Changes in Stem Cells of the Colon in Response to Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is a common disease worldwide. Increasing evidence is demonstrating that colorectal cancers arise from 'cancer stem cells.' Stem cells in the colon reside at the bottom of thousands of microscopic crypts throughout the wall of the colon. They create all the cells lining the bowel wall. These cells are created in the base of the crypt and ascend to the top acquiring the characteristics of mature cells of the bowel wall as they ascend.

It is now thought that colorectal cancer cells arise from stem cells where the genetic material regulating growth and division of the stem cell has become defective. This leads to unregulated production of cells which in turn have defective genetic information and cancer formation.

Prior studies have demonstrated that the earliest changes before a cancer develops are changes in cellular proliferation. Now that reliable markers to identify stem cells have been found, the researchers aim to investigate stem cell numbers and changes in distribution in those at normal risk of colorectal cancer and those at higher risk. The researchers hypothesise that changes in cellular proliferation at the top of the crypt in individuals at higher risk of colorectal cancer are due to a change in the number of stem cells in the crypt base.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Colorectal Cancer

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 11

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Tyne & Wear
    • Ashington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom, NE63 9JJ
      • Wansbeck General Hospital
    • North Shields, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom, NE29 8NH
      • North Tyneside Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 85 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

All patients referred for lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy at a participating centre will be considered for inclusion. Patients with a previous adenomatous polyp resection under surveillance will be considered for inclusion to the polyp group. Patients with ulcerative colitis under surveillance will be considered for inclusion to the ulcerative colitis group.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Referred for endoscopy at participating centre

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age <16 or >85
• Familial polyposis syndrome
• Lynch syndrome
• Known colorectal tumour
• Previous colorectal resection
• Pregnancy
• Chemotherapy in last 6 months
• Therapy with aspirin/other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
• Other immunosuppressive medication
• Incomplete left sided examination
• Colorectal carcinoma found at endoscopy
• Iatrogenic perforation at endoscopy
• Colorectal cancer on histology
• Microscopic colitis on histology

For the colitis group

• Simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI) score > 5

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Control
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Adenomatous polyp; Patients who have begun the polyp-cancer sequence (ie. are in polyp surveillance after excision of a prior adenomatous polyp) will be used to test those patients at higher risk of colorectal.
Patients at normal risk of cancer; Patients found to have endoscopically and histological normal mucosa.
Ulcerative colitis; Patients who are under surveillance for known ulcerative colitis will be used to test those patients at higher risk of colorectal.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Number of stem cells in the colonic crypt	On day of endoscopy

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Stem cell position in colonic crypt	On day of endoscopy

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Newcastle University
• Collaborators: Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Iain JD McCallum, MBChB MRCS, Newcastle University, UK; Study Chair: John C Mathers, PhD, Newcastle University, UK; Study Director: Seamus B Kelly, MD FRCS, Newcastle University, UK; Study Director: Mike Bradburn, MD FRCS, Northumbria NHS Foundation Trust

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Dronamraju SS, Coxhead JM, Kelly SB, Burn J, Mathers JC. Cell kinetics and gene expression changes in colorectal cancer patients given resistant starch: a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2009 Mar;58(3):413-20. doi: 10.1136/gut.2008.162933. Epub 2008 Oct 31.
• Barker N, van Es JH, Kuipers J, Kujala P, van den Born M, Cozijnsen M, Haegebarth A, Korving J, Begthel H, Peters PJ, Clevers H. Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5. Nature. 2007 Oct 25;449(7165):1003-7. doi: 10.1038/nature06196. Epub 2007 Oct 14.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: February 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2012
• Study Completion (Actual): October 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 24, 2010
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 24, 2010
• First Posted (Estimate): February 25, 2010

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 31, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 27, 2017
• Last Verified: March 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Stem cells; Colorectal cancer; Ulcerative colitis; Polyps
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Colonic Diseases; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Neoplasms; Rectal Diseases; Colorectal Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: McCallum-001