Text Message Reminders for Influenza Vaccine in Pregnancy

Influenza virus accounts for numerous cases (epidemics) of respiratory illnesses each year worldwide and affects people of all ages. These epidemics typically occur in the winter months, and can result in substantial morbidity and mortality in persons at risk. Pregnant women may be more susceptible to morbidity and mortality associated with influenza infection. This increased risk may result from several factors including increased heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen consumption, decreased lung capacity, and changes in immunologic function. Immunization of women during pregnancy can help to prevent infection in the woman herself and may also offer protection to the infant in two ways: by the passage of antibodies from mother to the fetus during pregnancy, and by preventing infection in the mother and therefore decreasing the infant's exposure risk after birth. In Canada, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends the vaccine for pregnant women who are expected to deliver during influenza season because they will become household contacts of their newborn. Ideal timing of vaccination occurs in October or November since influenza outbreaks typically occur throughout the winter months. Despite the Canadian and American guidelines for influenza vaccination during pregnancy, it is unclear how many women are offered and/or actually receive the vaccine while pregnant. There is, however, evidence that women will accept the vaccine if offered. Specifically, in the Women's Health Care Centre at St. Michael's Hospital, it was found that 42% of women not only accepted but also received the influenza vaccination when offered. Innovative techniques will be required to continue to increase vaccination rates among vulnerable populations, including pregnant women. The purpose of the present study is to determine if the use of electronic reminders (text messages) increases the likelihood of receiving the influenza vaccine among pregnant women.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pregnancy

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 317

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 1W8
      • St. Michael's Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

All Women cared for in the Women's Health Care Centre prenatal clinic during influenza season

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant Woman
• Ages 18 and over
• Working cellular telephone with the ability to receive text messages
• Ability to speak or understand English

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age less than 18
• Inability to speak or understand English
• Not possessing a working cellular telephone with text messaging capability
• Presence of any contraindications to vaccination (such as egg allergy or prior adverse reaction to the vaccine)
• Women who have already received the vaccine during this influenza season

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Prevalence of Influenza Vaccination of those who do receive text message reminders compared to those who do not.	To determine the percentage of women who receive the influenza vaccine during pregnancy and also received text message reminders, relative to women who do not receive text messages.	Up to 5 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Patient characteristics affecting liklihood of receiving vaccine	Patient characteristics (e.g. race/ethnicity, education level, family income, number of prior pregnancies, history of receiving the vaccine in the past) affecting the likelihood of receiving the vaccine among those who receive reminders.	Up to 5 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Unity Health Toronto

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Yudin MH, Mistry N, De Souza LR, Besel K, Patel V, Blanco Mejia S, Bernick R, Ryan V, Urquia M, Beigi RH, Moniz MH, Sgro M. Text messages for influenza vaccination among pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial. Vaccine. 2017 Feb 1;35(5):842-848. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.002. Epub 2017 Jan 3.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: November 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): January 1, 2014
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): March 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 16, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 23, 2015
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): April 29, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): February 22, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 20, 2019
• Last Verified: February 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Influenza Vaccine; Text Message
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Influenza, Human
• Other Study ID Numbers: 13-265