Interaction Between White Potato Consumption and Meal Timing on Glycemic Response and Appetite in Adults

Interaction Between White Potato Consumption and Meal Timing on Glycemic Response, Subjective Appetite, and Energy Intake in Adults.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the interaction between white potato consumption and meal timing on glycemic response, subjective appetite, and energy intake in adults. The investigators hypothesize that white potatoes will modulate glycemic response, enhance satiety, and mitigate subsequent meal consumption and overall food intake when compared with meals containing low glycemic carbohydrates. Furthermore, they anticipate that the timing of white potato consumption will yield differential effects, with breakfast consumption exerting a more pronounced impact on satiety and subsequent food intake reduction compared to dinner consumption.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Healthy; Adult; Glycemic Response; Appetite; Mealtiming
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Oven-baked Home Fries; Other: Oven-baked White Russet Potato; Other: Oven-baked Fries; Other: Deep Fried, Quick Serve Fries; Other: Oven-baked Cauliflower Veggie Tots; Other: No Side

Detailed Description

A randomized within-subject repeated measures experiment will be used to study the interaction between white potato consumption and meal timing on glycemic response, subjective appetite, and energy intake in adults. In Experiment 1, participants will consume, in a random order on separate mornings, one of six test meals consisting of an egg omelette and a test side of: (1) Oven-baked home fries, (2) Oven-baked white russet potatoes, (3) Deep-fried, quick serve fries, (4) Oven-baked fries, (5) Oven-baked cauliflower tots, or (6) no side. Acute glycemic response and subjective appetite will be measured at baseline and over 120-mins post treatment consumption. At 120-min, food intake will be evaluated via an ad libitum lunch. Rest of day food intake and glycemic response will be collected until the participant goes to bed. Blood glucose measurements will be collected using the Dexcom G7 continuous glucose monitoring system.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 30
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B2K3
      • Recruiting
      • Centre for Urban Innovation (CUI-109), School of Nutrition, Toronto Metropolitan University
      • Contact: Nick Bellissimo; Phone Number: 553103 4169795000; Email: nick.bellissimo@torontomu.ca

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 - 65 years
• within the healthy body weight range [body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2].

Exclusion Criteria:

• have a previous diagnosis of diabetes and gastrointestinal, liver or kidney disease;
• have had a major medical or surgical event within the past 6 months;
• have had any significant weight fluctuation in the past 6-months;
• are taking medication that may influence dependent measures;
• are or have been on a diet within the past 6 months;
• skip breakfast or are unable to consume test treatment food.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

6

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Oven-baked Home Fries; Test Treatment	Other: Oven-baked Home Fries; Oven-baked Home Fries (241 g; McCain Ltd.). Test treatments matched for calories (284 kcal)
Experimental: Oven-baked White Russet Potato; Test Treatment	Other: Oven-baked White Russet Potato; Oven-baked White Russet Potato (299 g). Test treatments matched for calories (284 kcal)
Experimental: Oven-baked Fries; Test Treatment	Other: Oven-baked Fries; Oven-baked Fries (201 g; McCain Ltd.). Test treatments matched for calories (284 kcal)
Experimental: Deep Fried, Quick Serve Fries; Test Treatment	Other: Deep Fried, Quick Serve Fries; Deep Fried, Quick Serve Fries (108 g; McCain Ltd.). Test treatments matched for calories (284 kcal)
Experimental: Oven-baked Cauliflower Veggie Tots; Test Treatment	Other: Oven-baked Cauliflower Veggie Tots; Oven-baked Cauliflower Veggie Tots (186 g; Green Giant). Test treatments matched for calories (284 kcal)
Experimental: No Side; Test Treatment	Other: No Side; No side control (no caloric contribution).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Glycemic Response (Acute Phase)	Blood glucose (mmol/L). Blood glucose concentrations will be measured using a Dexcom G7 CGM system.	Change from baseline (measured at baseline (0-minute), 15-minute, 30-minute, 60-minute, 90-minute, and 120-minute post-treatment consumption).
Rest-of-day Blood Glucose	Blood glucose (mmol/L). Rest-of-day blood glucose concentrations will be determined using a Dexcom G7 CGM system.	Continuous measurements for 24 hours post-treatment consumption.
Ad Libitum Food Intake	Lunch pizza meal. Food intake will be determined by weighing the meal before and after serving. The net weight of the test meal will be converted to calories.	At 120 minutes post-treatment consumption

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Subjective Appetite	A visual analogue scale (VAS) with four questions will be administered to assess desire to eat, fullness, hunger, and prospective food consumption. Individual questions will be used to form a composite score. Each VAS will be administered via a digital software application (Express VAS, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) on a Dell tablet where participants will place an 'X" on the VAS line (100 unit scale).	Change from baseline (measured at baseline (0-minute), 15-minute, 30-minute, 60-minute, 90-minute, and 120-minute post-treatment consumption).
Rest-of-day Food Intake	Participants will be sent home with a rest-of-the-day food intake recall sheet to record their snacks, meals, and beverages. Rest of day food log.	For the rest of the day following test session completion (1 day)
Subjective Emotions	A visual analogue scale (VAS) with thirteen questions will be administered to assess subjective emotions and mood (aggression, anger, excitement, disappointment, happiness, upset, frustration, alertness, sadness, tension, exhaustion, calmness, and sleepiness). Individual questions will be used to form a composite emotion score. Each VAS will be administered via a digital software application (Express VAS, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) on a Dell tablet where participants will place an 'X" on the VAS line (100 unit scale).	Change from baseline (measured at baseline (0-minute), 15-minute, 30-minute, 60-minute, 90-minute, and 120-minute post-treatment consumption).

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Toronto Metropolitan University
• Collaborators: Alliance for Potato Research and Education

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 30, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): October 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): October 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 13, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 13, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): November 17, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 17, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 13, 2025
• Last Verified: November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: REB: 25-172 [A]

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No