine whether they might progress to ingesting higher amounts of baked milk protein.
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At baseline, each subject will undergo sequential oral food challenges with the products that contain increasing amounts of milk protein that are baked: Stage 1 (muffin), Stage 2 (pizza), and Stage 3 (rice pudding) doses of baked milk to determine the extent to which they tolerate various baked milk proteins.
Based on the outcomes of the baseline oral food challenges, subjects will be assigned to one of the 5 study arms.
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Experimental: Reacted to Rice Pudding
Subjects will be assigned to this arm, if they can tolerate ingesting a muffin and a standardized portion of pizza but react to a standardized dose of baked milk in rice pudding.
Within the arm, subjects will be randomized in 1:1 ratio to either return for re-evaluation at 6 months (Dose Escalation sub-arm) or 12 months (Maintenance sub-arm) to determine whether they might progress to ingesting higher amounts of baked milk protein.
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At baseline, each subject will undergo sequential oral food challenges with the products that contain increasing amounts of milk protein that are baked: Stage 1 (muffin), Stage 2 (pizza), and Stage 3 (rice pudding) doses of baked milk to determine the extent to which they tolerate various baked milk proteins.
Based on the outcomes of the baseline oral food challenges, subjects will be assigned to one of the 5 study arms.
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Experimental: Reacted to Non-baked Milk
Subjects will be assigned to this arm, if they can tolerate ingesting a muffin, pizza and rice pudding but react to a standardized dose of non-baked milk.
Within the arm, subjects will be randomized in 1:1 ratio to either return for re-evaluation at 6 months (Dose Escalation sub-arm) or 12 months (Maintenance sub-arm) to determine whether they might progress to ingesting higher amounts of baked milk protein.
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At baseline, each subject will undergo sequential oral food challenges with the products that contain increasing amounts of milk protein that are baked: Stage 1 (muffin), Stage 2 (pizza), and Stage 3 (rice pudding) doses of baked milk to determine the extent to which they tolerate various baked milk proteins.
Based on the outcomes of the baseline oral food challenges, subjects will be assigned to one of the 5 study arms.
Those subjects tolerant to rice pudding will undergo oral food challenge with non-baked milk.
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Experimental: Tolerant to Baked and Non-baked Milk
Biological/Vaccine: Baked Milk At baseline, each subject will undergo sequential oral food challenges with the products that contain increasing amounts of milk protein that are baked: Stage 1 (muffin), Stage 2 (pizza), and Stage 3 (rice pudding) doses of baked milk to determine the extent to which they tolerate various baked milk proteins. Based on the outcomes of the baseline oral food challenges, subjects will be assigned to one of the 5 study arms. Biological/Vaccine: Non-baked Milk Those subjects tolerant to rice pudding will undergo oral food challenge with non-baked milk. |
At baseline, each subject will undergo sequential oral food challenges with the products that contain increasing amounts of milk protein that are baked: Stage 1 (muffin), Stage 2 (pizza), and Stage 3 (rice pudding) doses of baked milk to determine the extent to which they tolerate various baked milk proteins.
Based on the outcomes of the baseline oral food challenges, subjects will be assigned to one of the 5 study arms.
Those subjects tolerant to rice pudding will undergo oral food challenge with non-baked milk.
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No Intervention: Non-Interventional Comparison
Thirty subjects who fulfill inclusion criteria but are unwilling to participate in the full protocol will be enrolled as a comparison group to the active arms.
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Number of Participants With a Positive Progression in Tolerance of Baked Milk and Ultimately Unheated Milk in Dose Escalation Sub-arm Compared to Maintenance Sub-arm
Time Frame: Randomization through end of study (up to 36 months)
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Participants were grouped based on the food to which they experienced a reaction at the baseline Oral Food Challenge (OFC).
Group 1=reacted to muffin; Group 2=reacted to pizza; Group 3=reacted to rice pudding; Group 4=reacted to non-baked milk; Group 5=did not react.
Groups 2, 3, and 4 were randomized to dose escalation or maintenance, and at each visit following randomization, participants performed an OFC where they were given food products containing milk protein denatured through baking.
Participants were given progressively less denatured milk protein food items until they had an allergic reaction.
Participants were considered to have a positive progression in tolerance of baked milk if they experienced a reaction to a less denatured milk protein food item at any post randomization visits than the one to which they reacted at their baseline visit.
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Randomization through end of study (up to 36 months)
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Number of Participants With a Positive Progression in Tolerating More Allergenic Forms of Milk at 12 and 24 Months
Time Frame: 12 months, 24 months
|
Participants were grouped based on the food they experienced a reaction to at the baseline Oral Food Challenge (OFC).
Group 1 = reacted to muffin; Group 2 = reacted to pizza; Group 3 = reacted to rice pudding; Group 4 = reacted to non-baked milk; Group 5 = did not react.
Groups 2, 3 and 4 were randomized to dose escalation or maintenance, and at each visit following randomization, performed an OFC where food products containing milk protein denatured through baking were given.
Participants were given progressively less denatured milk protein food items until an allergic reaction occurred.
A positive progression in tolerance of baked milk was defined as a reaction to a less denatured milk protein food at 12 months than at baseline.
Positive progression at 24 months was defined as experiencing a reaction to a less denatured milk protein food at 24 months than at 12 months.
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12 months, 24 months
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Percent of Participants Becoming Tolerant to Unheated Cow's Milk at 12, 24, and 36 Months
Time Frame: 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months
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Participants were grouped based on the food to which they experienced a reaction at the baseline Oral Food Challenge (OFC).
Group 1 = reacted to muffin; Group 2 = reacted to pizza; Group 3 = reacted to rice pudding; Group 4 = reacted to non-baked milk; Group 5 = did not react.
Groups 2, 3 and 4 were randomized to dose escalation or maintenance, and at each visit following randomization, participants performed an OFC where they were given food products containing milk protein denatured through baking.
Participants were given progressively less denatured milk protein food items until they had an allergic reaction.
Participants were considered to become tolerant to unheated cow's milk if at the specified visit, they did not react to any of the foods given in the OFC.
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12 months, 24 months, and 36 months
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Percent of Participants Becoming Tolerant to Unheated Cow's Milk
Time Frame: Randomization through end of study (up to 36 months)
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Participants were grouped based on the food to which they experienced a reaction at the baseline Oral Food Challenge (OFC).
Group 1 = reacted to muffin; Group 2 = reacted to pizza; Group 3 = reacted to rice pudding; Group 4 = reacted to non-baked milk; Group 5 = did not react.
Groups 2, 3 and 4 were randomized to dose escalation or maintenance, and at each visit following randomization, participants performed an OFC where they were given food products containing milk protein denatured through baking.
Participants were given progressively less denatured milk protein food items until they had an allergic reaction.
Participants were considered to become tolerant to unheated cow's milk if at any post-randomization visit up through 36 months, they did not react to any of the food given in the OFC.
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Randomization through end of study (up to 36 months)
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Comparison of Baseline Basophil Percent Maximal Degranulation With the Outcome of the Baseline OFC to Identify the Biomarkers of Clinical Reactivity
Time Frame: Baseline
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This endpoint evaluates the correlation between the mechanistic biomarkers of basophil reactivity and the food to which participants reacted at baseline.
Participants were grouped according to food at which participants experienced a reaction during their baseline oral food challenge: Group 1 = reacted to muffin; Group 2 = reacted to pizza; Group 3 = reacted to rice pudding; Group 4 = reacted to non-baked milk; Group 5 = did not react.
Basophils come from blood drawn at baseline.
Basophils counts were done using whole blood specimens.
Basophil reactivity as measured as maximal degranulation percentage after stimulation with titrated dilutions of milk powder (from 1x103 to 1x10-1 µg/mL total protein) and was correlated to group assignment using Spearman correlation coefficients.
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Baseline
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Comparison of Baseline IgE With the Outcome of the Baseline OFC to Identify the Biomarkers of Clinical Reactivity
Time Frame: Baseline
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This endpoint evaluates the correlation between the mechanistic biomarker of IgE to milk proteins and allergic reaction at baseline.
Participants were grouped according to food at which participants experienced a reaction during their baseline oral food challenge: Group 1 = reacted to muffin; Group 2 = reacted to pizza; Group 3 = reacted to rice pudding; Group 4 = reacted to non-baked milk; Group 5 = did not react.
Quantitative IgE to milk proteins was done using FEIA (UniCAP) on serum from blood drawn at baseline.
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Baseline
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Comparison of Baseline Mechanistic Studies [Treg and Basophil] With the Outcome of the Baseline OFC to Identify the Biomarkers of Clinical Reactivity
Time Frame: Baseline
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This endpoint evaluates the correlation between the mechanistic biomarker of the number of basophils and T regulatory cells reactive to milk proteins and the food to which participants reacted at baseline.
Participants were grouped according to food at which participants experienced a reaction during their baseline oral food challenge: Group 1 = reacted to muffin; Group 2 = reacted to pizza; Group 3 = reacted to rice pudding; Group 4 = reacted to non-baked milk; Group 5 = did not react.
Quantitative IgE to milk proteins was done using FEIA (UniCAP) on serum from blood drawn at baseline.
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Baseline
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Relationship Between Initial Dose of Tolerated Baked-milk Protein and Time to Complete Tolerance
Time Frame: Randomization through end of study (up to 36 months)
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Participants were grouped based on the food to which they experienced a reaction at the baseline Oral Food Challenge (OFC).
Group 1 = reacted to muffin; Group 2 = reacted to pizza; Group 3 = reacted to rice pudding; Group 4 = reacted to non-baked milk; Group 5 = did not react.
Groups 2, 3 and 4 were randomized to dose escalation or maintenance, and at each visit following randomization, participants performed an OFC where they were given food products containing milk protein denatured through baking.
Participants were given progressively less denatured milk protein food items until they had an allergic reaction.
Participants were considered to become tolerant to unheated cow's milk if at any post-randomization visit up through 36 months, they did not react to any food, including unheated whole milk.
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Randomization through end of study (up to 36 months)
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Relationship Between Dose of Baked-milk Protein and Reactivity to Casein Versus Whey
Time Frame: Baseline, Month 12, Month 24, Month 36
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Participants were grouped based on the food to which they experienced a reaction at the baseline Oral Food Challenge (OFC).
Group 1 = reacted to muffin; Group 2 = reacted to pizza; Group 3 = reacted to rice pudding; Group 4 = reacted to non-baked milk; Group 5 = did not react.
Groups 2, 3 and 4 were randomized to dose escalation or maintenance, and at each visit following randomization, participants performed an OFC where they were given food products containing milk protein denatured through baking.
Participants were given progressively less denatured milk protein food items until they had an allergic reaction.
The relationship between serum IgE to betalactoglobulin and casein, and the food level at which the participant reacted, were evaluated at each post randomization OFC visit.
It is expected that those who reacted to muffin would have a higher ratio of casein to betalactoglobulin than those who reacted to less heated forms of milk.
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Baseline, Month 12, Month 24, Month 36
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Comparison of Percent of Participants Tolerant to Non-heated Milk Between the Participants Who Ingested Baked-milk Products and Participants Who Continued to Avoid All Forms of Milk
Time Frame: Month 36
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Participants were grouped based on the food they reacted to, at the baseline Oral Food Challenge (OFC).
Group 1= reacted to muffin; Group 2= reacted to pizza; Group 3= reacted to rice pudding; Group 4= reacted to non-baked milk; Group 5= did not react.
Groups 2- 4 were randomized to dose escalation or maintenance, and Group 1, and a Control group that chose not to participate in the study, continued to avoid milk.
Randomized participants performed an OFC at each visit during which they were given progressively less denatured/ baked milk protein food items until they had an allergic reaction.
Participants were considered tolerant to unheated cow's milk if at any post-randomization visit up through 36 months, they did not react to any food, including unheated whole milk.
Tolerance of non-heated milk was assessed by report among those who continued to avoid milk.
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Month 36
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Changes in Mechanistic Values [Humoral, T Cell and Basophil]
Time Frame: Baseline, Month 12, Month 24, and Month 36
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This outcome measure was not well defined in the protocol and was not analyzed.
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Baseline, Month 12, Month 24, and Month 36
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Changes in Mechanistic Values [Humoral, T Cell and Basophil]
Time Frame: Baseline to the time complete milk tolerance was established
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This outcome measure was not well defined in the protocol and was not analyzed.
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Baseline to the time complete milk tolerance was established
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Collaborators and Investigators
Investigators
- Study Chair: Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn, MD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Bloom KA, Sicherer SH, Shreffler WG, Noone S, Wanich N, Sampson HA. Tolerance to extensively heated milk in children with cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Aug;122(2):342-7, 347.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.05.043. Epub 2008 Jul 11.
- Skripak JM, Matsui EC, Mudd K, Wood RA. The natural history of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Nov;120(5):1172-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.08.023. Epub 2007 Nov 1.
- Staden U, Rolinck-Werninghaus C, Brewe F, Wahn U, Niggemann B, Beyer K. Specific oral tolerance induction in food allergy in children: efficacy and clinical patterns of reaction. Allergy. 2007 Nov;62(11):1261-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01501.x.
- Vandenplas Y, Koletzko S, Isolauri E, Hill D, Oranje AP, Brueton M, Staiano A, Dupont C. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk protein allergy in infants. Arch Dis Child. 2007 Oct;92(10):902-8. doi: 10.1136/adc.2006.110999. Erratum In: Arch Dis Child. 2007 Oct;92(10):following 908. Arch Dis Child. 2008 Jan;93(1):93.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimate)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- DAIT AADCRC-MSSM-02
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