Effect of a Low Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE) Diet in the Metabolic Syndrome

Effects of Glycooxidative Stress on Human Aging- Study #3

The investigators have previously demonstrated that Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) are associated with several chronic diseases in humans and that blood AGE levels can be significantly reduced by simply changing the way food is cooked.

This is an interventional-randomized study in which we are trying to determine whether a diet low in AGE followed for 1 year can effectively reduce circulating AGE levels as well as markers of the metabolic syndrome in a group of patients with these abnormal markers.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Metabolic Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Regular AGE Diet; Other: Low AGE Diet

Detailed Description

The metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), a well-defined cluster of pathogenic conditions, includes glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (pre-diabetes), hypertension, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia. The MetSyn has a strong inflammatory component and raises the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by five-fold and of diabetes by two fold in aging. Although, excessive caloric intake, i.e. "over nutrition" is known to be involved in developing the MetSyn, the actual causative agents of MetSyn in human nutrition have not been determined.

The investigators have previously shown that Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) can induce oxidant stress and inflammatory responses and modulate insulin signaling in animal models and more recently in humans. These studies separated the effects of "over-nutrition" from the pro-inflammatory effects of AGEs, a factor not previously considered. These data support our hypothesis that AGE-restriction could be an important intervention in the MetSyn in aging.

The investigators would like to demonstrate that this safe, practical and economical intervention can arrest the progression of three major "epidemics" of aging: diabetes, obesity, and vascular disease associated with the metabolic syndrome. This simple intervention could have significant health and economic implications.

Our hypothesis is that dietary AGE restriction can reverse several cardinal manifestation of the MetSyn, specifically insulin resistance, abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 383
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10029
      • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 50 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Non-smoking adult subjects with at least three of the following five characteristics of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn):

  • Waist circumference:

Men: > 102 cm Women: > 88 cm

• Blood pressure: > 130/85 mm Hg (or use of anti-Blood Pressure medication)
• HDL-cholesterol:

Men: < 40 mg/dL Women: < 50 mg/dL

• Triglycerides: > 150 mg/dL (or use of medications for high triglycerides such as fibrates or nicotinic acid)

• Fasting blood sugar > 100 mg/dl (or use of metformin), but a Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5%

  • Any gender and race 50 years old or above
  • Dietary AGE intake > 12 AGE Eq/day

(Before randomization all participants will be screened with a 3-day food record and 7-day food frequency questionnaire (AGE Quick Score) to determine their average spontaneous daily intake of AGEs. Only those subjects whose daily intake is > 12 AGE Eq/day will participate in the study.)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of diabetes (HbA1C > 6.5 %)
• Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) less than 60 ml/min
• Any major cardiovascular event within the preceding 3 months
• Inability to understand or unwillingness to follow study diets
• Any unstable medical condition requiring medication adjustment or treatment within the preceding 3 months
• Any severe illness with an expected participant survival less than 1 year
• Diagnosis of HIV
• Currently receiving treatment for any inflammatory condition
• Currently receiving cancer treatment, such as radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or stem cell transplant
• Currently participating in any other research study requiring a special diet, medications, supplements or other lifestyle change

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Regular AGE Diet	Other: Regular AGE Diet; Regular AGE Diet
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Low AGE Diet; One year reduction in dietary AGE intake	Other: Low AGE Diet; One year reduction in dietary AGE intake.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Blood Glucose and Insulin levels in 1 year as compared to baseline	To test whether prolonged (1 year) dietary AGE restriction, while maintaining caloric intake, can improve insulin resistance in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance will be assessed by measuring simultaneously blood glucose and insulin levels in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test.	baseline
Change in Blood Glucose and Insulin levels in 1 year as compared to baseline	To test whether prolonged (1 year) dietary AGE restriction, while maintaining caloric intake, can improve insulin resistance in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance will be assessed by measuring simultaneously blood glucose and insulin levels in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test.	after 1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in abdominal obesity in 1 year as compared to baseline	To test whether prolonged (1 year) dietary AGE restriction, while maintaining caloric intake, can improve abdominal obesity and markers of cardiovascular disease in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Abdominal obesity will be measured by both waist circumference and MRI. CVD markers will be measured both in the circulation as well as by MRI estimate of carotid artery intima/media thickness.	baseline
Change in abdominal obesity in 1 year as compared to baseline	To test whether prolonged (1 year) dietary AGE restriction, while maintaining caloric intake, can improve abdominal obesity and markers of cardiovascular disease in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Abdominal obesity will be measured by both waist circumference and MRI. CVD markers will be measured both in the circulation as well as by MRI estimate of carotid artery intima/media thickness.	after 1 year
Change in markers of cardiovascular disease in 1 year as compared to baseline	To test whether prolonged (1 year) dietary AGE restriction, while maintaining caloric intake, can improve abdominal obesity and markers of cardiovascular disease in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Abdominal obesity will be measured by both waist circumference and MRI. CVD markers will be measured both in the circulation as well as by MRI estimate of carotid artery intima/media thickness.	baseline
Change in markers of cardiovascular disease in 1 year as compared to baseline	To test whether prolonged (1 year) dietary AGE restriction, while maintaining caloric intake, can improve abdominal obesity and markers of cardiovascular disease in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Abdominal obesity will be measured by both waist circumference and MRI. CVD markers will be measured both in the circulation as well as by MRI estimate of carotid artery intima/media thickness.	after 1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
• Collaborators: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: John C He, MD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Uribarri J, Woodruff S, Goodman S, Cai W, Chen X, Pyzik R, Yong A, Striker GE, Vlassara H. Advanced glycation end products in foods and a practical guide to their reduction in the diet. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Jun;110(6):911-16.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.018.
• Mericq V, Piccardo C, Cai W, Chen X, Zhu L, Striker GE, Vlassara H, Uribarri J. Maternally transmitted and food-derived glycotoxins: a factor preconditioning the young to diabetes? Diabetes Care. 2010 Oct;33(10):2232-7. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1058. Epub 2010 Jul 13.
• Uribarri J, Cai W, Ramdas M, Goodman S, Pyzik R, Chen X, Zhu L, Striker GE, Vlassara H. Restriction of advanced glycation end products improves insulin resistance in human type 2 diabetes: potential role of AGER1 and SIRT1. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jul;34(7):1610-6. doi: 10.2337/dc11-0091.
• Vlassara H, Striker GE. AGE restriction in diabetes mellitus: a paradigm shift. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 May 24;7(9):526-39. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.74.
• Striker GE. Beyond phosphate binding: the effect of binder therapy on novel biomarkers may have clinical implications for the management of chronic kidney disease patients. Kidney Int Suppl. 2009 Dec;(114):S1-2. doi: 10.1038/ki.2009.400. No abstract available.
• 6. Vlassara, H. and Striker, G.E. (2010) Intake of advanced glycation endproducts; Role in the development of diabetic complications. In: Principles of Diabetes Mellitus, 2nd Edition, L. Poretsky, Ed., Springer Publications.
• 7. Vlassara, H, Striker, G.E. The Role of AGEs in the Etiology of Insulin Resistance and Diabetes; US-Endocrinology (2011).
• Vlassara H, Cai W, Tripp E, Pyzik R, Yee K, Goldberg L, Tansman L, Chen X, Mani V, Fayad ZA, Nadkarni GN, Striker GE, He JC, Uribarri J. Oral AGE restriction ameliorates insulin resistance in obese individuals with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2016 Oct;59(10):2181-92. doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-4053-x. Epub 2016 Jul 29.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: December 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2014
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 27, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 31, 2011
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): June 1, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): May 8, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 6, 2015
• Last Verified: May 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypertension; Insulin Resistance; Hyperglycemia; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Abdominal Fat; Atherogenic Dyslipidemia; Thrombosis state
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Disease; Insulin Resistance; Hyperinsulinism; Syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: GCO 03-0116-3; 2R01DK091231-07A2 (NIH)